The character and the quality of the malt is affected during kilning. Mashing and wort quality is also affected during kilning of malt. Accordingly an experiment was conducted on the malt quality parameters for malts kilned in different temperature. In Ethiopia, there is high demand of quality malt for new emerging bear industries. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the effect of kilning temperature of selected barley variety Holker from Kulumusa research center Ethiopia. The kilning of germinated barley was performed at four different temperatures (50˚C, 70˚C, 90˚C and 110˚C) in order to produce four different malts. The experiment contained in combination of the four kilning temperatures laid out in complete randomized design with three replications. As a result, all investigated malt quality assessing parameters which includes the hot water extract, color, pH, malting weight loss and the wort viscosity were significantly different among the different treatment temperatures. Malts treated with 50˚C and 70˚C gave good malt quality containing higher hot water extract (79.7 and 75.17%), a normal color (2.32 and 2.63), standard pH (6.53 and 5.99), acceptable malting weight loss (0.60 and 1.55) and appropriate wort viscosity (1.66 and 1.62cp), respectively.
{"title":"Effect of Kilning Temperature on Some Physico-Chemical Properties of Malt","authors":"Leka Lencha, Tibebe Solomon","doi":"10.7176/fsqm/106-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/fsqm/106-01","url":null,"abstract":"The character and the quality of the malt is affected during kilning. Mashing and wort quality is also affected during kilning of malt. Accordingly an experiment was conducted on the malt quality parameters for malts kilned in different temperature. In Ethiopia, there is high demand of quality malt for new emerging bear industries. Thus, this research aims to evaluate the effect of kilning temperature of selected barley variety Holker from Kulumusa research center Ethiopia. The kilning of germinated barley was performed at four different temperatures (50˚C, 70˚C, 90˚C and 110˚C) in order to produce four different malts. The experiment contained in combination of the four kilning temperatures laid out in complete randomized design with three replications. As a result, all investigated malt quality assessing parameters which includes the hot water extract, color, pH, malting weight loss and the wort viscosity were significantly different among the different treatment temperatures. Malts treated with 50˚C and 70˚C gave good malt quality containing higher hot water extract (79.7 and 75.17%), a normal color (2.32 and 2.63), standard pH (6.53 and 5.99), acceptable malting weight loss (0.60 and 1.55) and appropriate wort viscosity (1.66 and 1.62cp), respectively.","PeriodicalId":12384,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Quality Management","volume":"8 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86355970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lima bean is a nutritious food legume. In addition to nutritional value of food product, its keeping quality and functional properties during storage are also important in determining the quality of the food for consumption. The study aimed at evaluating the microbial and functional properties of lima bean flour during storage. Lima bean was processed into flour, packaged in low density polyethylene bag and stored at ambient (28 ± 2 o C) temperature for twenty-four weeks. The stored samples were evaluated for microbial (Total viable count and mold count) and functional properties (Bulk density, water and oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, emulsion capacity and dispersibility). Total viable count (TVC) increased from 1.60 log cfu/g at week 0 to 4.25 log cfu/g at week 24 of storage. There was no mold growth till week 12 of storage. Mold count increased from 1.77 log cfu/g in week 12 to 3.77 log cfu/g in week 24. Both TVC and mold counts in the lima flour were far lower than the recommended limit of 10 6 cfu/g for TVC and 10 3 cfu/g for mold count respectively by International Microbiological Standards. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the bulk density of the lima bean flour at storage. Water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foam capacity, emulsion capacity and dispersibility decreased slightly with storage time. The study showed that lima bean flour is safe for consumption and can serve as a potential functional food ingredient in food products formulation without much changes in its functional properties over a period of twenty-four weeks.
