Pub Date : 2026-04-03DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02572-z
Stephen J. Blundell
Hydrogels containing C=O groups and calcium cations show an unexpected paramagnetic effect that may have biomedical applications.
含有C=O基团和钙离子的水凝胶显示出意想不到的顺磁效应，可能具有生物医学应用。
{"title":"Hydrogels find their inner magnetism","authors":"Stephen J. Blundell","doi":"10.1038/s41563-026-02572-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-026-02572-z","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogels containing C=O groups and calcium cations show an unexpected paramagnetic effect that may have biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"25 5","pages":"718-719"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Voltage-induced magnetization switching based on the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect is expected to be the ultimate low-power-consumption writing method for spintronic devices such as non-volatile magnetoresistive random-access memory. However, for conventional VCMA-driven dynamic magnetization switching, in which sub-nanosecond voltage pulses induce bidirectional switching by inducing a half precession of magnetization, even a small variation in the pulse widths of the order of several picoseconds can cause switching failure. This has become a major obstacle for developing voltage-controlled magnetoresistive random-access memory. Here we report VCMA-driven static magnetization switching by exploiting an artificial antiferromagnetic trilayer structure with interlayer exchange coupling. By applying bipolar voltages to the antiferromagnetic structure, we can demonstrate repeatable bidirectional switching. Unlike conventional dynamic switching, VCMA-driven static magnetization switching is induced in a wide range of pulse widths. This unconventional writing method is expected to be a key for developing various ultralow-power spintronic devices.
{"title":"Static magnetization switching in an artificial antiferromagnetic multilayer driven by a voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy effect","authors":"Hiroyasu Nakayama, Takayuki Nozaki, Toshiki Yamaji, Tomohiro Nozaki, Hiroshi Imamura, Shinji Yuasa","doi":"10.1038/s41563-026-02575-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-026-02575-w","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage-induced magnetization switching based on the voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) effect is expected to be the ultimate low-power-consumption writing method for spintronic devices such as non-volatile magnetoresistive random-access memory. However, for conventional VCMA-driven dynamic magnetization switching, in which sub-nanosecond voltage pulses induce bidirectional switching by inducing a half precession of magnetization, even a small variation in the pulse widths of the order of several picoseconds can cause switching failure. This has become a major obstacle for developing voltage-controlled magnetoresistive random-access memory. Here we report VCMA-driven static magnetization switching by exploiting an artificial antiferromagnetic trilayer structure with interlayer exchange coupling. By applying bipolar voltages to the antiferromagnetic structure, we can demonstrate repeatable bidirectional switching. Unlike conventional dynamic switching, VCMA-driven static magnetization switching is induced in a wide range of pulse widths. This unconventional writing method is expected to be a key for developing various ultralow-power spintronic devices.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"114 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147611850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal transport plays a crucial role in many modern electronic, photonic and energy conversion devices. Recent work has provided fundamental insights into the effects of nanostructuring on heat transport. However, the atomic-scale control of phonon transport has barely been explored. Here we present systematic studies of thermal transport in molecular junctions at 77 K, enabled by high-resolution cryogenic-compatible calorimetric scanning probes developed in this work. Our experiments provide direct evidence that atomistic changes to molecular junctions, implemented by substituting an individual hydrogen atom by a halogen atom (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I), tune the thermal conductance of the junctions by a factor of two. Our detailed first-principles modelling elucidates how the interaction between the vibrational eigenmodes of molecular junctions is modified by atomic substituents, resulting in both suppression of resonances and creation of antiresonances in the phonon transmission function. Further, the advances reported here and insights from this work inform how thermal transport in molecular materials can be probed and controlled.
