Advanced Materials Interfaces最新文献

Micro-electrode arrays based on poly-lactic acid substrates featuring gold electrodes coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(styrenesulfonate) are fabricated via maskless wet-techniques and subtractive laser patterning. Devices exhibit stable electrical performance at the bench-side over weeks and enable high-quality neural interfacing in acute in vivo experiments. Two device layouts are presented: one for micro-epicorticography and one for spinal cord stimulation. Cortical arrays are benchmarked against somatosensory evoked potentials in bilateral micro-electrocorticography, showing robust contralateral activation and negative ipsilateral control. Spinal arrays activate sensory and motor pathways according to spatial features of the injected electric field, at fixed stimulation frequency and intensity, thus demonstrating localized stimulation. Long-term (4-months) implantation of spinal arrays results in almost complete substrate degradation and good device biocompatibility. These results demonstrate a versatile and sustainable fabrication workflow for prototyping of biodegradable substrate-based neural interfaces, which opens new opportunities for transient neuroelectronics tailored to the application and the patient.

The growing demand for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and wearable devices has created an urgent need for energy storage systems for flexible and sustainable applications. Nonwoven-based textiles have recently attracted significant attention as promising platforms for such applications because of their unique features like high porosity, interconnected fiber networks, mechanical flexibility, and lightweight nature, which enable efficient ion transport, strong electrode-electrolyte interaction, and robust device performance. This review provides a comprehensive perspective on nonwoven-based textile materials for energy storage, focusing on materials design, fabrication strategies, characterization techniques, and potential applications. A range of material systems, including carbon fibers, conductive polymers, metal oxides, and hybrid nanocomposites are discussed, with how their integration into nonwoven frameworks can enhance electrochemical performance. Key fabrication approaches, such as electrospinning, melt-blowing, solvent casting, phase inversion, and surface functionalization, are examined in controlling fiber morphology, porosity, and conductivity. The review explores practical applications in supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, flexible electronics, and wearable energy devices, highlighting both their versatility and scalability. Finally, current challenges, such as large-scale production, long-term stability, and conductivity improvement, are discussed and suggest future research directions to overcome these barriers, emphasizing their potential to drive the next generation of efficient, flexible, and sustainable energy storage technologies.

We present a comparative soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study of the sulfur L₂,₃ and molybdenum M₂,₃ absorption edges in MoS₂ prepared by different fabrication routes, including bulk crystallization, mechanical exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and ionized jet deposition (IJD). The S L₂,₃ edges reveal pronounced differences in pre-edge and main-edge fine structure that sensitively reflect the degree of structural order, dimensionality, and electronic hybridization between S 3p and Mo 4d states. Bulk, exfoliated, and CVD-grown samples exhibit well-resolved multiple features characteristic of layered and ordered two-dimensional (2D) MoS₂, whereas as-deposited IJD-grown films display broadened, weakly structured spectra consistent with an amorphous phase and poorly defined stoichiometry. Upon moderate annealing at 250°C, IJD-grown films develop clear spectral signatures of layered MoS₂, indicating the formation of an ordered crystalline 2H-MoS₂ phase. Complementary analysis of the Mo M₂,₃ edges shows a concomitant narrowing and energy shift of the M₃ feature toward values typical of well-ordered 2D MoS₂. These results demonstrate that S L₂,₃ and Mo M₂,₃ XAS provide a sensitive probe of synthesis-dependent electronic structure in MoS₂ and confirm IJD as a viable, low-temperature route to electronically ordered 2D MoS₂ phases.

Flexible bioelectronic interfaces are transforming biomedical engineering by integrating electronic systems with soft biological tissues for in situ cell sensing and targeted therapy. Wide-bandgap semiconductors have emerged as promising materials due to their inherent biocompatibility, mechanical robustness, and stable semiconducting properties. We recently grew thin single-crystalline silicon carbide, a promising wide-bandgap material for bioelectronics, on silicon substrates. Nano-thin silicon carbide brings exciting new prospects to precise in-body therapeutics. However, the degradation of materials working in relatively corrosive environments of biofluids, especially with the application of electrical currents, presents a major challenge. In this study, we demonstrate the design, wafer-scale microfabrication process, and evaluation of a flexible cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) electrode system for cellular bioelectrical sensing and irreversible electroporation ablation of cancer cells. The electrode system exhibits excellent electrochemical stability and mechanical compliance in physiological environments, ensuring conformal contact with soft tissue. Electroporation procedures on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells demonstrated highly efficient cell lysis after a short application of monophasic current. Concurrently, the electrodes supported robust real-time recording of cellular activity, confirming their capability for sensing-and-actuation integration. Our results indicate a promising potential of wide-bandgap semiconductors for robust and multifunctional bioelectronic interfaces toward targeted theragnostic at cellular levels.

This work proposes a new terahertz (THz) photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor with an analyte-filled core for detecting hazardous food preservatives. It involves a polygonal core that acts as a sensor medium with a cladding portion consisting of air slots that are radially positioned to ensure enhanced confinement of electromagnetic fields and efficient interaction with light and analyte. This research uses potassium sorbate, sodium benzoate, and calcium propionate as sample analytes because these preservatives have similar refractive indices and are commonly used in foods. This study utilizes RI changes in the core filled with analyte for sensing. Numerical analysis will be performed using the FEM in COMSOL Multiphysics with a very fine mesh. Simulation is done at an operating wavelength of 2 THz, where good performance is observed. The maximum relative sensitivity values of 99.3556%, 99.2561%, and 99.1417% were obtained for calcium propionate, sodium benzoate, and potassium sorbate, respectively. Additionally, calcium propionate has been found to have the lowest confinement loss (2.51 × 10⁻⁹ cm⁻¹), NA (0.2775), AE (8.854 × 10⁻⁸ m²), and material loss (0.00225 cm⁻¹).These findings highlight the proposed PCF sensor as a highly sensitive and efficient platform for advanced food safety monitoring applications.

