Clinical and Experimental Dental Research最新文献

Objective

To assess how chronotherapy influences recovery after bilateral third molar extraction when Dexketoprofen is administered as an anti-inflammatory agent.

Material and Methods

A randomized cross-over controlled trial with 10 patients with bilateral impacted third molar extraction was enrolled. For 7 days after the surgery, the chronotherapy group was prescribed one dose of Dexketoprofen (25 mg) limited to daytime, while the control group were given two doses per day (every 12 h). Pain intensity was recorded at baseline, 24, 48, and 72 h, while facial swelling parameters were evaluated at baseline, 24, 72, and 168 h (Day 7) postoperatively. Also, the inflammatory profile was analyzed for each patient by blood samples at baseline, 72 and 168 h. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-1a, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-7, IL-10, and IL-13 were measured using high-sensitivity multiplex map human immunoassays.

Results

No significant differences in postoperative VAS pain, swelling, and mouth opening (trismus) measures were observed between the two groups. However, the chronotherapy group had reduced overall postoperative complications compared to the control group. Regarding postoperative recovery, pain intensity scores in the chronotherapy group at 24, 48, and 72 h indicated a faster recovery than the control group. Blood samples analysis showed no statistical differences between the different inflammatory markers studied at 72 h or Day 7 in both groups.

Conclusions

Daytime administration of NSAIDs might be sufficient to manage postoperative pain after third molar extraction, and complications were similar between both groups.

Clinical Trial Registration: clinicaltrials. gov, Identifier database: NCT05176158.

Purpose

Guided endodontics allows precise access in challenging cases such as calcified canals; however, drilling can generate temperature increases that risk damaging periradicular tissues. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different sleeve materials—zirconia, cobalt-chromium (CoCr), and titanium—on temperature changes during guided endodontic access using finite-element analysis (FEA).

Materials and Methods

High-resolution three-dimensional (3D) models of a human central incisor and titanium sleeve were developed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), 3D Slicer, Meshmixer, and SolidWorks. FEA simulations were conducted in Abaqus under a 2° deviation and 700 rpm drilling, with thermal properties based on literature. Experimental validation employed thermocouples to determine the temperature changes under identical conditions.

Results

Results showed that zirconia sleeves produced the lowest temperature elevation (< 10°C) with localized concentration, while CoCr and titanium allowed more even heat dissipation.

Conclusion

Zirconia is an effective insulator due to its thermal conductivity properties. CoCr has emerged as a promising alternative to titanium, offering more favorable thermal and mechanical characteristics.

Objectives

Hypericum perforatum L. offers several beneficial effects, for example antioxidant, antitumor, wound healing. Our aim was to ascertain the effect of H. perforatum extract gum on salivary Streptococcus mutans count, pH, plaque index, and gingival bleeding.

Materials and Methods

A total of 54 participants were assigned into two groups of gum with or without herbal extract. Unstimulated saliva was collected to assess Streptococcus mutans and pH.

Results

Statistically significant differences in plaque index were observed between before and after use of gum in both groups (p < 0.01). There was a significant difference in plaque index after applying H. perforatum gum compared to placebo (p < 0.01). Statistically significant differences in gum bleeding between before and after use of herbal gum were observed (p < 0.01), but no significant difference was observed in gum bleeding between before and after gum use in placebo group (p = 0.24). A significant difference was observed in gum bleeding between herbal and placebo groups (p < 0.01). There was significant difference in Streptococcus mutans count between before and after gum use in both groups in two measurements (p < 0.01). Further, there was a significant difference in Streptococcus mutans count between herbal gum and placebo groups in two measurements (p < 0.01). Significant differences were observed in salivary pH between before and after consuming gum in herbal gum and placebo groups (p < 0.01 and p = 0.003, respectively). No significant difference in salivary pH was observed between two groups (p = 0.07).

Conclusions

Our results revealed gum formulation of H. perforatum extract had significant effects on lowering salivary Streptococci mutans count, plaque index, and gingival bleeding compared to gum without extract group as well as their amounts before gum use. Although both gums elevated salivary pH, there was no statistically significant difference in short-term measurements. Under the conditions of this study, H. perforatum gum can be considered a promising adjutant for oral health improvement.

Objective

The aim of the present study was to examine whether the parental socioeconomic status of children was related to the number of orthodontic visits or orthodontic care from birth to adolescence.

