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The inefficient capture of industrially emitted NO_x in wet absorption denitration technology owing to the substantial ineffective oxidation of active component in conventional aqueous absorbent by O₂ in flue gas impedes atmospheric pollution mitigation. The central point is the fast oxidation kinetics of SO₃^2- through O₂-mediated SO₃^·- radical chain reactions. This work developed an oxidation-resistant aqueous absorbent by combining the cationic trapping agent 18-Crown-6 (18C6) with a typical sulfite solution. IC, ¹H NMR, ESI-MS, EPR, ion competition, and simulations at the DFT level collectively verified a new antioxidant pathway to block the chain reaction, including the precise trap of key radicals intermediate by self-assembled [18C6·Na]⁺ cations. Compared to the sulfite solution, the 18C6/Na₂SO₃ absorbent increased its optimal absorption efficiency from 93.5% to 97% and extended its effective absorption time from 16 to 30 min. Furthermore, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, and a 1135-min continuous absorption demonstrated the promising recyclability of 18C6. Additionally, denitration performance under varied operating conditions was evaluated, and a macro-kinetic model based on multiple parameters was established, offering guidance for practical wet flue gas denitration (WFGD). This antioxidant method avoids additive consumption, utilizes often-overlooked alkali metal cations, and expands application prospects for aqueous absorbents.

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) represent promising candidates for large-scale energy storage owing to their inherent safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, developing cathode materials that simultaneously achieve high capacity and long-term cycling stability remains a critical challenge. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of a series of Vanadium trioxide/Vanadium nitride (V₂O₃/VN) heterostructured composites through a controlled partial nitridation process using a vanadium-based metal-organic framework as a precursor. This strategy enables the in-situ formation of a conductive carbon matrix and the construction of an intimate heterointerface between V₂O₃ and VN. A key innovation lies in the precise tuning of the V₂O₃-to-VN ratio, which governs the heterostructure morphology, defect concentration, and resulting electrochemical properties. The optimized V₂O₃/VN composite leverages the complementary attributes of its constituents: the structural stability and high theoretical capacity of V₂O₃, along with the superior electrical conductivity and electrochemical activity of VN. Synergistic effects at the heterointerface not only facilitate rapid electron and ion transport but also effectively accommodate volume variations during repeated cycling. Moreover, the presence of oxygen vacancies enhances Zn²⁺ adsorption and diffusion kinetics. Therefore, the V₂O₃/VN cathode delivers a high specific capacity of 528 mAh g^-1 at 0.1 A g^-1, and retains 244 mAh g^-1 after 2000 cycles at 5 A g^-1, corresponding to a capacity fading rate of 0.025% per cycle. This work highlights the critical roles of component ratio optimization and interface engineering, providing a promising strategy for the development of advanced AZIB cathodes.

Cathode materials for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) often encounter challenges related to low electronic conductivity and sluggish ion transport, particularly when using thick electrode materials. Here, we report for the first time the fabrication of an iodide and heptamolybdate dual-doped polypyrrole (PPy-I-Mo) cathode, prepared through an electrodeposition method for AZIBs. The redox-active dopants not only contribute additional capacity to the composite but also modulate the morphology and electronic structure of the polymer, thereby enhancing both ion and electron transport. Moreover, the strong interactions between heptamolybdate and the I-based species not only effectively confine the dopants within the PPy matrix, preventing counterion depletion, but also facilitate the redox kinetics of iodine. As a result, the PPy-I-Mo electrode, with a high mass loading of 125 mg cm^-2, achieves an exceptional areal capacity of approximately 7 mAh cm^-2, significantly surpassing the capacities of mono-doped PPy-Mo (0.83 mAh cm^-2) and PPy-I (2.07 mAh cm^-2). This performance outperforms other reported conducting polymer-based electrodes for AZIBs. Furthermore, this dual-doping strategy can be extended to fabricate other high-performance conducting polymers, such as poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and polyaniline. These findings open new avenues for designing high-performance conducting polymers for advanced energy storage devices.

Objective: Using a three-level meta-analysis approach, this study evaluated the effects of exercise on episodic memory in patients with depression and explored its moderating variables.

Methods: A systematic search was conducted across seven databases to identify randomized controlled trials examining the effects of exercise interventions on episodic memory in patients with depression. Two researchers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. A three-level meta-analysis was performed to calculate the pooled effect size (Hedges' g), and subgroup analyses were conducted to explore moderating variables.

