Lijuan Su, Xiaojie Shao, L. Chai, H. Ge, Hongliang Wang, Xiao-jing Cui, Tiansheng Deng, Xianglin Hou
A series of mesoporous solid acid catalysts (PDS-x) with large BET surface area, superior thermal stability, strong sulfonic acid groups and tunable Brönsted acidity were synthesized by copolymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) and p-styrenesulfonate hydrate (SPSS). The PDS-x catalysts showed high activity on the direct and efficient production of triacetylglycerol (TAG) by acyl exchange reaction of oils (fats) and acetic acid. The highest TAG yield of 92.2 mol% was obtained on the PDS-x catalysts at a mild condition of 200 o C. By combining SEM, TEM, FT-IR/DRIFT, BET, XRD, and TG-DTG, the key factors that affected the TAG yield were clarified on the PDS-x catalysts. Moreover, the origin of the slow deactivation on these catalysts was elucidated. The large BET surface area and abundant mesopores allowed the contact of large-sized glycerol tristearate with the strong sulfonic acid groups, accounting for the high TAG yield.
{"title":"Efficiently and Directly Produce Triacetylglycerol from Oils and Fats Over Mesoporous Polymer Solid Acid Catalysts","authors":"Lijuan Su, Xiaojie Shao, L. Chai, H. Ge, Hongliang Wang, Xiao-jing Cui, Tiansheng Deng, Xianglin Hou","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3940152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3940152","url":null,"abstract":"A series of mesoporous solid acid catalysts (PDS-x) with large BET surface area, superior thermal stability, strong sulfonic acid groups and tunable Brönsted acidity were synthesized by copolymerization of divinylbenzene (DVB) and p-styrenesulfonate hydrate (SPSS). The PDS-x catalysts showed high activity on the direct and efficient production of triacetylglycerol (TAG) by acyl exchange reaction of oils (fats) and acetic acid. The highest TAG yield of 92.2 mol% was obtained on the PDS-x catalysts at a mild condition of 200 o C. By combining SEM, TEM, FT-IR/DRIFT, BET, XRD, and TG-DTG, the key factors that affected the TAG yield were clarified on the PDS-x catalysts. Moreover, the origin of the slow deactivation on these catalysts was elucidated. The large BET surface area and abundant mesopores allowed the contact of large-sized glycerol tristearate with the strong sulfonic acid groups, accounting for the high TAG yield.","PeriodicalId":9963,"journal":{"name":"ChemRN: Food & Agricultural Chemistry (Topic)","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81972874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The high antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs) contents in livestock manure pose a potential risk to environment and human health. The heap composting with an ambient temperature and thermophilic composting are two methods for converting livestock manure into fertilizer. This study investigated the variations in ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and revealed potential mechanisms for ARGs removal using the two composting methods. The ARGs abundance were enriched by 44-fold in heap composting, among them, the macrolide-resistance genes increased significantly. On the contrary, the ARGs were removed by 92% in thermophilic composting, among them, tetracycline-resistance genes decreased by 97%. The bacterial hosts of ARGs were associated with the variations of ARGs and MGEs. The tetO was correlated with the most diverse bacteria in heap composting, and Bacteroidetes was the major host bacteria. While tetT was correlated with the most diverse bacteria in thermophilic composting, and Proteobacteria was the major host bacteria. Structural equation models showed that the enrichment of ARGs in heap composting was mainly correlated with bacterial communities, whereas, the removal of ARGs in thermophilic composting was directly affect by MGEs. Composting temperature directly affected the variations in ARGs. Higher and lower temperatures significantly decreased and increased, respectively, ARGs and MGEs abundance levels.
{"title":"Composting Temperature Directly Affects the Removal of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Mobile Genetic Elements in Livestock Manure","authors":"Guoying Wang, Yilin Kong, Yan Yang, Ruonan Ma, Liqiong Li, Guoxue Li, Jing Yuan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3931614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3931614","url":null,"abstract":"The high antibiotic resistance gene (ARGs) contents in livestock manure pose a potential risk to environment and human health. The heap composting with an ambient temperature and thermophilic composting are two methods for converting livestock manure into fertilizer. This study investigated the variations in ARGs and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and revealed potential mechanisms for ARGs removal using the two composting methods. The ARGs abundance were enriched by 44-fold in heap composting, among them, the macrolide-resistance genes increased significantly. On the contrary, the ARGs were removed by 92% in thermophilic composting, among them, tetracycline-resistance genes decreased by 97%. The bacterial hosts of ARGs were associated with the variations of ARGs and MGEs. The tetO was correlated with the most diverse bacteria in heap composting, and Bacteroidetes was the major host bacteria. While tetT was correlated with the most diverse bacteria in thermophilic composting, and Proteobacteria was the major host bacteria. Structural equation models showed that the enrichment of ARGs in heap composting was mainly correlated with bacterial communities, whereas, the removal of ARGs in thermophilic composting was directly affect by MGEs. Composting temperature directly affected the variations in ARGs. Higher and lower temperatures significantly decreased and increased, respectively, ARGs and MGEs abundance levels.","PeriodicalId":9963,"journal":{"name":"ChemRN: Food & Agricultural Chemistry (Topic)","volume":"151 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76245807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Organosolv processes provide access to less degraded and higher purity lignins. However, these are rarely applied to softwood species with high lignin contents and complex condensed structures. We are presenting here the results of an optimized organosolv process, allowing for a high extraction yield of organosolv lignin from black spruce (Picea mariana), while preserving a good solid cellulose recovery. Optimized conditions are 70% ethanol liquor with a ratio of 1:10 (wood:liquor) and 5% FeCl3.6H2O as catalyst, treated in a Parr reactor for 90 min at 180 °C. The cellulosic pulp was then extracted with pure ethanol to recover the 2nd lignin. This 2nd lignin was darker in colour and denser than the 1st lignin obtained by precipitation from residual liquor. The other lignin properties were almost identical. The total lignin recovery averaged at 74% (with a purity of 97%), the highest result for lignin recovery from softwoods published so far.
