Current Opinion in Neurobiology最新文献

英文中文

ALS-related proteinopathies: From TDP-43 to mitochondrial proteinopathies als相关蛋白病变：从TDP-43到线粒体蛋白病变

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103163

Emmanuelle C. Genin , Véronique Paquis-Flucklinger

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of motor neurons. ALS often overlaps clinically and pathologically with frontotemporal dementia (FTD), the second most common form of dementia. Like many neurodegenerative disorders, both ALS and FTD share a crucial pathological hallmark, the aggregation of misfolded proteins into insoluble inclusions in degenerating neurons. This process is referred to as proteinopathy. This review focuses on the proteinopathies associated with ALS, including aggregates of TDP-43, SOD1, FUS, and CHCHD10, which disrupt critical cellular processes such as RNA metabolism, mitochondrial function, and protein homeostasis. The review highlights to the identification of new types of mitochondrial and cytosolic aggregates linked to CHCHD10-related ALS. Although the precise pathological mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated, strategies aimed at restoring proteostasis and reducing protein aggregation may be promising therapeutic approaches for treating ALS, as they directly target fundamental pathogenic mechanisms.

肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS）是一种致命的神经退行性疾病，其特征是运动神经元的进行性丧失。ALS通常在临床和病理上与额颞叶痴呆（FTD）重叠，额颞叶痴呆是第二常见的痴呆形式。像许多神经退行性疾病一样，ALS和FTD都有一个重要的病理特征，即在退化的神经元中错误折叠的蛋白质聚集成不溶性包涵体。这个过程被称为蛋白质病。这篇综述的重点是与ALS相关的蛋白质病变，包括TDP-43、SOD1、FUS和CHCHD10的聚集，它们会破坏关键的细胞过程，如RNA代谢、线粒体功能和蛋白质稳态。这篇综述的重点是鉴定与chchd10相关的ALS相关的新型线粒体和细胞质聚集体。虽然确切的病理机制仍有待完全阐明，但旨在恢复蛋白质平衡和减少蛋白质聚集的策略可能是治疗ALS的有希望的治疗方法，因为它们直接针对基本的致病机制。

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引用次数: 0

The challenges of experimental pharmacology in identifying novel treatments for Parkinson's disease 实验药理学在确定帕金森病新疗法中的挑战

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103164

Margaux Teil , Philippe Huot

An important part of the field of experimental pharmacology encompasses the study of the effects of molecules in animals. In the case of Parkinson's disease (PD), animal models have played an invaluable role in refining our understanding of the disease, in characterizing the effect of new compounds on the illness, and in bringing new treatments to the clinic. Indeed, it is now hardly conceivable that a drug would be tested in humans if several parameters pertaining to safety, toxicology, efficacy, etc. had not previously been evaluated in animal models. Quite unfortunately, efficacy in experimental models of PD does not necessarily guarantee positive clinical outcomes. In this article, which primarily focusses on the past five years, we review drugs that entered clinical trials for the treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia, parkinsonism, disease modification, and had previously been assessed in animal models of PD. The drugs discussed are buspirone, JM-010, befiradol, mesdopetam, foliglurax, dipraglurant, tavapadon, prasinezumab, cinpanemab, nilotinib, minzasolmin, exenatide, NLY01, liraglutide, lixisenatide, and semaglutide. For each molecule, we examine how previous preclinical studies succeeded or failed in predicting efficacy in clinical trials and discuss possible ways to optimize animal-model design and selection to maximize the probability of translational success.

实验药理学领域的一个重要组成部分包括对分子在动物中的作用的研究。在帕金森病（PD）的案例中，动物模型在完善我们对疾病的理解，描述新化合物对疾病的影响以及将新的治疗方法引入临床方面发挥了宝贵的作用。事实上，如果一种药物之前没有在动物模型中进行过安全性、毒理学、有效性等方面的评估，那么现在很难想象这种药物会在人类身上进行测试。非常不幸的是，PD实验模型的疗效并不一定保证积极的临床结果。在这篇文章中，主要集中在过去的五年里，我们回顾了进入临床试验的药物，用于治疗左旋多巴诱导的运动障碍、帕金森病、疾病改变，以及之前在PD动物模型中进行的评估。所讨论的药物有丁吡酮、JM-010、贝非拉多、美塞哌坦、福莱格鲁、双普拉格朗、他伐巴东、普拉西单抗、辛帕那单抗、尼罗替尼、米沙索明、艾塞那肽、NLY01、利拉鲁肽、利西塞那肽和semaglutide。对于每个分子，我们检查了以前的临床前研究如何成功或失败地预测临床试验中的疗效，并讨论了优化动物模型设计和选择的可能方法，以最大限度地提高转化成功的可能性。