{"title":"Changes in Microbial and Functional Properties of Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) Flour During Storage","authors":"E. O. Farinde","doi":"10.7176/fsqm/107-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/fsqm/107-05","url":null,"abstract":"Lima bean is a nutritious food legume. In addition to nutritional value of food product, its keeping quality and functional properties during storage are also important in determining the quality of the food for consumption. The study aimed at evaluating the microbial and functional properties of lima bean flour during storage. Lima bean was processed into flour, packaged in low density polyethylene bag and stored at ambient (28 ± 2 o C) temperature for twenty-four weeks. The stored samples were evaluated for microbial (Total viable count and mold count) and functional properties (Bulk density, water and oil absorption capacity, foaming capacity, emulsion capacity and dispersibility). Total viable count (TVC) increased from 1.60 log cfu/g at week 0 to 4.25 log cfu/g at week 24 of storage. There was no mold growth till week 12 of storage. Mold count increased from 1.77 log cfu/g in week 12 to 3.77 log cfu/g in week 24. Both TVC and mold counts in the lima flour were far lower than the recommended limit of 10 6 cfu/g for TVC and 10 3 cfu/g for mold count respectively by International Microbiological Standards. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the bulk density of the lima bean flour at storage. Water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity, foam capacity, emulsion capacity and dispersibility decreased slightly with storage time. The study showed that lima bean flour is safe for consumption and can serve as a potential functional food ingredient in food products formulation without much changes in its functional properties over a period of twenty-four weeks.","PeriodicalId":12384,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Quality Management","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75487677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Across-sectional study was conducted from October 30/2017-July 30/2019 to determine antibiotic residues in raw bulk milk in Tiyo and Digelu-Tijo milk shades. Qualitative analysis by using Delvotest SP was conducted to screen antibiotic residues. A total of 125 milk samples were collected for antibiotic screening test. From 125 milk samples screened 12% 15/125 were positive for antibiotic residues. The prevalence was associated with presence of mastitis, history of use of antibiotics for the treatment of disease in their farms and herd size. The higher prevalence of residues was found in the dairy farms with higher prevalence of mastitis that uses antibiotics commonly for the treatment of mastitis and other disease. The residue occurrence was also higher in dairy farm owners who use antibiotics by themselves for the treatment and prevention of dairy cattle disease than consulting to veterinary for the treatment of the infected animals. The prevalence were statistically significant at (p<0.05). Attention has to be paid to the presence of drug residues in milk by producers, processors and consumers to be aware about the health impact of consumption of antibiotic residue with milk. Finally the use of effective enforcement of milk quality and safety standards is essential to provide the public with safe and wholesome animal product particularly milk and milk products.
{"title":"Detection of Antibiotic Residue in Raw Bulk Milk in Tiyo and Digelu-Tijo Milk Shades of Arsi Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"M. Ambaw","doi":"10.7176/fsqm/107-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/fsqm/107-03","url":null,"abstract":"Across-sectional study was conducted from October 30/2017-July 30/2019 to determine antibiotic residues in raw bulk milk in Tiyo and Digelu-Tijo milk shades. Qualitative analysis by using Delvotest SP was conducted to screen antibiotic residues. A total of 125 milk samples were collected for antibiotic screening test. From 125 milk samples screened 12% 15/125 were positive for antibiotic residues. The prevalence was associated with presence of mastitis, history of use of antibiotics for the treatment of disease in their farms and herd size. The higher prevalence of residues was found in the dairy farms with higher prevalence of mastitis that uses antibiotics commonly for the treatment of mastitis and other disease. The residue occurrence was also higher in dairy farm owners who use antibiotics by themselves for the treatment and prevention of dairy cattle disease than consulting to veterinary for the treatment of the infected animals. The prevalence were statistically significant at (p<0.05). Attention has to be paid to the presence of drug residues in milk by producers, processors and consumers to be aware about the health impact of consumption of antibiotic residue with milk. Finally the use of effective enforcement of milk quality and safety standards is essential to provide the public with safe and wholesome animal product particularly milk and milk products.","PeriodicalId":12384,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Quality Management","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81527667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted with the objective of assessing factors associated with farm households’ food security status using primary data collected from 220 sample households from Walmara district, central Ethiopia. The multistage sampling technique was the sampling procedure followed to take the required sample. Descriptive and econometric data analyses were executed. The descriptive result revealed that sex of the head, access to credit services, access to extension contact, educational level of the household head, livestock holding, and land owned were positively related, while the occurrence of crop pests, age of the household head, dependency ratio, family size, market distance, and irrigation distance negatively related to household food security status. Logistic regression was the model used, and the result revealed that sex of the household head, livestock holding, land owned, access to extension contacts, access to irrigation services, and access to credit services showed a positive association, while the family size and dependency ratio negatively and significantly associated with household foods security status. Therefore, policies and strategies focusing on the provision of gender-based training, establishing irrigation facilities, promoting mixed farming of crop and livestock, and availing institutional facilities that providing financial and technical services to farm households are recommended as they contribute more in improving the food security status of farm households.
