This volume of Lexicography: Journal of ASIALEX is a special issue featuring four selected papers presented at the 16th International Conference of the Asian Association for Lexicography (ASIALEX, 2023), held in June 2023 in Seoul, South Korea.
{"title":"Lexicography, artificial intelligence, and dictionary users","authors":"Kilim Nam, Yelee An, Hae-Yun Jung","doi":"10.1558/lexi.30075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.30075","url":null,"abstract":"This volume of Lexicography: Journal of ASIALEX is a special issue featuring four selected papers presented at the 16th International Conference of the Asian Association for Lexicography (ASIALEX, 2023), held in June 2023 in Seoul, South Korea.","PeriodicalId":515202,"journal":{"name":"Lexicography","volume":"131 42","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this study is to introduce the compilation process and characteristics of the new Yonsei Korean Synonyms Dictionary (YKSD), and to suggest how the synonym dictionary could be used in teaching language. Despite the importance of synonym distinction for language learners and teachers, thus far, synonym dictionaries have generally presented lists of synonyms, in a manner similar to a thesaurus. We would like to introduce the YKSD as a new model for a Korean thesaurus, and discuss what information is presented and how the information is illustrated. We provide the lexical information and description of synonyms based on an analysis of corpus rather than the intuition of dictionary compilers. The macrostructure and microstructure of the YKSD are specially designed to assist in distinguishing synonyms. The contents of this dictionary can be used in various ways in the course of developing teaching materials for language learners. In this study, we will look at the uses of this dictionary.
{"title":"Compilation and uses of the 'Yonsei Korean Synonyms Dictionary for Learners'","authors":"Mikyung Bong, Sunhye Kim","doi":"10.1558/lexi.27581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.27581","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to introduce the compilation process and characteristics of the new Yonsei Korean Synonyms Dictionary (YKSD), and to suggest how the synonym dictionary could be used in teaching language. Despite the importance of synonym distinction for language learners and teachers, thus far, synonym dictionaries have generally presented lists of synonyms, in a manner similar to a thesaurus. We would like to introduce the YKSD as a new model for a Korean thesaurus, and discuss what information is presented and how the information is illustrated. We provide the lexical information and description of synonyms based on an analysis of corpus rather than the intuition of dictionary compilers. The macrostructure and microstructure of the YKSD are specially designed to assist in distinguishing synonyms. The contents of this dictionary can be used in various ways in the course of developing teaching materials for language learners. In this study, we will look at the uses of this dictionary.","PeriodicalId":515202,"journal":{"name":"Lexicography","volume":"79 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141658010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language is deeply intertwined with culture, and understanding the cultural nuances embedded in words and phrases is crucial for effective communication. Bilingual dictionaries play an important role in bridging the linguistic and cultural gap between languages. This paper examines the inclusion and representation of cultural information in bilingual lexicography, with a particular focus on Chinese-English dictionary compilation. It emphasizes the need to provide not only the meaning and usage of words and phrases (the what), but also the cultural nuances and the background behind them (the why). Furthermore, the presentation of cultural information in bilingual dictionaries requires the exploration of different methods and techniques. In this context, the paper explores the concepts of defamiliarization and foregrounding as means of emphasizing cultural aspects through explanatory notes, cultural annotations, examples from literature or popular culture, and other relevant resources.
{"title":"Making known the what and the why","authors":"Cuilian Zhao","doi":"10.1558/lexi.27596","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.27596","url":null,"abstract":"Language is deeply intertwined with culture, and understanding the cultural nuances embedded in words and phrases is crucial for effective communication. Bilingual dictionaries play an important role in bridging the linguistic and cultural gap between languages. This paper examines the inclusion and representation of cultural information in bilingual lexicography, with a particular focus on Chinese-English dictionary compilation. It emphasizes the need to provide not only the meaning and usage of words and phrases (the what), but also the cultural nuances and the background behind them (the why). Furthermore, the presentation of cultural information in bilingual dictionaries requires the exploration of different methods and techniques. In this context, the paper explores the concepts of defamiliarization and foregrounding as means of emphasizing cultural aspects through explanatory notes, cultural annotations, examples from literature or popular culture, and other relevant resources.","PeriodicalId":515202,"journal":{"name":"Lexicography","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large Language Models (LLMs) are being used for many language-based tasks, including translation, summarization and paraphrasing, sentiment analysis, and for content-generation tasks, such as code generation, answering search queries in natural language, and to power chatbots in customer service and other domains. Since much modern lexicography is based on investigation and analysis of large-scale corpora analogous to the (much larger) corpora used to train LLMs, we hypothesize that LLMs could be used for typical lexicographic tasks. A commercially-available LLM API (OpenAI’s ChatGPT gpt-3.5-turbo) was used to complete typical lexicographic tasks, such as headword expansion, phrase and form finding, and creation of definitions and examples. The results showed that the output of this LLM is not up to the standard of human editorial work, requiring significant oversight because of errors and “hallucinations” (the tendency of LLMs to invent facts). In addition, the externalities of LLM use, including concerns about environmental impact and replication of bias, add to the overall cost.