{"title":"High Purity Softwood Lignin Obtained by an Eco-Friendly Organosolv Process","authors":"Maxime Parot, D. Rodrigue, T. Stevanovic","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3942524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3942524","url":null,"abstract":"Organosolv processes provide access to less degraded and higher purity lignins. However, these are rarely applied to softwood species with high lignin contents and complex condensed structures. We are presenting here the results of an optimized organosolv process, allowing for a high extraction yield of organosolv lignin from black spruce (Picea mariana), while preserving a good solid cellulose recovery. Optimized conditions are 70% ethanol liquor with a ratio of 1:10 (wood:liquor) and 5% FeCl3.6H2O as catalyst, treated in a Parr reactor for 90 min at 180 °C. The cellulosic pulp was then extracted with pure ethanol to recover the 2nd lignin. This 2nd lignin was darker in colour and denser than the 1st lignin obtained by precipitation from residual liquor. The other lignin properties were almost identical. The total lignin recovery averaged at 74% (with a purity of 97%), the highest result for lignin recovery from softwoods published so far.","PeriodicalId":9963,"journal":{"name":"ChemRN: Food & Agricultural Chemistry (Topic)","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75657244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The efficiency of the livestock system is one of the factors of greatest social and economic interest in rural areas. The objective of the project was to evaluate different biological and economic indicators that allow identifying the most efficient dairy cows in grazing systems with supplementation of the dairy basin of Antioquia-Colombia. Retrospective data from 2009 to 2019 were used from dairy farms in the municipalities (Entrerríos, San Pedro and Belmira). These production systems present characteristics common to most of the dairy companies distributed in the north of Antioquia, they are characterized by being grazing dairy systems with different supplementation regimes. The farms have their own records and official milk control from the cooperatives or associations from which the data were obtained. The productive categories were ordered according to the number of calving and within each subgroup they were ordered by the total liters per lactation in ascending order, productive, reproductive, health and economic variables of the cows evaluated were recorded. Then cuts were made; obtaining three thirds of similar size, thus forming three categories: low, medium and high production. It was possible to determine the model that showed four groups of variables (breed, milk production by lactation, days open and silage), with an important correlation of 100% and greater contribution to the behavior of the cost of the liter, obtaining an R2 of 0.91 (p <0.05) and a prediction error of (US $ 0.0076) per liter of milk in the farms evaluated. It is concluded that, with few biological and economic predictive indicators, it was possible to identify the most efficient cows in grazing systems, these indicators were integrated into a simple and easy-to-execute web application module, which allows to significantly predict the productive impact. And, Decision-making on the sustainability of dairy companies.