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引用次数: 0

Bridging the gap between physics and biology of hearing: Timing and amplification 弥合物理和听觉生物学之间的差距：时间和放大

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103148

Christine Petit , Paul Avan

In mammals, the exquisite sensitivity and frequency selectivity of sound analysis rests on properly timed cycle-by-cycle feedback that compensates for friction and tunes the mechanical resonances of the auditory sensory organ. This feedback must operate at the highest audible frequencies, more than 100 kHz in some species, a feat given that it relies upon voltage-driven conformation changes of a protein called prestin, which forms an array along the lateral membrane of outer hair cell endowing them with electromotility. In the first place, the voltage that actuates prestin results from mechanotransduction of sound-induced vibrations by a mechanosensitive protein complex hosted in hair cell microvilli called stereocilia, whose nanometric deflections must ensure ion channel activation within microseconds. Many molecular assemblies and configurations allowing mechanosensitive detection to be pushed to such physical scales in terms of displacement and time, a unique requirement of hearing among mechanosensory systems, are still under active investigations.

在哺乳动物中，声音分析的灵敏度和频率选择性依赖于适当的周期反馈，这种反馈补偿了摩擦，调节了听觉器官的机械共振。这种反馈必须在最高可听频率下运行，在某些物种中超过100千赫，这是一项壮举，因为它依赖于电压驱动的一种叫做prestin的蛋白质的构象变化，prestin沿着外毛细胞的外侧膜形成阵列，赋予它们电运动性。首先，驱动prestin的电压来自于毛细胞微绒毛（称为立体纤毛）中的机械敏感蛋白复合物对声音引起的振动的机械转导，其纳米级的偏转必须确保离子通道在微秒内被激活。许多分子组合和结构允许机械敏感检测在位移和时间方面被推到这样的物理尺度，这是机械感觉系统中听觉的独特要求，目前仍在积极研究中。

引用次数: 0

Sexually dimorphic neural circuits underlying mating behaviors: Insights from worms, flies, and mice 交配行为背后的两性二态神经回路：来自蠕虫、苍蝇和老鼠的见解。

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103151

Xia-Jing Tong , Fei Wang , Xiaohong Xu

In sexually reproducing animals, males and females are biologically specialized to produce sperm or eggs, which must unite through mating to ensure successful reproduction. To facilitate this, each sex displays sex-specific, often stereotyped, mating behaviors orchestrated by neural circuits that undergo sexual differentiation during development. Extensive anatomical mapping and functional dissection in genetically tractable model organisms, including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Mus musculus, have revealed many sexually dimorphic neuronal populations and neural circuits. While previous reviews have offered broad cross-species comparisons of such sex differences in the nervous system [1,2], here we take a more focused approach. We specifically examine the neural substrates underlying mating behaviors across these three species, aiming to highlight shared principles in circuit architecture and to advance the emerging concept of connectome sex.

在有性繁殖的动物中，雄性和雌性在生物学上是专门产生精子或卵子的，它们必须通过交配结合才能确保成功繁殖。为了促进这一点，每一种性别都表现出性别特异性的、通常是刻板的、由发育过程中经历性别分化的神经回路精心安排的交配行为。在遗传易学的模式生物中，包括秀丽隐杆线虫、黑腹果蝇和小家鼠，广泛的解剖图谱和功能解剖揭示了许多两性二态的神经元群体和神经回路。虽然以前的评论已经提供了神经系统性别差异的跨物种比较[1,2]，但在这里我们采取了更集中的方法。我们特别研究了这三个物种交配行为背后的神经基质，旨在强调电路结构的共同原则，并推进连接体性别的新兴概念。

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “New insights into axonal regulators of dopamine transmission in health and disease” [Curr Op Neurobiol 94 (2025) 103093] “对健康和疾病中多巴胺传递轴突调节因子的新见解”的更正[Curr Op Neurobiol 94(2025) 103093]。