{"title":"Tuning phonon transmission via single-atom substituents.","authors":"Yuxuan Luan,Matthias Blaschke,Yuji Isshiki,Jian Guan,Fabian Pauly,Edgar Meyhofer,Pramod Reddy","doi":"10.1038/s41563-026-02568-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-026-02568-9","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal transport plays a crucial role in many modern electronic, photonic and energy conversion devices. Recent work has provided fundamental insights into the effects of nanostructuring on heat transport. However, the atomic-scale control of phonon transport has barely been explored. Here we present systematic studies of thermal transport in molecular junctions at 77 K, enabled by high-resolution cryogenic-compatible calorimetric scanning probes developed in this work. Our experiments provide direct evidence that atomistic changes to molecular junctions, implemented by substituting an individual hydrogen atom by a halogen atom (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I), tune the thermal conductance of the junctions by a factor of two. Our detailed first-principles modelling elucidates how the interaction between the vibrational eigenmodes of molecular junctions is modified by atomic substituents, resulting in both suppression of resonances and creation of antiresonances in the phonon transmission function. Further, the advances reported here and insights from this work inform how thermal transport in molecular materials can be probed and controlled.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147599493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-02DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02584-9
Authors whose research paper is accepted for publication at Nature Materials now have the option to include the reviewers’ comments and their rebuttal letters with their publication.
{"title":"Option for transparent peer review","authors":"","doi":"10.1038/s41563-026-02584-9","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-026-02584-9","url":null,"abstract":"Authors whose research paper is accepted for publication at Nature Materials now have the option to include the reviewers’ comments and their rebuttal letters with their publication.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"25 4","pages":"537-537"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41563-026-02584-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147588650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02555-0
Fanglin Gong,Yue Xu,Jingan Chen,Shun Zhang,Songtao Dong,Lauren Healy,Breanna Seto,Muye Zhou,Rick Xing Ze Lu,Gen Li,Tyler Thomson,Yinghua Tang,Ziyan Chen,Krista Antonio,Andrew Varley,David X W Chen,Craig A Hodges,Amy P Wong,Jim Hu,Basil P Hubbard,John F Engelhardt,Ziying Yan,Bowen Li
CRISPR-based gene editing holds promise for treating genetic diseases, yet its application to lung disorders has been hindered by the challenges of pulmonary delivery. Inspired by the modularity and biocompatibility of amino acid-derived chemistries, we report the combinatorial synthesis of 960 ionizable lipids incorporating chemically diverse backbones from both proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic α-amino acids. Through high-throughput screening and structure-function analysis, we identify CHCha-10, a cyclohexyl amino acid-derived lipid that forms biodegradable nanoparticles capable of efficiently delivering mRNA-based gene editors to lung epithelial cells. Following intratracheal administration, CHCha-10 nanoparticles exhibit enhanced mucus penetration and epithelial-specific transfection in both mice and ferrets. Here, as a functional application, we demonstrate in vivo base editing in the lung via inhalation. Delivery of adenine base editor mRNA and guide RNA targeting the CFTR G542X mutation restores CFTR expression and chloride channel function in G542X human airway epithelial cells, mouse-derived intestinal organoids and the lungs of cystic fibrosis mice. This work establishes a chemically modular design framework for ionizable lipids and a translatable platform for RNA-based pulmonary gene correction.