Results: A total of 13 randomized controlled trials (1098 participants) were included. Exercise showed a significant small-to-moderate positive effect on episodic memory in patients with depression (g = 0.210, 95% CI [0.10, 0.32]). Descriptively, significant improvements were observed for delayed recall (g = 0.213) and immediate recall (g = 0.206), whereas the effect for total learning was not significant (g = 0.243). No significant differences were found across memory indices or exercise characteristics (all ps > 0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the findings, and the certainty of evidence was rated as moderate.

Conclusion: Exercise may provide small-to-moderate benefits for the episodic memory of patients with depression. No significant differences were observed among different memory indices or exercise characteristics, suggesting that these benefits are generally consistent under the conditions studied. Future research should standardize the assessment of episodic memory, extend the follow-up period, and further determine the optimal exercise prescriptions and its underlying mechanisms.

Background: Ketamine is an effective rapid-acting treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD), producing antidepressant effects within hours of administration. Because it induces states of heightened neuroplasticity and psychological openness, psychotherapy may enhance its therapeutic effects.

Methods: This exploratory, nonrandomized, open-label clinical trial evaluated the adjunctive effects of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) in an outpatient setting. Forty-six patients with TRD received eight weekly sessions of subcutaneous esketamine (0.5-1.0 mg/kg) and were sequentially allocated to esketamine alone (KET, n = 23) or esketamine plus KAP (n = 23). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) during treatment and at follow-up assessments up to six months after protocol completion.

Results: Both groups showed significant reductions in depressive symptoms. MADRS scores were significantly lower in the KAP group at the seventh and eighth sessions (p = 0.015 and p = 0.041). At treatment completion, response and remission rates were 52.2% and 34.8% in the KET group versus 78.3% and 78.3% in the KAP group; the between-group difference was significant only for remission (p = 0.007). BDI-II scores also indicated earlier subjective improvement in the KAP group. No significant between-group differences were observed during the six-month follow-up.

Conclusions: These findings suggest that structured psychotherapeutic support may accelerate symptomatic improvement and increase remission rates during subcutaneous esketamine treatment for TRD, without improving the durability of response. Randomized controlled trials are needed to clarify the specific contribution of psychotherapy, investigate the mechanisms underlying this interaction, and optimize integrated treatment approaches.

Epigenomic and epitranscriptomic alterations-particularly RNA methylations such as N⁶-methyladenosine (m6A), N⁵-methylcytosine (m5C), N¹-methyladenosine (m1A), and N⁷-methylguanosine (m7G)-are increasingly recognized as pivotal regulators in the pathobiology of colorectal cancer (CRC) and other highly prevalent disorders. Despite their growing clinical and biological relevance, rapid and robust electrochemical strategies enabling the single (m1A, m7G) or multiplexed quantification of these RNA modifications remain unavailable. Herein, we report an indirect competitive, four-analyte amperometric immunoassay that enables the simultaneous determination of m6A, m5C, m1A, and m7G. BSA-conjugated methylated synthetic nucleotides covalently attached to magnetic carboxylated microsized-beads (HOOC-MμBs) competed with freely methylated nucleotides in the target sample for specific anti-epimark detection antibodies. Thereafter, labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (Ab2-HRP) enabled amperometric readout at screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for single or multiplexed transduction. The developed bioplatforms exhibited high selectivity, negligible cross-interference, and a significantly reduced assay time (30 min), supporting their integration into a robust multiplexed format. Application in CRC cellular scenarios, using only nanograms of total RNA, allowed differential profiling of basal and pathway-activated states across five cell lines, revealing distinct RNA methylation patterns associated with diverse biological and genetic backgrounds. Moreover, as proof of concept, an octuple-detection configuration was implemented for parallel analysis of the four methylations in two cell types, wild-type and harboring the clinically relevant KRAS G12V mutation, allowing the evaluation of associations between the target epimark expression levels and this oncogenic point mutation.