Material and Methods

The analyses are based on data from the Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) study in a population sample of 504 children aged 7–9 years at baseline in 2007–2009. Parental education and household income at baseline were used as indicators of parental socioeconomic status. The number of orthodontic visits from birth to the age of 16 years was obtained from local healthcare registers.

Results

On average, the participants had 16.1 (standard deviation [SD] 15.6) orthodontic visits during the follow-up period of 15.9 (SD 0.72) years. Of the participants, 58% had received orthodontic care, defined as at least six orthodontic visits including at least one orthodontic procedure and not just screening visits, and they had, on average, 25.8 (SD 14.1) orthodontic visits over the follow-up. Neither parental education nor household income was associated with the number of orthodontic visits or receiving orthodontic care during the follow-up. For instance, compared to low parental education and income groups, high education (−2.86; 95% confidence interval: −6.75; 1.03) and income groups (−0.08; 95% confidence interval: −4.66; 4.51) did not have considerably different numbers of orthodontic visits over the follow-up. Among children from families with lower parental education who received orthodontic care, boys had, on average, 21 visits (95% confidence interval: 16; 26) and girls had 31 visits (95% confidence interval: 25; 36).

Conclusions

Parental socioeconomic status did not seem to affect the number of orthodontic visits or the receipt of orthodontic care among children living in the city of Kuopio, Finland.

Clinical Trial Registration

The Physical Activity and Nutrition in Children (PANIC) Study (PANIC) was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01803776

Objectives

This study used three-dimensional (3D) finite-element analysis (FEA) to investigate the effect of different implant placement strategies on the biomechanical behavior of implant-supported maxillary overdentures, and provide an initial guide to clinical treatment.

Materials and Methods

For an edentulous maxilla, six different implant-supported overdenture models with various implant placement strategies were created using CATIA software. The reference model (5R-3R-3L-5L) featured symmetrical implant placement in the canine and second premolar regions bilaterally. Five additional models incorporated asymmetrical implant placement strategies: 5R-3R-1L-3L, 5R-2R-3L-5L, 5R-4R-3L-5L, 4R-3R-3L-5L, and 6R-3R-3L-5L. All models had identical bone properties, prosthetic components, material characteristics, and loading conditions. The geometric models were analyzed using ANSYS 24.0 Workbench software. The maximum principal stress for bone, and stress distribution patterns were analyzed, and the performance of the models was compared with the symmetrical reference model.

Results

The quantitative and qualitative results showed that the implant placement strategy significantly influenced the magnitude and distribution of stress. The symmetrical implant placement strategy demonstrated the most favorable stress distribution, with the lowest maximum stress values in positions 5 R (2.69 MPa), 3 R (2.25 MPa), 3 L (2.16 MPa), and 5 L (3.24 MPa). Placement of implants in the anterior region resulted in stress concentration in the anterior region with maximum stress values at positions 5 R (3.24 MPa), 3 L (3.96 MPa), 1 L (5.09 MPa), and 3 L (5.57 MPa). Asymmetrical implant placement strategies with increased anteroposterior distribution and more posterior placement also demonstrated favorable biomechanical performance. Certain asymmetrical patterns induced fulcrum effects, leading to heterogeneous stress distribution.

Conclusions

The symmetrical (5R-3R-3L-5L) implant placement may provide a more uniform stress distribution, which may enhance peri-implant bone preservation and long-term implant stability. Implant placement in the canine region should be prioritized, while mesially-positioned implants warrant clinical caution due to higher stress levels in bilaterally symmetrical implant placement strategies.

Objective

We assessed the reliability and validity of a self-report instrument to ascertain periodontitis risk.

Materials and Methods

A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in 2013 involving 454 adult people. The instrument included items on periodontal status such as self-perception of gum health, bleeding and gingival infection, halitosis, tooth mobility, and tooth loss. The periodontal clinical condition was assessed using the Periodontal Screening and Recording Index. Construct validity was evaluated by exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) were calculated as well. Reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha.

Results

The prevalence of clinically evaluated moderate (MP) and severe (SP) periodontitis was 49.3% and 28.9%, respectively. Two factors for both types of periodontitis were identified using EFA. The combination of self-report items and risk factors for periodontitis showed an AUC-ROC of 0.660 (sensitivity 97.3%, specificity 3%) for MP and 0.804 (sensitivity 96.9%, specificity 28.3%) for SP.

Conclusions

EFA showed two factors that accounted for the baseline and outcome stage of periodontitis and better predicted the risk of SP. This instrument can be an alternative for monitoring this disease at the population level.

