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The Role of Imaging in the Management of Renal Masses 影像学在肾肿块治疗中的作用
Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.53555/nnmhs.v8i1.1161
Jiaali Ratna Sari
The widespread availability of cross-sectional imaging is responsible for the increased detection of small, usually asymptomatic renal masses. More than 50% of renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) represent incidental findings on noninvasive imaging. Multimodality imaging, including conventional US, contrast-enhanced US (CEUS), multiparametric CT and MRI (mpMRI) is essential in diagnosing and characterizing renal masses, but also provides information regarding its prognosis, therapeutic management, and follow-up. In this review, the imaging data for renal masses that urologists require for accurate treatment planning will be discussed. The roles of US, CEUS, CT and mpMRI in the detection and characterization of renal masses, RCC staging and follow-up of treated or untreated local RCCs will be presented. The role of percutaneous image-guided ablation in the management of RCC will also be reviewed
横断显像的广泛应用增加了小的、通常无症状的肾肿块的检出率。超过50%的肾细胞癌(RCCs)是非侵入性影像学的偶然发现。包括常规超声、增强超声(CEUS)、多参数CT和MRI (mpMRI)在内的多模态成像对于诊断和表征肾脏肿块至关重要,但也提供了有关其预后、治疗管理和随访的信息。在这篇综述中,泌尿科医生需要准确的治疗计划的肾脏肿块的影像学资料将被讨论。我们将介绍US、CEUS、CT和mpMRI在肾肿块的检测和表征、肾细胞癌分期以及治疗或未治疗的局部肾细胞癌随访中的作用。经皮图像引导消融在RCC治疗中的作用也将被回顾
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引用次数: 3
Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Report of Urhobo Patients in Abraka, Nigeria 颞下颌关节疾病:尼日利亚阿布拉卡市Urhobo患者报告
Pub Date : 2021-10-31 DOI: 10.53555/nnmhs.v7i10.1041
A. Ese, J. Brenmound, Mabiaku Yvonne Osaretin, Igwilo Chiamaka
This study reconnoitered Temporomandibular Joint Disorders among the Urhobos in Abraka, Nigeria. The cross sectional study design was adopted for this study, and the cluster sampling technique was employed. Data was collected with the aid of a well-structured questionnaire. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research and Ethics Committee of the Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Biology, Delta State University, Abraka before data collection Data obtained was subjected to Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 25) for the purpose of analysis. This study made use of three hundred and eighty-five subjects (57% female and 43% male). The causes of temporomandibular joint disorders include accidents, assault, road traffic accidents, and falls. Temporomandibular joint disorder pointers ranged from pain in or around the ear, followed by pain when chewing, limited mouth opening, noise within temporomandibular joint when opening and closing the jaw, and jaw locking. Based on associated reasons for temporomandibular joint disorder, prior injury to the head and neck had the highest frequency. Significant gender difference was seen in the pointers of temporomandibular joint disorders (p<0.05). The most frequent indicator of temporomandibular joint disorders among the Urhobo males scrutinized is limited mouth opening, while for the Urhobo females it is prior injury to the head and neck.
本研究调查了尼日利亚阿布拉卡乌尔霍波斯人的颞下颌关节疾病。本研究采用横断面研究设计,采用整群抽样技术。数据是通过一份结构良好的问卷收集的。数据收集前获得abaka三角洲州立大学人体解剖与细胞生物学系研究与伦理委员会的伦理许可,获得的数据使用SPSS 25版社会科学统计软件包进行分析。这项研究使用了385名受试者(57%为女性,43%为男性)。造成颞下颌关节紊乱的原因包括事故、袭击、道路交通事故和跌倒。颞下颌关节紊乱的指标以耳内或耳周疼痛为主,其次为咀嚼时疼痛、张嘴受限、开合下颌时颞下颌关节内有噪音、下颌锁住。在颞下颌关节紊乱的相关原因中,头颈部损伤的发生率最高。颞下颌关节紊乱指标性别差异有统计学意义(p<0.05)。在研究的乌尔霍布族男性中,颞下颌关节疾病最常见的指标是嘴巴张开有限,而对于乌尔霍布族女性来说,这是头部和颈部的先前损伤。
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引用次数: 0
Injuries of Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Review 前交叉韧带损伤的研究进展
Pub Date : 2021-06-30 DOI: 10.53555/nnmhs.v7i6.992
Jakkula Akhil, Yogesh Ashok Sontakke
The anterior cruciate ligament is an important structure maintaining knee stability. ACL  injuries are very commonly seen. They cause substantial effect in the younger population, mainly seen in sports injuries either by contact or non-contact mode, affects productivity and physical activity after injury, causes economic burden of surgeries and rehabilitation and post-operative complications. They fail to heal owing to various factors such as a low number of cells, poor vascularity, the inhibitory effect of synovial fluid. Newer approaches to surgeries are evolving to provide better treatment. Hence, a review will enrich the understanding of the pattern of ACL injuries and its application in novel ways of surgical repair. 