{"title":"Food Security Status and Its Determinant Factors in Central Ethiopia: Empirical Evidence from Walmara District","authors":"Gadisa Muleta, A. Getahun","doi":"10.7176/fsqm/108-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/fsqm/108-03","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted with the objective of assessing factors associated with farm households’ food security status using primary data collected from 220 sample households from Walmara district, central Ethiopia. The multistage sampling technique was the sampling procedure followed to take the required sample. Descriptive and econometric data analyses were executed. The descriptive result revealed that sex of the head, access to credit services, access to extension contact, educational level of the household head, livestock holding, and land owned were positively related, while the occurrence of crop pests, age of the household head, dependency ratio, family size, market distance, and irrigation distance negatively related to household food security status. Logistic regression was the model used, and the result revealed that sex of the household head, livestock holding, land owned, access to extension contacts, access to irrigation services, and access to credit services showed a positive association, while the family size and dependency ratio negatively and significantly associated with household foods security status. Therefore, policies and strategies focusing on the provision of gender-based training, establishing irrigation facilities, promoting mixed farming of crop and livestock, and availing institutional facilities that providing financial and technical services to farm households are recommended as they contribute more in improving the food security status of farm households.","PeriodicalId":12384,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Quality Management","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81730104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study was conducted in three selected districts of central rift valley of Oromia, Ethiopia with the objective to assess and prioritize the reasons of honeybee colony mobility. For this study, six peasant associations (PAs) were selected using purposive sampling techniques. From each PA, 20 beekeepers (a total of 120) were randomly selected and interviewed using pre-tested, structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software and descriptive statistics. Results of the study showed that the mean age of the respondents was 46.54 years, indicating an active and productive age. The beekeepers had an average experience of 5.76 years where male respondents (89.2%) take the largest share to be engaged in beekeeping activities. Ranking revealed that pests, predators and Diseases (17.6%), shortage of bee forage (15.8%), unwise application of agrochemicals (15%), honeybee colony absconding and migration (10%), shortage of bee colony (9.4%), high cost of honeybee equipments and accessories (8.1%), recurrent drought and deforestation (6.8%), shortage of water (4.6%), lack of knowledge (3.6%), poor extension services (2.7%), poor hive management (2.7%), inadequate of business support services (2.1%) and bee poisoning from plants (1.5%) the main constraints of beekeeping in the study area in their order of importance. The main causes of colony absconds and migration in the study area were pests and predators (21%), shortage of bee forage and water (20.6%), incessant disturbance or poor hive management (18.3%), unwise application of agrochemicals (13.9%), unfavorable weather condition (8.1%), in appropriate of honey harvesting techniques (3.97%) and unknown reasons (2.2%). The main month in which colony absconding occurs is from December to February. Beekeepers in the study area prevent the incidence of swarming by using large volume of hive (33%), suppering of hive (26%), removal of queen cells (19.7%), killing new emerged queen (11.7%) and swarming return back to the colony (10%). The study demonstrated that honey productions in the study area are hampered by several constraints and challenges. Therefore, large scale and comprehensive research on constraints and honeybee diseases are highly recommended to take in preventing colony mobility as identified in this study. Keywords: Absconding, constraints, honeybee, colony mobility, pests, swarming DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/108-01 Publication date: May 31 st 2021