Dual-mode sensing can enhance detection reliability by cross-validating results from distinct signals. Herein, a colorimetric and turbidimetric dual-mode sensing platform based on Cu₂O@Ag nanozyme with robust oxidase-like activity is developed for point-of-use (POU) detection of demeton. The Cu₂O@Ag efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), producing concurrent absorbance and turbidity signals. Demeton blocks active sites and suppresses catalytic activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on the principle, two modes for POU testing of demeton are developed. The first mode is based on a smartphone-assisted colorimetric swab and shows a linear range of 50 - 4000 ng/mL with the detection limit of 0.190 ng/mL. The other is based on a portable turbidimeter and exhibits a linear detection range of 50 to 3000 ng/mL with a detection limit of 2.997 ng/mL. The approaches are successfully validated in real food samples including baby cabbage, lettuce, cilantro, and tea leaves. This work presents a rapid, low-cost, and instrument-flexible dual-mode sensing strategy for on-site analysis of demeton residue. Also, the dual-mode detection based on colorimetric and turbidimetric signals for the first time offers a novel insight for dual-mode sensing.

A direct, singular causal relationship between the objective variable and spectral data underpins reliable and robust prediction models that avoid spurious correlations. However, machine learning models often lack causal interpretability due to their "black-box" nature. To address this, we developed the Causal Analysis via Kernel Estimation (CAKE), a framework that reveals single-component bands using only variables from the calibration model. CAKE employs an information-theoretic approach by calculating the differences in mutual information between variables and regression residuals to indicate causal direction. A Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) classifier further distinguishes causal structures prone to spurious correlations. The framework was optimized on simulated data and validated on real-world spectral measurements. Seven causal structures were constructed for the simulated data, while real-world data came from near-infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy of three-solvent mixtures (dimethyl sulfoxide, ethylene glycol, and glycerol). Three causality types - spectral bands with a single direct cause, hidden causes, and confounders - were distinctly characterized by density functions within the framework, enabling the accurate classification of all single-component bands into their respective causal structures. Compared with post-hoc approaches, such as external model validation and common variable selection indices, CAKE identifies reliable spectral bands that exclude spurious correlations across diverse spectroscopic applications while operating independently of the calibration process and requiring no prior knowledge of pure spectra. Although CAKE is designed as a pre-calibration method rather than a prediction-optimized variable selector, it achieves improved predictive accuracy, demonstrating that causal reliability and practical performance are not mutually exclusive.

Hypoglycemia, a serious complication of diabetes, requires prompt identification of its underlying cause. Unlike conventional lock-and-key methods, which generally require a dedicated sensor for each analyte, we constructed a supramolecular fluorescent sensor array for multiplex oral antidiabetic drug (OAD) detection using only two sensing units: cucurbit[8]uril (Q[8]) as the host, along with a synthesized bpep-Am derivative and palmatine as fluorescent probes. Upon introduction of OADs, competitive guest displacement generates differential fluorescence "fingerprints". In combination with linear discriminant analysis, the array fully discriminated five OADs (metformin, phenformin, buformin, rosiglitazone, and sitagliptin), with a detection limit as low as 0.218 μM, 100% classification accuracy in artificial urine and guinea pig serum, and >93% recovery for spiked sitagliptin and phenformin. The sensor array was further integrated into a smartphone-enabled portable device for rapid on-site visual quantification of sitagliptin. This strategy provides a promising tool for OAD screening and assessment of hypoglycemia etiology.

Objective: The episodic nature of bipolar disorder (BD) and the substantial variability in mood recurrences between individuals, emphasize the need for accurate prediction tools. The original Course and Outcome of Bipolar Youth (COBY) recurrence risk calculator (RC) estimates threshold recurrence risk, but its performance for subthreshold recurrences has not been established. This study extended the COBY RC to predict both threshold and subthreshold recurrences and evaluated its performance in an independent sample.

Method: Adolescents and young adults with BD-I/II (N = 51; BD-I: 38, BD-II: 13; 14-24 years old) were assessed with standard instruments at intake and during follow-up on average every 6 months for a median of 54 weeks. Model performance for predicting threshold and subthreshold recurrence was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), with additional assessments of calibration and variable importance.

Results: The model demonstrated good discrimination of any recurrence within the next six months (threshold AUC = 0.72; subthreshold or worse AUC = 0.77). Calibration analyses indicated systematic risk overestimation in the external sample, plausibly reflecting differences in ascertainment (prospective vs. retrospective) and prior remission length. Recalibration greatly improved calibration without reducing discrimination.

Conclusion: The COBY RC showed good discrimination for both threshold and subthreshold recurrences in an independent young adult cohort, extending prior youth and adult validations. These findings support its potential utility for personalized monitoring and early intervention across developmental stages and symptom severity.