前交叉韧带是维持膝关节稳定的重要结构。前交叉韧带损伤是非常常见的。它们在年轻人群中造成重大影响,主要见于接触或非接触方式的运动损伤,影响受伤后的生产力和身体活动,造成手术和康复的经济负担以及术后并发症。由于各种因素,如细胞数量少,血管性差,滑液的抑制作用,它们无法愈合。新的手术方法正在发展,以提供更好的治疗。因此,回顾将丰富对前交叉韧带损伤模式的理解及其在外科修复新方法中的应用。
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引用次数: 0
The Effects of Lumbar Traction in Lumbar Discal Hernia: A Single Case Study 腰椎牵引治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果:一例个案研究
Pub Date : 2020-10-31 DOI: 10.53555/nnmhs.v6i10.914
S. Bushati, A. Erindi
Introduction   People have always had back pain. Back pain was described in the distant past in old texts from 1500 BC. The word sciatica has been used since Ancient Greek times and Hippocrates (460-370 BC) described “sciatic” pain as mainly affecting men aged 40-60 years (Allan and Waddell, 1989).   Purpose of the study   This is a single case study about whereas the mechanical effects of lumbar traction are well substantiated.   Methods   We have used the intermittent variable of the traction. We used a Platinum 3D traction table.MRI of the lumbar spine of the patient was recorded before and after. Pain intensity was rated on VAS, TSK questionnaire andSEC.   Discussion   Based on the findings of this single case, further study is needed to determine optimal treatment duration, frequency, and mode of administering lumbar traction. In this case, there was a real change in the discs after the treatment with problems that were the fear of movement and of course, the patient was experiencing the movement schemes that were connected with the pathology. Exercises are necessary to have a good situation for everyday life.    Conclusions   Horizontal traction was evidently effective in increasing the disc height of lower lumbar levels, particularly in the posterior regions of the discs. The situation of the hernia is really changed in nearly 12-15 treatment sessions. A rehabilitation program cannot be seen as a stand-alone system, but as a whole and the scope is to have a full rehabilitation of the patient.      
人们一直都有背痛。在遥远的过去,公元前1500年的古老文献中描述了背痛。“坐骨神经痛”一词从古希腊时代就开始使用,希波克拉底(公元前460-370年)描述“坐骨神经痛”主要影响40-60岁的男性(Allan和Waddell, 1989)。研究目的:这是一项关于腰椎牵引的机械效应的单一病例研究。方法采用牵引力间断变量。我们使用了铂金3D牵引台。前后分别记录患者腰椎MRI。采用VAS、TSK问卷和sec评定疼痛强度。基于这一病例的发现,需要进一步的研究来确定最佳的治疗时间、频率和腰椎牵引的方式。在这种情况下,椎间盘在治疗后发生了真正的变化这些问题是害怕运动当然,病人正在经历与病理相关的运动方案。锻炼对于有一个好的生活状态是必要的。结论水平牵引对提高腰椎下节段的椎间盘高度有明显效果,特别是对椎间盘后段。疝气的情况在近12-15次治疗中得到了真正的改变。一个康复计划不能被看作是一个独立的系统,而是作为一个整体和范围是有一个病人的全面康复。
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引用次数: 0
Health Care System for Immigrants (Accessibility, Quality, Cost) 移民医疗保健系统(可及性、质量、成本)
Pub Date : 2020-09-09 DOI: 10.53555/nnmhs.v6i9.894
E. Michailidou
The aim of this study is to identify and describe within the existing literature the characteristics  (Immigrant, accessibility, quality, cost.) of primary health care models of service delivery for Indigenous immigrant people. Our focus was on knowledge synthesis of maternity care among immigrants to Greece provided a coherent evidence base for (a) eliciting a better understanding of the factor that generate disparities in accessibility, acceptability, and outcomes during maternity care and (b) improving culturally-based competency in maternity care. Our synthesis also identified pertinent issues in multiple sectors that should be addressed to configure maternity services and programs appropriately. Effectiveness, safety, and patient experience are key components of healthcare quality, an important element of health systems performance.
