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Assessing for Developmental Language Disorder in the Context of African American English. 非裔美国人英语语境下的发展性语言障碍评估。

EBP briefs

Pub Date : 2023-01-01

Isabelle Francois, Stefanie Lapka, Nan Bernstein Ratner, Monique T Mills

Clinical question: For young AAE speakers, how useful is the Developmental Sentence Scoring (DSS) compared with Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn) in identifying developmental language disorder (DLD) in the presence of African American English (AAE)?

Method: Structured Review.

Study sources: PsycInfo^®, Education Source, Education Resources Information Center (ERIC), Communication & Mass Media Complete (CMMC), PubMed, Scopus, ASHAWire.

Search terms: (1) "African American English" OR "African American Language" OR "African American Vernacular English" OR "Black English" OR "AAE" OR "AAVE" AND (2) "child" AND (3) "language assessment" OR "language testing" OR "speech evaluation".

Number of included studies: 3.

Primary results: DSS and IPSyn appear to be dialect-neutral measures of morphosyntax in young AAE speakers. DSS was better able to detect morphosyntactic differences between children with typical language development (TLD) and children with DLD. DSS and its variant, Black English Sentence Scoring (BESS), appear to be clinically useful language sampling analysis tools.

Conclusions: Available evidence suggests that DSS is a more useful clinical tool over IPSyn for evaluating DLD within the context of AAE because it provides the opportunity to evaluate mastery and accuracy of grammatical features and not only the presence of structures.

临床问题：对于年轻的AAE使用者来说，发展性句子评分（DSS）与生产性句法指数（IPSyn）在识别非裔美国英语（AAE）存在下的发展性语言障碍（DLD）方面有多大的作用？方法：结构化回顾。研究来源：PsycInfo®，教育资源，教育资源信息中心（ERIC），传播与大众媒体完整（CMMC）， PubMed, Scopus, ASHAWire。搜索词：(1)“非裔美国英语”或“非裔美国语言”或“非裔美国方言英语”或“黑人英语”或“AAE”或“AAVE”；(2)“儿童”；(3)“语言评估”或“语言测试”或“语音评估”。纳入的研究数量：3。主要结果：DSS和IPSyn似乎是年轻AAE说话者形态句法的方言中立测量。DSS能够更好地检测典型语言发育儿童（TLD）和典型语言发育儿童（DLD）之间的形态句法差异。DSS及其变体Black English Sentence Scoring （BESS）似乎是临床上有用的语言抽样分析工具。结论：现有证据表明，DSS是一种比IPSyn更有用的临床工具，用于评估AAE背景下的DLD，因为它提供了评估语法特征掌握和准确性的机会，而不仅仅是结构的存在。

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引用次数: 0

Teaching reading to youth with fragile X syndrome: Should phonemic awareness and phonics instruction be used? 脆性X综合征青少年阅读教学:是否应该使用音素意识和自然拼读法?

EBP briefs

Pub Date : 2015-03-01

Allison Randel, Suzanne Adlof, Jessica Klusek, Jane Roberts

Clinical question: Would a child with fragile X syndrome benefit more from phonemic awareness and phonics instruction or whole-word training to increase reading skills?

Method: Systematic review.

Study sources: PsycINFO.

Search terms: Fragile X or Down Syndrome or Cognitive Impairment or Cognitive Deficit or Cognitive Disability or Intellectual Disorder or Intellectual Delay or Intellectual Disability or Mental Retardation AND Whole Word or Sight Word or Phonological Awareness or Phonics.

Number of studies included: FXS = 0; DS = 6; ID = 17.

Primary results: There are currently no published peer-reviewed treatment studies testing reading interventions for children with fragile X syndrome.Phonological awareness and reading outcomes are correlated in children with fragile X syndrome, similar to the pattern seen in typical development.There is converging empirical evidence that phonologically-based approaches, often included as part of a comprehensive program, can be beneficial with children and adolescents with other developmental disabilities, including Down syndrome, intellectual disabilities, and autism spectrum disorder.

Conclusions: There is a need for more research to determine what types of reading interventions are beneficial when working with children with fragile X syndrome. Given the lack of published empirical research in this area, clinicians should rely on existing evidence-based treatment data and professional judgment when determining which course of treatment to implement.

临床问题:患有脆性X综合征的孩子是更受益于音位意识和语音教学，还是全词训练来提高阅读技能?方法:系统评价。研究来源:PsycINFO。搜索词:脆性X或唐氏综合症或认知障碍或认知缺陷或认知残疾或智力障碍或智力延迟或智力残疾或智力迟钝和全词或视觉词或语音意识或自然拼读。纳入的研究数量:FXS = 0;Ds = 6;Id = 17。主要结果:目前还没有发表的同行评议的治疗研究，测试阅读干预对脆性X综合征儿童的影响。脆性X综合征儿童的语音意识和阅读结果相关，类似于典型发展模式。越来越多的经验证据表明，基于语音的方法(通常作为综合规划的一部分)对患有其他发育障碍(包括唐氏综合症、智力残疾和自闭症谱系障碍)的儿童和青少年有益。结论:需要更多的研究来确定哪种类型的阅读干预对患有脆性X染色体综合征的儿童是有益的。鉴于该领域缺乏已发表的实证研究，临床医生在确定实施哪个疗程时应依靠现有的循证治疗数据和专业判断。

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