{"title":"Investigating the Causes of Honeybee Colony Mobility in Central Rift Valley of Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"T. Beyene","doi":"10.7176/fsqm/108-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/fsqm/108-01","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in three selected districts of central rift valley of Oromia, Ethiopia with the objective to assess and prioritize the reasons of honeybee colony mobility. For this study, six peasant associations (PAs) were selected using purposive sampling techniques. From each PA, 20 beekeepers (a total of 120) were randomly selected and interviewed using pre-tested, structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software and descriptive statistics. Results of the study showed that the mean age of the respondents was 46.54 years, indicating an active and productive age. The beekeepers had an average experience of 5.76 years where male respondents (89.2%) take the largest share to be engaged in beekeeping activities. Ranking revealed that pests, predators and Diseases (17.6%), shortage of bee forage (15.8%), unwise application of agrochemicals (15%), honeybee colony absconding and migration (10%), shortage of bee colony (9.4%), high cost of honeybee equipments and accessories (8.1%), recurrent drought and deforestation (6.8%), shortage of water (4.6%), lack of knowledge (3.6%), poor extension services (2.7%), poor hive management (2.7%), inadequate of business support services (2.1%) and bee poisoning from plants (1.5%) the main constraints of beekeeping in the study area in their order of importance. The main causes of colony absconds and migration in the study area were pests and predators (21%), shortage of bee forage and water (20.6%), incessant disturbance or poor hive management (18.3%), unwise application of agrochemicals (13.9%), unfavorable weather condition (8.1%), in appropriate of honey harvesting techniques (3.97%) and unknown reasons (2.2%). The main month in which colony absconding occurs is from December to February. Beekeepers in the study area prevent the incidence of swarming by using large volume of hive (33%), suppering of hive (26%), removal of queen cells (19.7%), killing new emerged queen (11.7%) and swarming return back to the colony (10%). The study demonstrated that honey productions in the study area are hampered by several constraints and challenges. Therefore, large scale and comprehensive research on constraints and honeybee diseases are highly recommended to take in preventing colony mobility as identified in this study. Keywords: Absconding, constraints, honeybee, colony mobility, pests, swarming DOI: 10.7176/FSQM/108-01 Publication date: May 31 st 2021","PeriodicalId":12384,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Quality Management","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87311879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The safety of human food is threatened by various agents including pathogenic microorganisms, and antimicrobial agents. Antibiotics are natural products of a micro-organism, or similar semi-synthetic products that inhibit the growth or destroy microorganisms. Residues of veterinary medicines are defined as pharmacologically active substances, principles, or degradation products and their metabolites, which remain in foodstuffs obtained from animals that have been administered the veterinary medicine. The most common causes for the presence of antibiotic residues in food of animal origin are violation of withdrawal periods, overdosing of antibiotics and use of inaccurate routes of administration of drugs. Drug residues concentrations vary from tissue to tissue and are generally observed to be higher in tissues of storage such as body fat or in organs that actively metabolize and excrete them. Probably the most common way milk is contaminated by penicillin is through intra-mammary infusion of the drug in the treatment of mastitis. The presence of antibiotics or their metabolites in food is potentially hazardous to health as it may cause allergic reactions in people and antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. Some antibiotics like streptomycin, neomycin and gentamicin has been reported to cause damage to the kidney and to hearing. Allergic reaction to the human body mostly resulted from β -Lactam antibiotics. Anaphylactic reactions are reported to result from consumption of beef or pork containing penicillin. Drugs in which their residues induce cancer in humans or consumers are: nitrofurans, nitroimdazoles, etc. Antibiotics are invariably administered to dairy cattle, but their indiscriminate use, without adequate technical and veterinary control, can lead to a series of negative consequences at all levels of the dairy productive chain. Many antibacterial and anticoccidial drugs are licensed for use in poultry for treatment of enteric and respiratory disease. Potential adverse effects of drugs that appear as residues in food animals are: carcinogenic, allergic, toxic, neurologic disorder and microbiological effects.