本研究的目的是在现有文献中确定和描述土著移民提供服务的初级卫生保健模式的特征(移民、可及性、质量、成本)。我们的重点是对希腊移民产妇护理的知识综合,为以下方面提供了连贯的证据基础:(a)更好地理解在产妇护理期间产生可及性、可接受性和结果差异的因素;(b)提高产妇护理的文化基础能力。我们的综合还确定了多个部门的相关问题,这些问题应该得到解决,以适当地配置产妇服务和计划。有效性、安全性和患者体验是医疗保健质量的关键组成部分,是卫生系统性能的重要组成部分。
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引用次数: 0
Parity and Gravidity as Correlates of Maternal Mortality in Ekiti State, Nigeria 产次和妊娠与尼日利亚埃基蒂州孕产妇死亡率相关
Pub Date : 2020-07-16 DOI: 10.53555/nnmhs.v6i7.871
Fabamise Olufemi Moses, O. Iluku-Ayoola, Olowoyeye Ebenezer Adeola
This study investigated parity and gravidity as correlates of maternal mortality in Ekiti State. It critically and explicitly examined the extent to which parity and gravidity stands as correlates of maternal mortality in Ekiti. In view of these, the study adopted descriptive research design of the survey type which comprises of all the Doctors and Nurses who attend to pregnant women during pregnancy, delivery and after delivery. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 550 doctors and nurses from the twenty (20) general and specialist hospitals in Ekiti State. A well-structured questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The data collected was analyzed using statistical Analysis System (SAS) mode. Pie chart was used to provide answers to the research questions and inferential statistics of Pearson Product Moment Correlation was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The results showed that parity and gravidity have high effect on maternal mortality and significantly correlate to maternal death in Ekiti state. Hence, more awareness should be created on the frequency of pregnancy and birth by the government, NGOs and other health regulated agencies, hence reducing this menace of maternal death. It is also recommended that women should have an interval of at least 24?months from a live birth to the next pregnancy in order to reduce maternal mortality.
本研究调查了产次和妊娠是埃基蒂州孕产妇死亡率的相关因素。它严格和明确地审查了产次和分娩在多大程度上是埃基蒂孕产妇死亡率的相关因素。鉴于此,本研究采用调查式的描述性研究设计,包括所有在怀孕期间、分娩期间和分娩后照顾孕妇的医生和护士。采用简单随机抽样技术,从埃基蒂州的20家综合医院和专科医院选择了550名医生和护士。采用结构良好的问卷作为数据收集工具。收集的数据采用SAS (statistical Analysis System)模式进行分析。采用饼图对研究问题进行解答,采用Pearson积差相关的推理统计在0.05显著性水平下对假设进行检验。结果表明,胎次和产次对埃基蒂州的产妇死亡率有很大影响,并与产妇死亡率显著相关。因此,政府、非政府组织和其他卫生监管机构应提高对怀孕和分娩频率的认识,从而减少产妇死亡的威胁。同时也建议女性至少间隔24?从一次活产到下一次怀孕的几个月,以降低孕产妇死亡率。
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引用次数: 0
Lip Reduction Plasty: A Case Report and Review of Literature 唇缩成形术一例报告及文献回顾
Pub Date : 2020-06-30 DOI: 10.53555/nnmhs.v6i6.851
O. Ozinko, O. Otei, E. Isiwele, R. Ekpo
Lip reduction is a plastic surgery procedure that enhances facial appearance by reducing the volume of   lower, upper or both lips. This procedure finds its usefulness in the present day lip reduction plasty as a form of cosmetic surgery. We present a 28-year- old female who complained of broad lips with a portion of red (wet) vermilion exposed when the mouth was closed. We present this rare aesthetic surgical procedure in our hospital and also a search of relevant literature. Level of Evidence: level 1V
唇部缩小术是一种通过缩小下唇、上唇或双唇的体积来改善面部外观的整形手术。这个程序发现它的实用性在今天的唇缩小成形术作为美容手术的一种形式。我们报告一位28岁的女性,她主诉嘴唇宽,闭上嘴巴时露出一部分红(湿)朱砂。我们在此报告本院罕见的美容外科手术,并查阅相关文献。证据等级:1V级
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引用次数: 0
When is it too Small to be Born? 什么时候小到不能出生?
Pub Date : 2020-03-31 DOI: 10.53555/nnmhs.v6i3.831
Charles Lukanga Kimera, L. Lukolo
Low birth weight is the leading cause of perinatal and child mortality and contributes to several disabilities among survivors. It commonly results from preterm birth either with intact membranes or following preterm premature rupture of membranes. Proper knowledge of risk factors of low birth weight is important for identifying mothers at risk in order to properly plan and take appropriate actions before or immediately after delivery to prevent these poor outcomes. In this review paper, we looked at the subdivision of low birth weight, risk factors for preterm birth, consequences of low birth weight, threshold for viability as well as the interventions to reduce infant morbidity and mortality.