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103147

Kathryn L. Todd , Kaitlyn M.L. Cramb , Katherine R. Brimblecombe , Stephanie J. Cragg

引用次数: 0

Editorial overview: Molecular neuroscience 编辑概述：分子神经科学。

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103145

Yulong Li, Peter Scheiffele

引用次数: 0

Forward and backward prediction in learning and perception 学习和感知中的前向和后向预测。

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103144

Floris P. de Lange , Clare Press

Predictive processing frameworks have emphasized the role of forward prediction as a critical ingredient for learning and perceptual inference. We anticipate sensory events that are likely in the future on the basis of past and current sensory events. By comparing these forward predictions against incoming input, we can obtain an accurate estimate of the environment (i.e. perceive) and improve the predictions themselves (i.e. learn). Interestingly however, research in the field of statistical learning has taught us that backward predictive relationships - reflecting the probability of past events given present events - are learnt equally well. This questions the privileged status of forward-looking mechanisms. Here we discuss commonalities and differences between implications for learning and perception. We conclude that while forward and backward predictive relationships both shape learning, we retrieve future, but not past, predicted states during perception.

预测处理框架强调了前向预测作为学习和感知推理的关键成分的作用。我们在过去和现在的感觉事件的基础上预测未来可能发生的感觉事件。通过将这些前向预测与输入进行比较，我们可以获得对环境的准确估计（即感知）并改进预测本身（即学习）。然而，有趣的是，统计学习领域的研究告诉我们，反向预测关系——反映过去事件给定当前事件的概率——同样可以很好地学习。这对前瞻性机制的特权地位提出了质疑。在这里，我们讨论学习和感知暗示之间的共性和差异。我们的结论是，虽然向前和向后的预测关系都影响了学习，但我们在感知过程中获取的是未来而不是过去的预测状态。

引用次数: 0

Gene therapy for Parkinson’s disease—Ample room for optimism 帕金森氏症的基因疗法——有足够的乐观空间

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103150

Ivette M. Sandoval , Michael F. Salvatore , Fredric P. Manfredsson

The prospect of successful use of gene therapy to treat neurological disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), can be increased by understanding the molecular etiology underlying disease symptoms and neurodegeneration. The major hurdle of safety for gene therapy use in central nervous system disorders has been cleared; with now ∼20 years since the first gene therapy clinical trial for PD, and with a large number of patients having received various treatments, the field has generated a large body of data with an impeccable safety record. As our understanding of the targetable components of disease processes evolves, so too do the tools available to target these processes. Viral vectors based on adeno-associated virus have undergone significant advancements in the last decade, including capsid improvements, enhanced production methods, and recombinant genome design. Although the etiopathology(ies) underlying PD is (are) yet to be defined, a number of therapeutic modalities with broad preclinical support have been, and are being, tested in humans. This includes proteins providing symptomatic relief, neuromodulation, monogenic correction, and neurotrophic support. The leading therapeutic gene therapy candidate has been glial cell line–derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) or the closely related protein neurturin. Although clinical studies are still ongoing, recent work shows that protein levels of GDNF receptors (GDNF family receptor alpha1 and receptor tyrosine kinase) decrease with disease. Therefore, it is possible that optimal use of gene therapy using GDNF, and other protective pathways, can only be realized with an incisive assessment of all components of a targeted signaling pathway. Nevertheless, current clinical candidates, paired with a strong upcoming preclinical data pipeline, are setting the stage for an exciting future for PD gene therapy.

通过了解潜在疾病症状和神经退行性变的分子病因学，成功使用基因疗法治疗包括帕金森病（PD）在内的神经系统疾病的前景可以增加。基因治疗用于中枢神经系统疾病的安全性的主要障碍已经被清除；PD基因治疗首次临床试验至今已过去了20年，大量患者接受了各种治疗，该领域产生了大量数据，安全性记录无可挑剔。随着我们对疾病过程可靶向成分的理解不断发展，针对这些过程的可用工具也在不断发展。基于腺相关病毒的病毒载体在过去十年中取得了重大进展，包括衣壳改进、生产方法改进和重组基因组设计。尽管PD的病因病理学尚未明确，但许多具有广泛临床前支持的治疗方式已经并正在进行人体试验。这包括提供症状缓解、神经调节、单基因校正和神经营养支持的蛋白质。主要的基因治疗候选药物是神经胶质细胞系来源的神经营养因子（GDNF）或与其密切相关的神经蛋白。尽管临床研究仍在进行中，但最近的研究表明，GDNF受体（GDNF家族受体α 1和受体酪氨酸激酶）的蛋白水平随着疾病而降低。因此，只有对目标信号通路的所有成分进行深入评估，才能实现使用GDNF和其他保护途径进行基因治疗的最佳使用。然而，目前的临床候选药物，加上即将到来的强大的临床前数据管道，正在为PD基因治疗的激动人心的未来奠定基础。