{"title":"Drug Residues in Foods of Animal Origin and Their Impact on Human Health: Review","authors":"Tamirat Herago","doi":"10.7176/fsqm/108-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/fsqm/108-02","url":null,"abstract":"The safety of human food is threatened by various agents including pathogenic microorganisms, and antimicrobial agents. Antibiotics are natural products of a micro-organism, or similar semi-synthetic products that inhibit the growth or destroy microorganisms. Residues of veterinary medicines are defined as pharmacologically active substances, principles, or degradation products and their metabolites, which remain in foodstuffs obtained from animals that have been administered the veterinary medicine. The most common causes for the presence of antibiotic residues in food of animal origin are violation of withdrawal periods, overdosing of antibiotics and use of inaccurate routes of administration of drugs. Drug residues concentrations vary from tissue to tissue and are generally observed to be higher in tissues of storage such as body fat or in organs that actively metabolize and excrete them. Probably the most common way milk is contaminated by penicillin is through intra-mammary infusion of the drug in the treatment of mastitis. The presence of antibiotics or their metabolites in food is potentially hazardous to health as it may cause allergic reactions in people and antibiotic resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. Some antibiotics like streptomycin, neomycin and gentamicin has been reported to cause damage to the kidney and to hearing. Allergic reaction to the human body mostly resulted from β -Lactam antibiotics. Anaphylactic reactions are reported to result from consumption of beef or pork containing penicillin. Drugs in which their residues induce cancer in humans or consumers are: nitrofurans, nitroimdazoles, etc. Antibiotics are invariably administered to dairy cattle, but their indiscriminate use, without adequate technical and veterinary control, can lead to a series of negative consequences at all levels of the dairy productive chain. Many antibacterial and anticoccidial drugs are licensed for use in poultry for treatment of enteric and respiratory disease. Potential adverse effects of drugs that appear as residues in food animals are: carcinogenic, allergic, toxic, neurologic disorder and microbiological effects.","PeriodicalId":12384,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Quality Management","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78976771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the most health benefits among cereal crops which were grown mostly in central highlands of Ethiopia. The three food barley varieties (EH1493, HB1966 and HB-1307) which were released by Holeta Agricultural Research Center (HARC) had experience on barley breeding program (his center of excellence) was evaluated for their grain flour quality content and proximate analysis with respective to five blended NPSB fertilizer rates (0, 100,150, 200 & 250 kg NPSB ha -1 ) and one Recommended NP (60 kg N and 69 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) fertilizer rates. To evaluate their proximate analysis and grain flour quality contents of the food barley varieties were determined by using suitable Standard Official procedures. Proximate analysis was determined according to Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) method and TKW, MC, HLW, GS, GE, PC, FC, AC, CHO, SC, FC, and BG contents of food barley flour was analyzed. All quality and proximate analysis result means were statistically significant and in the range of acceptable recommendation according to FAO and other nutritional sources. The quality parameters analysis showed that EH1493 variety has an average moisture content (11.78%), Hectoliter weight (66.26%), and friability (68.43%), while grain size (80.46%) and Bet-glucan (861.81mgL -1 ) were higher with HB1966 variety. Moreover, 200kg NPSB ha -1 gave the maximum protein (10.31%), fat (2.51%), and ash (2.64%), while the highest total carbohydrate (82.88%) content obtained on 250kg NPSB ha -1 .The economic analysis revealed that the highest net benefit (69558.42 birr ha -1 ) with marginal rate of return of 1475.41% was recorded from the application of 200kg NPSB ha -1 with EH1493 variety. Therefore, application of 200 kg NPSB ha -1 with EH1493 variety is recommended to be used by farmers around Walmera district.
大麦(Hordeum vulgare L.)是主要生长在埃塞俄比亚中部高地的谷类作物中最有益健康的作物。以Holeta农业研究中心(HARC)发布的3个食用大麦品种EH1493、HB1966和HB-1307为研究对象，采用5种NPSB混合施肥量(0、100、150、200和250 kg NPSB ha -1)和1种推荐NP (60 kg N和69 kg p2o -1 ha -1)对其面粉品质含量进行了评价和分析。采用合适的标准程序对食用大麦品种进行了近似分析和谷物面粉质量含量的测定。根据美国官方农业化学家协会(AOAC)的方法进行了近似分析，并对食用大麦面粉中的TKW、MC、HLW、GS、GE、PC、FC、AC、CHO、SC、FC和BG含量进行了分析。根据粮农组织和其他营养来源，所有质量和近似分析结果均值均具有统计学意义，并在可接受的推荐范围内。品质参数分析表明，EH1493的平均含水量为11.78%，百升重为66.26%，脆度为68.43%，晶粒度为80.46%，β -葡聚糖为861.81mg / l -1，高于HB1966。200kg NPSB hm -1可获得最高的蛋白质(10.31%)、脂肪(2.51%)和灰分(2.64%)含量，而250kg NPSB hm -1可获得最高的总碳水化合物(82.88%)含量。经济分析表明，200kg NPSB hm -1与EH1493品种一起施用可获得最高的净效益(69558.42 birr ha -1)，边际收益率为1475.41%。因此，建议Walmera地区的农民使用200公斤NPSB和EH1493品种。