{"title":"The ROI of AI in lexicography","authors":"Erin McKean, Will Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1558/lexi.27569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.27569","url":null,"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) are being used for many language-based tasks, including translation, summarization and paraphrasing, sentiment analysis, and for content-generation tasks, such as code generation, answering search queries in natural language, and to power chatbots in customer service and other domains. Since much modern lexicography is based on investigation and analysis of large-scale corpora analogous to the (much larger) corpora used to train LLMs, we hypothesize that LLMs could be used for typical lexicographic tasks. A commercially-available LLM API (OpenAI’s ChatGPT gpt-3.5-turbo) was used to complete typical lexicographic tasks, such as headword expansion, phrase and form finding, and creation of definitions and examples. The results showed that the output of this LLM is not up to the standard of human editorial work, requiring significant oversight because of errors and “hallucinations” (the tendency of LLMs to invent facts). In addition, the externalities of LLM use, including concerns about environmental impact and replication of bias, add to the overall cost.","PeriodicalId":515202,"journal":{"name":"Lexicography","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141677888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we discuss the development of “can do” descriptors for dictionary use in English language teaching. With the CEFR gaining prominence as a tool for language proficiency assessment and the proliferation of traditional and online dictionaries, there’s a renewed focus on defining dictionary skills within the CEFR framework. Through an extensive literature review, we compiled skill inventories showcasing learners’ abilities with dictionaries across tasks. Our “can do” questionnaire results highlight varying skill levels and reveal gaps between perceived and actual proficiency, emphasizing the importance of refining questionnaire items to align with real-world abilities.
{"title":"Developing illustrative “Can Do” descriptors for dictionary use by foreign language learners","authors":"Yukio Tono, Naho Kawamoto","doi":"10.1558/lexi.28517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.28517","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we discuss the development of “can do” descriptors for dictionary use in English language teaching. With the CEFR gaining prominence as a tool for language proficiency assessment and the proliferation of traditional and online dictionaries, there’s a renewed focus on defining dictionary skills within the CEFR framework. Through an extensive literature review, we compiled skill inventories showcasing learners’ abilities with dictionaries across tasks. Our “can do” questionnaire results highlight varying skill levels and reveal gaps between perceived and actual proficiency, emphasizing the importance of refining questionnaire items to align with real-world abilities.","PeriodicalId":515202,"journal":{"name":"Lexicography","volume":" 43","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141679245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Translators are one of the main groups of dictionary users. The design, revision, and compilation of any kind of lexicographic or terminographic resource for translators should thus be based on their specific needs. To this end, the research examined the importance attributed by 221 BA and MA trainee translators to the various types of information in a dictionary entry, with a view to determining which are most useful for translation. Also identified were the differences between an ideal entry for translators and one for the general public. The results showed that the students’ answers varied depending on their year of study, as well as whether they were on the BA or MA program. The data collection tool was a self-reported questionnaire. The dictionary information most valued by trainee translators was usage contexts, definitions, phraseology, and translation equivalents. Furthermore, students at higher academic levels attributed more importance to usage contexts and phraseology. This study highlights the need to include phraseological and contextual information in the entries of translation-oriented dictionaries.
{"title":"What should a dictionary contain to be useful for translators?","authors":"Míriam Buendía-Castro","doi":"10.1558/lexi.27078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.27078","url":null,"abstract":"Translators are one of the main groups of dictionary users. The design, revision, and compilation of any kind of lexicographic or terminographic resource for translators should thus be based on their specific needs. To this end, the research examined the importance attributed by 221 BA and MA trainee translators to the various types of information in a dictionary entry, with a view to determining which are most useful for translation. Also identified were the differences between an ideal entry for translators and one for the general public. The results showed that the students’ answers varied depending on their year of study, as well as whether they were on the BA or MA program. The data collection tool was a self-reported questionnaire. The dictionary information most valued by trainee translators was usage contexts, definitions, phraseology, and translation equivalents. Furthermore, students at higher academic levels attributed more importance to usage contexts and phraseology. This study highlights the need to include phraseological and contextual information in the entries of translation-oriented dictionaries.","PeriodicalId":515202,"journal":{"name":"Lexicography","volume":"30 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139805099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Translators are one of the main groups of dictionary users. The design, revision, and compilation of any kind of lexicographic or terminographic resource for translators should thus be based on their specific needs. To this end, the research examined the importance attributed by 221 BA and MA trainee translators to the various types of information in a dictionary entry, with a view to determining which are most useful for translation. Also identified were the differences between an ideal entry for translators and one for the general public. The results showed that the students’ answers varied depending on their year of study, as well as whether they were on the BA or MA program. The data collection tool was a self-reported questionnaire. The dictionary information most valued by trainee translators was usage contexts, definitions, phraseology, and translation equivalents. Furthermore, students at higher academic levels attributed more importance to usage contexts and phraseology. This study highlights the need to include phraseological and contextual information in the entries of translation-oriented dictionaries.
{"title":"What should a dictionary contain to be useful for translators?","authors":"Míriam Buendía-Castro","doi":"10.1558/lexi.27078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1558/lexi.27078","url":null,"abstract":"Translators are one of the main groups of dictionary users. The design, revision, and compilation of any kind of lexicographic or terminographic resource for translators should thus be based on their specific needs. To this end, the research examined the importance attributed by 221 BA and MA trainee translators to the various types of information in a dictionary entry, with a view to determining which are most useful for translation. Also identified were the differences between an ideal entry for translators and one for the general public. The results showed that the students’ answers varied depending on their year of study, as well as whether they were on the BA or MA program. The data collection tool was a self-reported questionnaire. The dictionary information most valued by trainee translators was usage contexts, definitions, phraseology, and translation equivalents. Furthermore, students at higher academic levels attributed more importance to usage contexts and phraseology. This study highlights the need to include phraseological and contextual information in the entries of translation-oriented dictionaries.","PeriodicalId":515202,"journal":{"name":"Lexicography","volume":"37 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139864964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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