低出生体重是围产期和儿童死亡的主要原因,并造成幸存者中的几种残疾。它通常是由于胎膜完好或胎膜过早破裂所致。正确了解低出生体重的风险因素对于确定有风险的母亲非常重要,以便在分娩前或分娩后立即采取适当的计划和行动,以防止这些不良后果。在这篇综述文章中,我们研究了低出生体重的细分、早产的危险因素、低出生体重的后果、生存能力阈值以及降低婴儿发病率和死亡率的干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Epidemiologic and Surgical Approach of Cranyosynostosis: A Case of Madagascar and Review of Literature 颅缝闭锁的流行病学及手术方法:马达加斯加1例及文献复习
Pub Date : 2019-09-30 DOI: 10.53555/nnmhs.v5i9.793
Bemora Joseph Synèse, R. Francis, A. Tony, Ratovondrainy Willy, R. Mamiarisoa, A. Clément
Introduction: Craniosynostosis is a premature closure of one or more sutures of the skull. She reaches 1 child out of 2100. She is responsible for a psychomotor developmental delay. The objective of this study was to define epidemiology, surgical approach and compare with literature. Methods: this was a multicenter retrospective descriptive study performed in hospitalized children operated or not on three neurosurgery centers (CHU-JRA, CENHOSOA and Fianarantsoa), from January 2010 to December 2017. Variables studied: epidemiology, clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic. Results: During the targeted period, 52 children had craniosynostosis (4 cases at CENHSOA, 6 at Fianarantsoa and 42 at CHUA-HJRA). There was a clear male predominance with a sex ratio of 2.4. The average age was 13.11 months. Several types of craniosynostosis were reported, the majority of which were dominated by brachycephaly in 40.38% followed by scaphocephalia (21.15%) and 2 cases of Apert Syndrome. The main symptom was delayed psychomotor development (34.46%). A standard radiography of the skull required in 76.92% and a scanner in 15.38% of the cases. The average age at surgery was 13.04 months. The majority of the surgical techniques practiced were a suturotomy, with blood transfusion and the majority of which at the time of the incision. Conclusion: Craniosynostosis is a pathology that requires neurosurgical management. Several operative techniques exist but the indication depends on the age and the clinico-radiological aspect of the pathology. The main cause of death is related to intraoperative bleeding.  
颅缝闭锁是一种过早关闭一条或多条颅骨缝合线的疾病。她在2100个孩子中帮助了1个。她对精神运动发育迟缓负有责任。本研究的目的是定义流行病学,手术入路,并与文献进行比较。方法:本研究是一项多中心回顾性描述性研究,对2010年1月至2017年12月在三家神经外科中心(ju - jra、CENHOSOA和Fianarantsoa)手术或未手术的住院儿童进行研究。研究变量:流行病学、临床、临床辅助和治疗。结果:在随访期间,52例患儿发生颅缝闭锁(CENHSOA 4例,Fianarantsoa 6例,CHUA-HJRA 42例)。男女性别比为2.4,男性明显占优势。平均年龄为13.11个月。颅缝闭合类型较多,以短头畸形(40.38%)居多,其次为脑裂畸形(21.15%),Apert综合征2例。主要症状为精神运动发育迟缓(34.46%)。76.92%的病例需要头颅标准x线片,15.38%的病例需要扫描仪。平均手术年龄为13.04个月。大多数的手术技术是缝合术,输血,大多数是在切开时进行的。结论:颅缝闭锁是一种需要神经外科治疗的病理。存在几种手术技术,但适应证取决于年龄和病理的临床放射学方面。死亡的主要原因与术中出血有关。
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引用次数: 1
Morphometry of Knee Menisci 膝关节半月板形态测定
Pub Date : 2019-08-31 DOI: 10.53555/nnmhs.v5i8.775
Sivasakthi Muthusamy, Y. Sontakke, A. K
Menisci is one of the most important structures of the knee joint. Owing to its importance in load sharing, shock absorption, joint stability, overall protection of articular cartilage various studies has been done on the morphometry of knee menisci by different researchers.  Different parameters have been studied such as length of outer circumference of both menisci, difference between anterior horn and posterior horn of menisci, thickness and width of menisci. Such parameters have been reviewed in this article. It gives out a wider knowledge about the morphometric parameters of knee menisci and may guide the surgeon for the new treatment modalities in case of meniscal injuries. 
半月板是膝关节最重要的结构之一。由于其在负荷分担、减震、关节稳定性、关节软骨整体保护等方面的重要作用,不同的研究者对膝关节半月板形态计量学进行了不同的研究。研究了不同的参数,如半月板外周长、半月板前角和后角的差异、半月板的厚度和宽度。本文对这些参数进行了回顾。它提供了关于半月板形态参数的更广泛的知识,可以指导外科医生在半月板损伤的情况下新的治疗方式。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Advance Research in Medical & Health Science (ISSN: 2208-2425)
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