{"title":"Evaluation of Quality Parameters of Food Barley (Hordeum Vulgare L.) Varieties as Affected by Blended NPSB Fertilizer Rates in Central Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Abdi Mekonnen, H. Ashagre, G. Chala","doi":"10.7176/fsqm/104-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/fsqm/104-01","url":null,"abstract":"Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the most health benefits among cereal crops which were grown mostly in central highlands of Ethiopia. The three food barley varieties (EH1493, HB1966 and HB-1307) which were released by Holeta Agricultural Research Center (HARC) had experience on barley breeding program (his center of excellence) was evaluated for their grain flour quality content and proximate analysis with respective to five blended NPSB fertilizer rates (0, 100,150, 200 & 250 kg NPSB ha -1 ) and one Recommended NP (60 kg N and 69 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 ) fertilizer rates. To evaluate their proximate analysis and grain flour quality contents of the food barley varieties were determined by using suitable Standard Official procedures. Proximate analysis was determined according to Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC) method and TKW, MC, HLW, GS, GE, PC, FC, AC, CHO, SC, FC, and BG contents of food barley flour was analyzed. All quality and proximate analysis result means were statistically significant and in the range of acceptable recommendation according to FAO and other nutritional sources. The quality parameters analysis showed that EH1493 variety has an average moisture content (11.78%), Hectoliter weight (66.26%), and friability (68.43%), while grain size (80.46%) and Bet-glucan (861.81mgL -1 ) were higher with HB1966 variety. Moreover, 200kg NPSB ha -1 gave the maximum protein (10.31%), fat (2.51%), and ash (2.64%), while the highest total carbohydrate (82.88%) content obtained on 250kg NPSB ha -1 .The economic analysis revealed that the highest net benefit (69558.42 birr ha -1 ) with marginal rate of return of 1475.41% was recorded from the application of 200kg NPSB ha -1 with EH1493 variety. Therefore, application of 200 kg NPSB ha -1 with EH1493 variety is recommended to be used by farmers around Walmera district.","PeriodicalId":12384,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Quality Management","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91281340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The species Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint tea) is an aromatic perennial glabrous and strongly scented herb. It is one of the most popular and widely consumed single ingredient herbal teas, or tisanes. This study evaluate the phytochemicals constituents and elemental compositions of methanolic leaves extract of peppermint tea. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and total phenolic compounds, while quantitative analysis shows terpenoids>total phenolic compounds>flavonoids>alkaloids>glycosides>tannins>steroids>saponins. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of potassium (K) 116.67±0.00mg/kg, Calcium (Ca) 96.67±9.95mg/kg, Sodium (Na) 93.33±0.00mg/kg, Iron (Fe) 77.53± 0.50mg/kg, Copper (Cu) 49.13±5.15mg/kg, Manganese (Mn) 15.33±0.75mg/kg, Magnesium (Mg) 9.33±4.00mg/kg, and Zinc (Zn) 0.80±0.30mg/kg. Thus this study shows peppermint plant to be of high nutritional value and contain medicinally important bioactive compounds.
{"title":"Phytochemicals and Elemental Analysis of Methanol Leave Extract of Peppermint Tea (Mentha Piperita L.)","authors":"Gadaka, Muazu","doi":"10.7176/fsqm/108-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/fsqm/108-07","url":null,"abstract":"The species Mentha piperita L. (Peppermint tea) is an aromatic perennial glabrous and strongly scented herb. It is one of the most popular and widely consumed single ingredient herbal teas, or tisanes. This study evaluate the phytochemicals constituents and elemental compositions of methanolic leaves extract of peppermint tea. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, glycosides, saponin, steroids, tannins, terpenoids and total phenolic compounds, while quantitative analysis shows terpenoids>total phenolic compounds>flavonoids>alkaloids>glycosides>tannins>steroids>saponins. Elemental analysis revealed the presence of potassium (K) 116.67±0.00mg/kg, Calcium (Ca) 96.67±9.95mg/kg, Sodium (Na) 93.33±0.00mg/kg, Iron (Fe) 77.53± 0.50mg/kg, Copper (Cu) 49.13±5.15mg/kg, Manganese (Mn) 15.33±0.75mg/kg, Magnesium (Mg) 9.33±4.00mg/kg, and Zinc (Zn) 0.80±0.30mg/kg. Thus this study shows peppermint plant to be of high nutritional value and contain medicinally important bioactive compounds.","PeriodicalId":12384,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Quality Management","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72797787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There is a growing realization in Ethiopia for the need to enhance the production of xerophytic crops, including Watermelon, Citrullus lanatus L., in the face of climate change. It is adaptable to most of tropical and subtropical zone of Ethiopia, due to its low water requirement and has the potential to be a commercial crop. It is a newly introduced cash crop gaining a high level of economic importance in the generation of income and provision of nutritional value. Watermelon flesh contains high quantity of vitamins, minerals and other antioxidant compounds, which play important role in human metabolism. Antioxidant components help in preventing human disease by acting as oxygen radical scavenger. Watermelon rind and seed also have many health benefits due to the presence of important amino acids citrulline, fibres, minerals and phenolic compounds. Thus, the present review provides a comprehensive overview of the production status and challenges and nutritive values of watermelon in Ethiopia.
