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Women and Security 妇女与安全
Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.4135/9781608712434.n1652
M. Albright
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引用次数: 0
The Art of Advocacy 倡导的艺术
Pub Date : 2013-07-01 DOI: 10.5040/9781509901920.0026
S. Mueller
If practitioners of international affairs aim to influence policy, it is increasingly necessary for them to hone and utilize their advocacy skills. A somewhat amorphous term, advocacy encompasses a wide range of ideas and activities. For the purpose of this article, it is defined as the art of building relationships-often with elected officials-in order to shape public policy. Advocacy requires building a constituency that is articulate and willing to act. Whether the goal is to influence budgets, regulations, or other policies, advocacy is a fundamental tool of the most influential organizations.As John H. Graham IV, president and CEO of the American Society of Association Executives, stated in his remarks at the Association TRENDS Salute to Excellence luncheon earlier this year, advocacy is one of several major challenges facing associations. He observed, "[a]s vital as they are to advancing America's industries and professions and blending the interests of the government and the private sector, associations are too often outsiders in the policy-making equation." Or, as senior reporter Caroline Preston wrote in a recent Chronicle of Philanthropy article, "[p] hilanthropy needs to step up its efforts to influence policy if it expects to produce big changes."Early in his tenure as Secretary of State, John Kerry also emphasized the importance of advocacy. In February, during his first major speech as Secretary, he urged international affairs advocates to make their best case. He asked: "How do we, together, make clear...that if we do the right things, the good things, the smart things over there, it will strengthen us here at home?" He went on to say, "I believe we do this in two ways. First, it's about telling the story of how we stand up for American jobs and businesses-pretty practical, pretty straightforward, and pretty real on a day-to-day basis. And second, it's about how we stand up for our American values, something that has always distinguished America."Secretary Kerry highlighted international exchange programs as a primary way to project U.S. values. He reminisced about testifying as a young Vietnam veteran in hearings conducted by Senator Fulbright, then chair of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. In his speech, Kerry noted that Senator Fulbright was keenly aware of the importance of sharing American values, and quoted the Senator as saying, "[h]aving people understand your thoughts is much greater security than another submarine."Drawing from the research methods used in the Jim Collins "From Good to Great" model, Heather Grant and Leslie Crutchfield wrote a book titled Forces for Good: The Six Practices of High-Impact Nonprofits. Advocacy is one of the six practices they identify as essential to the success of organizations that make a difference. Delivering excellent services is not enough; to be truly effective, an organization must shape the public policy arena in which those services are delivered.Grant and Crutchfield asser
如果国际事务从业者的目标是影响政策,他们就越来越有必要磨练和利用他们的宣传技巧。倡导是一个有点模糊的术语,包含了广泛的思想和活动。出于本文的目的,它被定义为建立关系的艺术——通常是与民选官员建立关系——以形成公共政策。倡导需要建立一个善于表达并愿意采取行动的支持者。无论目标是影响预算、法规还是其他政策,倡导都是最有影响力的组织的基本工具。正如美国协会执行官协会主席兼首席执行官约翰·h·格雷厄姆四世在今年早些时候的协会趋势向卓越致敬午宴上所说,倡导是协会面临的几个主要挑战之一。他说:“尽管协会对促进美国的工业和专业发展以及协调政府和私营部门的利益至关重要,但它们在决策过程中往往是局外人。”或者,正如资深记者卡罗琳·普雷斯顿(Caroline Preston)最近在《慈善纪事报》(Chronicle of Philanthropy)的一篇文章中所写的那样,“如果慈善事业希望产生重大变化,就需要加大对政策的影响力度。”约翰·克里(John Kerry)在担任国务卿之初也强调了倡导的重要性。今年2月,在他作为国务卿的首次重要讲话中,他敦促国际事务倡导者尽最大努力。他问道:“我们如何共同表明……如果我们在那边做正确的事,好的事,聪明的事,就会使我们在国内变得强大吗?”他接着说,“我相信我们可以通过两种方式做到这一点。首先,它讲述了我们如何维护美国就业和企业的故事——非常实际,非常直接,并且在日常生活中非常真实。第二,这关系到我们如何捍卫美国的价值观,这是美国的特色。克里国务卿强调,国际交流项目是体现美国价值观的主要途径。他回忆起自己作为一名年轻的越战老兵在时任参议院外交关系委员会主席富布赖特主持的听证会上作证的情景。克里在讲话中指出,富布赖特参议员敏锐地意识到分享美国价值观的重要性,并引用富布赖特参议员的话说,“让人们理解你的想法比另一艘潜艇安全得多。”Heather Grant和Leslie Crutchfield借鉴了Jim Collins的“从优秀到卓越”模型的研究方法,写了一本名为《向善的力量:高影响力非营利组织的六种实践》的书。倡导是他们确定的六种实践之一,这些实践对组织的成功至关重要。提供优质的服务是不够的;为了真正有效,一个组织必须塑造提供这些服务的公共政策领域。Grant和Crutchfield断言,高影响力的组织可能从提供伟大的项目开始,但他们最终意识到,他们不能仅仅通过提供服务来实现系统性的变革。因此,他们开始利用政策倡导来获取政府资源或挑战立法,从而扩大他们的影响。NCIV作为案例研究他们关于倡导的必要性的结论当然与我自己作为国家国际游客委员会(NCIV)首席执行官近16年的经历相吻合。在我任职后不久,很明显,要真正发挥作用,NCIV必须成为美国国务院交流活动的积极国内支持者,特别是国际访问者领导计划。NCIV是美国国务院的私营部门合作伙伴,负责国际访问者领导计划(IVLP)的日常实施。美国驻世界各地大使馆和领事馆的工作人员邀请外国领导人参加IVLP,包括国会议员、记者和其他日常决策影响美国的人士. ...
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引用次数: 0
Curbing rapid population growth: the crux of sustainable development. 遏制人口快速增长:可持续发展的关键。
Pub Date : 1993-01-01
C S Wendel

"Over the last forty years there has been a wide success variance in the development of the non-industrialized world. [The author] examines the critical role that population growth has played in determining the rate of development in these countries and suggests some policies for reconciling population growth with sustainable development."

“在过去的四十年里,非工业化国家的发展取得了巨大的成功。[作者]审查了人口增长在决定这些国家的发展速度方面所起的关键作用,并建议了一些使人口增长与可持续发展相协调的政策。”
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引用次数: 0
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