Objectives

The Janus kinase (JAK)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (STAT) pathway plays a crucial role in oral inflammatory diseases such as oral lichen planus (OLP) and periodontitis. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) is a cytokine that activates the JAK/STAT pathway. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the JAK1/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib on IFN-γ-driven inflammation in oral keratinocytes.

Material and Methods

Human oral keratinocytes (OKG4) were stimulated with 10 ng/mL IFN-γ to assess the expression and phosphorylation status of JAK1, JAK2, STAT1, STAT2, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1. Ruxolitinib (1 µM) was used to inhibit IFN-γ-induced signaling. Analyses were performed using Western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, and cell viability assays.

Results

IFN-γ significantly upregulated pSTAT1 at 30 min (control: 1.00 ± 0.00, IFN-γ: 29.17 ± 9.26, p = 0.0013), with sustained activation after 24 h (IFN-γ: 29.49 ± 18.26, p = 0.0127). HLA-DRB1 expression was also increased (control: 1.00 ± 0.00, IFN-γ: 3.51 ± 1.28, p = 0.0127). Co-treatment with IFN-γ and ruxolitinib reduced both pSTAT1 (p = 0.3448) and HLA-DRB1 (p = 0.3448) expression to baseline levels. Ruxolitinib had no effect on cell viability (p > 0.9999).

Conclusions

IFN-γ induces robust and sustained activation of STAT1 and upregulation of HLA-DRB1 in oral keratinocytes, both effectively suppressed by ruxolitinib. These findings underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting the JAK/STAT pathway in oral inflammatory diseases.

Objectives

This in vitro investigation evaluated the microshear bond strength (µSBS) of composite resin to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and a modified polycarboxylate cement containing potassium nitrate (PCC/KNO₃), both utilized as pulpotomy materials. The performance of two universal adhesives was compared, applied using self-etch (SE) and etch-and-rinse (E&R) strategies.

Materials and Methods

A total of 192 cylindrical acrylic specimens (2 cm height × 1 cm diameter) with a central cavity (4 mm diameter × 2 mm depth) were fabricated and filled with either MTA or PCC/KNO₃ (n = 96 each). These were further divided into eight experimental subgroups (n = 12) based on adhesive type (All-Bond Universal or Gluma Bond Universal), adhesive application method (SE or E&R), and storage duration (24 h or 7 days). After resin composite application, all specimens were stored in 100% humidity at 37°C for 24 h prior to µSBS testing. Data were analyzed using four-way ANOVA and independent t-tests (α = 0.05).

Results

PCC/KNO₃ exhibited significantly greater bond strength than MTA at both 24-h (p < 0.001) and 7-day (p = 0.030) intervals. Neither the adhesive type (p = 0.355) nor the application method (p = 0.358) significantly affected bond strength. Over time, µSBS values increased for MTA in some groups, while a significant decline was observed in most PCC/KNO₃ subgroups.

Conclusion

Due to its superior early bond strength and compatibility with immediate restoration, PCC/KNO₃ shows potential as a viable alternative to MTA in vital pulp therapy, regardless of the adhesive strategy employed.

Objectives

Acellular xenogeneic matrices are becoming increasingly popular for periodontal and peri-implant soft tissue augmentation and recession coverage. This study aimed to investigate the behavior of bone-derived stromal cells cultured onto three commercially available collagen membranes (Fibro-Gide®, mucoderm®, and NovoMatrix®).

Methods

Cells were isolated from alveolar bone chips of four adult healthy patients and were separately seeded on the membranes. Cells cultured in the absence of biomaterials were used as a control. Number and viability of cells on and around the membranes were evaluated at different timepoints. Actin cytoskeleton change was visualized with phalloidin staining. Markers for adhesion (VCAM-1, FAK, and fibronectin) were assessed by immunofluorescence.

Results

The number and viability of cells grown on the membranes were significantly lower than those of the controls at D7. Moreover, cells grown on and around all three membranes showed changes in actin cytoskeleton reminiscent of stress fibers. Cells grown around NovoMatrix® also show reduced viability. The three membranes had no effect on the adhesion markers of cells growing around them.

Conclusions

All three membranes resulted in a reduction in viability and increased cell stress of adherent cells compared to the control. A reduced viability was detected, in particular, in cells growing around NovoMatrix®. Morphologically, the cells showed signs of stress. This reaction indicates that the membranes may release substances that could impair the healing process in vivo, especially in the case of fast degradation.