{"title":"Efficiency of Biological and Economic Indicators in Production Systems in Dairy Farms","authors":"Luis Fernando Fernando Londoño Franco, P. Marini","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3916204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3916204","url":null,"abstract":"The efficiency of the livestock system is one of the factors of greatest social and economic interest in rural areas. The objective of the project was to evaluate different biological and economic indicators that allow identifying the most efficient dairy cows in grazing systems with supplementation of the dairy basin of Antioquia-Colombia. Retrospective data from 2009 to 2019 were used from dairy farms in the municipalities (Entrerríos, San Pedro and Belmira). These production systems present characteristics common to most of the dairy companies distributed in the north of Antioquia, they are characterized by being grazing dairy systems with different supplementation regimes. The farms have their own records and official milk control from the cooperatives or associations from which the data were obtained. The productive categories were ordered according to the number of calving and within each subgroup they were ordered by the total liters per lactation in ascending order, productive, reproductive, health and economic variables of the cows evaluated were recorded. Then cuts were made; obtaining three thirds of similar size, thus forming three categories: low, medium and high production. It was possible to determine the model that showed four groups of variables (breed, milk production by lactation, days open and silage), with an important correlation of 100% and greater contribution to the behavior of the cost of the liter, obtaining an R2 of 0.91 (p <0.05) and a prediction error of (US $ 0.0076) per liter of milk in the farms evaluated. It is concluded that, with few biological and economic predictive indicators, it was possible to identify the most efficient cows in grazing systems, these indicators were integrated into a simple and easy-to-execute web application module, which allows to significantly predict the productive impact. And, Decision-making on the sustainability of dairy companies.","PeriodicalId":9963,"journal":{"name":"ChemRN: Food & Agricultural Chemistry (Topic)","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90282817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Conde-González, P. Lorenzo-Luis, V. Salvadó, J. Havel, E. Peña-Méndez
A new Cotton@Fe-BTC composite formed by Fe-BTC (BTC-H3 : trimesic acid) metal framework (Fe-BTC MOF loading as high 38 wt %) supported by cellulose fibre is synthesised in aqueous media using a simple and green preparation method, described for the first time in this manuscript. This new strategy relies on the synergetic effect of the pure cellulose and MOFs frameworks resulting in hybrid nanofibers of MOFs@cellulose composite. A complete characterization of the composite material reveals its structural similarity to MIL-100(Fe), a Fe-BTC material. The Cotton@Fe-BTC composite potential use as an eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbent was evaluated for its adsorptive performance for the removal of dyes belonging to the triarylmethane dye family (Malachite Green (MQ), Brilliant Green (BG), Pararosaniline (PR), Basic Fuchsine (BF), Crystal Violet (CV), Methyl Green (Met-G), Victoria Blue B (VB), Acid Fuchsin (AF) and Aniline Blue (AB)) in aqueous solution. The fast kinetics and high dye removal efficiencies ( > 90%) obtained in aqueous solutions. The structure of Cotton@Fe-BTC netwok, contributed to the remarkable adsorption properties towards a variety of triphenylmethanedyes. The interparticle studies showed two main steps in the dye’s adsorption processes, with the exception of AF and BG. The equilibrium adsorption capacities qe (mg/g) follow the order: AF (3.64) < Met-G (3.70) < AB (4.87) < PR (5.52) < BF (5.76) < Met-G (7.22) < CV (9.63) < BG (16.34). However, going insight the adsorption mechanisms, it was remarkable the finding that the reaction paths taking into account the influence of water molecules on the anionic dye adsorption, through the so-called solvation/desolvation penalty processes, may not be ignored. The easy preparation and manipulation of Cotton@Fe-BTC network as well as its stability and excellent performance for the adsorption makes this material a good candidate for a broad range of applications.
{"title":"A New Cotton Functionalized with Iron(III) Trimer-Like Metal Framework as an Effective Strategy for the Adsorption Of Triarylmethane Dyes: An Insight into the Dyes Adsorption Processes","authors":"J. Conde-González, P. Lorenzo-Luis, V. Salvadó, J. Havel, E. Peña-Méndez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3913051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3913051","url":null,"abstract":"A new Cotton@Fe-BTC composite formed by Fe-BTC (BTC-H3 : trimesic acid) metal framework (Fe-BTC MOF loading as high 38 wt %) supported by cellulose fibre is synthesised in aqueous media using a simple and green preparation method, described for the first time in this manuscript. This new strategy relies on the synergetic effect of the pure cellulose and MOFs frameworks resulting in hybrid nanofibers of MOFs@cellulose composite. A complete characterization of the composite material reveals its structural similarity to MIL-100(Fe), a Fe-BTC material. The Cotton@Fe-BTC composite potential use as an eco-friendly and low-cost adsorbent was evaluated for its adsorptive performance for the removal of dyes belonging to the triarylmethane dye family (Malachite Green (MQ), Brilliant Green (BG), Pararosaniline (PR), Basic Fuchsine (BF), Crystal Violet (CV), Methyl Green (Met-G), Victoria Blue B (VB), Acid Fuchsin (AF) and Aniline Blue (AB)) in aqueous solution. The fast kinetics and high dye removal efficiencies ( > 90%) obtained in aqueous solutions. The structure of Cotton@Fe-BTC netwok, contributed to the remarkable adsorption properties towards a variety of triphenylmethanedyes. The interparticle studies showed two main steps in the dye’s adsorption processes, with the exception of AF and BG. The equilibrium adsorption capacities qe (mg/g) follow the order: AF (3.64) < Met-G (3.70) < AB (4.87) < PR (5.52) < BF (5.76) < Met-G (7.22) < CV (9.63) < BG (16.34). However, going insight the adsorption mechanisms, it was remarkable the finding that the reaction paths taking into account the influence of water molecules on the anionic dye adsorption, through the so-called solvation/desolvation penalty processes, may not be ignored. The easy preparation and manipulation of Cotton@Fe-BTC network as well as its stability and excellent performance for the adsorption makes this material a good candidate for a broad range of applications.","PeriodicalId":9963,"journal":{"name":"ChemRN: Food & Agricultural Chemistry (Topic)","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84233455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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