Electrochemical Quantum Capacitance

This image shows the electrochemical cell for measuring quantum capacitance, featuring an Ag/AgCl reference and graphite counter electrode (top right) with an MoS₂ working electrode (bottom center). The ionic liquid electrolyte [BMIM][BF₄] aligns on the working electrode surface and bulk solution. The magnified view illustrates the electron density around a single sulfur vacancy on the MoS₂ basal plane. More details can be found in the Research Article by Jihui Yang, Jun Liu, and co-workers (DOI: 10.1002/admi.202501051).

Modern optoelectronics demand highly efficient transparent heaters that concurrently suppress electromagnetic interference (EMI). To address this, we present a fully solution-processed, vacuum-free Ni–Cu(–O)/Ag nanowire platform stabilized by a silica-hybrid overcoat. The conformal Ni–Cu(–O) shell bridges interwire junctions, transforming fragile point contacts into robust pathways. This architectural breakthrough dramatically enhances Joule heating efficiency and thermal stability. At ∼75% transmittance, the ultrathin (55.6 nm) films deliver an exceptional heating performance up to 438°C (458°C·cm²·V⁻¹) without defect-driven failure, alongside extreme mechanical durability (ΔR/R₀ < 1% over ∼7000 bending cycles). Crucially, this high-performance heating platform also provides highly tunable EMI shielding. By tuning the Ni/Cu ratio, we effectively modulate the relative contributions of reflection and absorption loss. While high reflection governs far-field shielding (total effectiveness ≥ 32 dB), adequate non-reflective absorption is essential to dissipate trapped electromagnetic energy and prevent secondary internal reflections in integrated devices. Supported by direct near-field magnetic scanning, our tailored core–shell architecture introduces a vital dissipative channel that actively suppresses this local magnetic noise, ensuring supreme electrothermal heating while enabling optimal, on-demand EMI protection.

The increasing prevalence of impaired wounds, caused mainly by diabetes or aging, alongside the growing number of bacterial infections, indicates the need for alternative tissue engineering solutions. In this study, we developed novel melt electrowritten (MEW) polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds incorporated with an alginate (Alg)–gelatin (Gel)–xanthan gum (Xan) hydrogel (HD). Besides improving cell adhesion and biocompatibility, the HD served as a local delivery platform for clove oil-loaded mesoporous bioactive glass nanoparticles (MBGNs+CLV), providing antioxidant and antibacterial functionality. The morphological evaluation proved that the pores of the PCL MEW scaffolds were uniformly covered by an interconnected porous HD network embedding MBGNs+CLV. Importantly, the presence of MBGNs+CLV conferred the system with antioxidant and antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus, while increasing the viability of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF). At the same time, MBGNs+CLV-containing scaffolds showed a decrease in swelling and a delay in degradation, while CLV was released in a two-step manner. Thus, these findings highlight the potential of the MBGNs+CLV-loaded-HD-reinforced PCL MEW scaffolds as a convenient tissue engineering strategy for the treatment of skin wounds.

Biological systems often adapt to mechanical demands through localized tuning of material properties rather than morphological redesign. Here, we identify a natural strategy for functional optimization in gastropod radular teeth—microscale scraping tools subjected to substrate-dependent loading. Using scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and nanoindentation, we quantify structure–composition–property relationships across closely related taxa occupying soft to hard feeding substrates.

Tooth morphology remains largely conserved across taxa. In contrast, material composition and mechanical performance vary systematically with ecological demand. Soft-substrate feeders exhibit predominantly organic teeth with low stiffness and hardness (Young's modulus ≈3–4 GPa; hardness ≈0.30–0.40 GPa). Mixed feeders show moderate calcium enrichment and intermediate properties. Rock-scraping specialists display pronounced calcium and silicon incorporation, reaching stiffness and hardness values up to ≈10.8 and ≈1.1 GPa, respectively. Across all taxa, mechanical properties peak in the central radular region and decrease toward the margins, forming functional gradients that are most pronounced under high abrasion.

These results demonstrate that localized mineral reinforcement of an organic matrix enables substrate-specific mechanical optimization while maintaining conserved morphology. The radula thus represents a natural model of a functionally graded composite, illustrating how compositional modulation can precede structural change and providing design inspiration for abrasion-resistant synthetic materials.

Ultrawide-bandgap AlN is promising for next-generation power devices but is limited by unstable surface chemistry and defective oxides induced by high-temperature rapid thermal annealing (RTA). Here, we demonstrate a fluorination-based interface engineering strategy using AlF_x/SiN_x passivation for p-Si/n-AlN heterojunction diodes fabricated via semiconductor grafting. A low-damage pseudo-atomic layer etching process removes RTA-induced oxides, followed by XeF₂ treatment to form an ultrathin AlF_x layer, which is stabilized by an ALD-grown SiN_x capping layer. The engineered interface significantly suppresses defect-assisted leakage, reducing reverse current by several orders of magnitude while maintaining forward conduction. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal suppression of Poole–Frenkel emission, with the remaining high-field leakage likely associated with AlN epilayer quality. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirm reduced AlO_x formation and the formation of a stable SiO_x/SiON/AlF_x interfacial layer. These results establish AlF_x as an effective passivation scheme for low-leakage AlN-based heterojunction devices.