{"title":"Review on Watermelon Production and Nutritional Value in Ethiopia","authors":"Melese Damtew Asfaw","doi":"10.7176/fsqm/104-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/fsqm/104-02","url":null,"abstract":"There is a growing realization in Ethiopia for the need to enhance the production of xerophytic crops, including Watermelon, Citrullus lanatus L., in the face of climate change. It is adaptable to most of tropical and subtropical zone of Ethiopia, due to its low water requirement and has the potential to be a commercial crop. It is a newly introduced cash crop gaining a high level of economic importance in the generation of income and provision of nutritional value. Watermelon flesh contains high quantity of vitamins, minerals and other antioxidant compounds, which play important role in human metabolism. Antioxidant components help in preventing human disease by acting as oxygen radical scavenger. Watermelon rind and seed also have many health benefits due to the presence of important amino acids citrulline, fibres, minerals and phenolic compounds. Thus, the present review provides a comprehensive overview of the production status and challenges and nutritive values of watermelon in Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":12384,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Quality Management","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89660916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite tremendous potential for dairy production in Ethiopia, the sector is not upgraded generally in the country and specifically in Bishoftu town. Dairy value chain upgrading was analyzed with objectives of identifying actors in dairy value chain upgrading and measuring their performances. Data were collected in the town at dairy producers’ level, traders (retailers) level and expert level through structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. Censuses of 141 dairy producers were conducted by dividing them into three different scale farm producers. Accordingly producers who have 1-5 dairy cows were categorized as small scale producers, 6-10 medium scale producers and >11 dairy cows were taken as large scale dairy farms. Based on this classification there were 100, 34, and 7 small, medium and large scale dairy respectively in the town. It was assumed that all large scale were processors, but one producer was found to be non-processor and was omitted from census survey. So, the survey was conducted with 140 dairy producers in the town. Data were analyzed by value chain analysis. The results from the descriptive statistics shows that from total dairy producers 46% were processing dairy /milk into yogurt, cheese and butter. Twenty four percent of the producers convert milk into yogurt, 11% process into cheese and butter, and another 11% process dairy into yogurt, cheese and butter. Therefore, producers’ socioeconomic factors and institutional factors needed to be strengthened by supportive activities like training for capacity building of producers in order to upgrade dairy value chain in town.
{"title":"Dairy Value Chain Upgrading in Bishoftu Town, East Shewa, Oromia, Ethiopia","authors":"Gudeta Shanko, F. Mitiku, Tura Kaso","doi":"10.7176/fsqm/103-01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/fsqm/103-01","url":null,"abstract":"Despite tremendous potential for dairy production in Ethiopia, the sector is not upgraded generally in the country and specifically in Bishoftu town. Dairy value chain upgrading was analyzed with objectives of identifying actors in dairy value chain upgrading and measuring their performances. Data were collected in the town at dairy producers’ level, traders (retailers) level and expert level through structured questionnaire and key informant interviews. Censuses of 141 dairy producers were conducted by dividing them into three different scale farm producers. Accordingly producers who have 1-5 dairy cows were categorized as small scale producers, 6-10 medium scale producers and >11 dairy cows were taken as large scale dairy farms. Based on this classification there were 100, 34, and 7 small, medium and large scale dairy respectively in the town. It was assumed that all large scale were processors, but one producer was found to be non-processor and was omitted from census survey. So, the survey was conducted with 140 dairy producers in the town. Data were analyzed by value chain analysis. The results from the descriptive statistics shows that from total dairy producers 46% were processing dairy /milk into yogurt, cheese and butter. Twenty four percent of the producers convert milk into yogurt, 11% process into cheese and butter, and another 11% process dairy into yogurt, cheese and butter. Therefore, producers’ socioeconomic factors and institutional factors needed to be strengthened by supportive activities like training for capacity building of producers in order to upgrade dairy value chain in town.","PeriodicalId":12384,"journal":{"name":"Food Science and Quality Management","volume":"71 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90257106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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