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引用次数: 0

Development of the social behavior network 社会行为网络的发展

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103159

Nolwenn Adam, Jessica Tollkuhn

Social behaviors are crucial for reproductive success and survival. In vertebrates, these behaviors are sexually dimorphic due to distinct hormonal environments in development and adulthood. The underlying neural pathways, collectively known as the social behavior network (SBN), consist of interconnected regions exhibiting sex-variable genomic, anatomical, and functional characteristics. While the structure and function of the adult SBN is increasingly well described, its embryonic origins and development remain poorly understood. All neural networks undergo extensive genomic and functional changes during development, but a unique feature of the SBN is its sensitivity to gonadal hormones. Transient developmental hormone signaling ultimately results in anatomic SBN sexual dimorphism and sex-variable behavioral repertoires. However, the precise mechanisms linking early life hormone signaling to the establishment of neural sex differences remain elusive. This review highlights recent findings on SBN development spanning embryonic timepoints to puberty, offering valuable perspectives to address this critical topic.

社会行为对繁殖成功和生存至关重要。在脊椎动物中，由于发育和成年时不同的激素环境，这些行为是两性二态的。潜在的神经通路，统称为社会行为网络（SBN），由相互连接的区域组成，表现出性别可变的基因组、解剖学和功能特征。虽然成人SBN的结构和功能越来越被很好地描述，但其胚胎起源和发育仍然知之甚少。所有神经网络在发育过程中都经历了广泛的基因组和功能变化，但SBN的一个独特特征是它对性腺激素的敏感性。短暂的发育激素信号最终导致解剖上的SBN性二态性和性别可变的行为表现。然而，将生命早期激素信号与神经性别差异的建立联系起来的确切机制仍然难以捉摸。这篇综述强调了从胚胎到青春期的SBN发育的最新发现，为解决这一关键问题提供了有价值的观点。

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of proteostasis in neuronal development and plasticity 蛋白质在神经元发育和可塑性中的作用机制

IF 5.2 2区医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Pub Date : 2026-02-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2025.103143

Beatriz Maio , Francesca Aria , Susana R. Louros , Emily K. Osterweil

The careful regulation of the protein lifecycle is important for cellular function, particularly during times of change. In neurons, the specializations needed to maintain the steady-state proteome at multiple subcellular domains and respond rapidly to activity have brought about unique mechanisms in messenger RNA (mRNA) translation and protein degradation. Recent research continues to illuminate these critical mechanisms, giving us a deeper understanding of the nervous system and identifying new targets for the treatment of neurological disorders. In this review, we highlight the new research shedding light on the mechanisms of proteostasis in brain development and plasticity. These studies emphasize the extent to which protein synthesis and degradation participate in brain function and how disruptions of proteostasis lead to disorders of the nervous system.

仔细调节蛋白质的生命周期对细胞功能是重要的，特别是在变化时期。在神经元中，维持蛋白质组在多个亚细胞结构域的稳态和对活动的快速反应所需的特化带来了信使RNA （mRNA）翻译和蛋白质降解的独特机制。最近的研究继续阐明这些关键机制，使我们对神经系统有了更深入的了解，并确定了治疗神经系统疾病的新靶点。在本文中，我们重点介绍了蛋白质停滞在大脑发育和可塑性中的新研究。这些研究强调了蛋白质合成和降解参与脑功能的程度，以及蛋白质平衡的破坏如何导致神经系统紊乱。

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全部化学•材料生命科学医学物理工程技术环境•农林材料科学地球科学法学管理学化学环境科学与生态学计算机科学教育学经济学农林科学人文科学生物学数学物理与天体物理心理学综合性期刊其他工业工程理学历史学农学文学信息工程

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