{"title":"Amino acid-derived ionizable lipids enable inhaled base editing for therapeutic gene correction in the lung.","authors":"Fanglin Gong,Yue Xu,Jingan Chen,Shun Zhang,Songtao Dong,Lauren Healy,Breanna Seto,Muye Zhou,Rick Xing Ze Lu,Gen Li,Tyler Thomson,Yinghua Tang,Ziyan Chen,Krista Antonio,Andrew Varley,David X W Chen,Craig A Hodges,Amy P Wong,Jim Hu,Basil P Hubbard,John F Engelhardt,Ziying Yan,Bowen Li","doi":"10.1038/s41563-026-02555-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-026-02555-0","url":null,"abstract":"CRISPR-based gene editing holds promise for treating genetic diseases, yet its application to lung disorders has been hindered by the challenges of pulmonary delivery. Inspired by the modularity and biocompatibility of amino acid-derived chemistries, we report the combinatorial synthesis of 960 ionizable lipids incorporating chemically diverse backbones from both proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic α-amino acids. Through high-throughput screening and structure-function analysis, we identify CHCha-10, a cyclohexyl amino acid-derived lipid that forms biodegradable nanoparticles capable of efficiently delivering mRNA-based gene editors to lung epithelial cells. Following intratracheal administration, CHCha-10 nanoparticles exhibit enhanced mucus penetration and epithelial-specific transfection in both mice and ferrets. Here, as a functional application, we demonstrate in vivo base editing in the lung via inhalation. Delivery of adenine base editor mRNA and guide RNA targeting the CFTR G542X mutation restores CFTR expression and chloride channel function in G542X human airway epithelial cells, mouse-derived intestinal organoids and the lungs of cystic fibrosis mice. This work establishes a chemically modular design framework for ionizable lipids and a translatable platform for RNA-based pulmonary gene correction.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanomaterials are promising catalysts for proton exchange membrane water electrolysers (PEMWE), yet their crystalline structures have typically been restricted to thermodynamically stable phases. Here, using Au nanomaterials with distinct crystal phases as templates, we synthesize and stabilize Au@HEA core-shell nanostructures through a general and robust wet-chemical method in which the HEA is composed of up to ten metallic elements (Ir, Pt, Ni, Fe, Co, Rh, Pd, Ru, Cu and Mn). Phase-dependent water electrolysis is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept application. The hexagonal close-packed 4H-Au@4H-IrPtNiFeCo catalyst exhibits superior activity and stability for the acidic hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction and overall water electrolysis compared with the conventional face-centred cubic IrPtNiFeCo catalyst. In a PEMWE at 60 °C, the 4H-Au@4H-IrPtNiFeCo catalyst achieves 3,000 mA cm-2 at only 1.90 V and maintains stable operation for over 1,200 h at 1,000 and 2,000 mA cm-2, with degradation rates of ~6.3 and ~15.7 µV h-1, respectively. This work offers a strategy for designing highly efficient and stable HEA catalysts with tailored phases for future practical water electrolysis.
高熵合金（HEA）纳米材料是质子交换膜水电解器（PEMWE）的催化剂，但其晶体结构通常局限于热力学稳定相。本文以具有不同晶相的Au纳米材料为模板，通过一种通用且稳健的湿化学方法合成并稳定了Au@HEA核壳纳米结构，其中HEA由多达10种金属元素（Ir, Pt, Ni, Fe, Co, Rh, Pd, Ru， Cu和Mn）组成。相依赖的水电解被证明是一个概念验证的应用。与传统的面心立方IrPtNiFeCo催化剂相比，六方密装4H-Au@4H-IrPtNiFeCo催化剂在酸性析氢反应、析氧反应和整体水电解方面表现出更强的活性和稳定性。在60°C的PEMWE中，4H-Au@4H-IrPtNiFeCo催化剂在1.90 V下达到3,000 mA cm-2，在1,000和2,000 mA cm-2下保持稳定运行超过1,200 h，降解率分别为~6.3和~15.7µV h-1。这项工作为设计高效稳定的HEA催化剂提供了一种策略，为未来的实际水电解提供了量身定制的相。
{"title":"Synthesis of 4H-phase high-entropy alloys for electrocatalysis.","authors":"Zijian Li,An Zhang,Changsheng Chen,Hua Yang,Mingzi Sun,Qinghua Zhang,Shibo Xi,Li Zhai,Xinyue Long,Lujiang Li,Wei Zhai,Zhenyu Shi,Zhiying Wu,Yiyao Ge,Yuhui Tian,Shuai Bi,Jie Wang,Kuan Liang,Shiqi Li,Zhen-Yu Wu,Cailing Chen,Zhiqi Huang,Bo Chen,Lixin Wang,Yu Han,Lin Gu,Panzhe Qiao,Bolong Huang,Ye Zhu,Hua Zhang","doi":"10.1038/s41563-026-02562-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-026-02562-1","url":null,"abstract":"High-entropy alloy (HEA) nanomaterials are promising catalysts for proton exchange membrane water electrolysers (PEMWE), yet their crystalline structures have typically been restricted to thermodynamically stable phases. Here, using Au nanomaterials with distinct crystal phases as templates, we synthesize and stabilize Au@HEA core-shell nanostructures through a general and robust wet-chemical method in which the HEA is composed of up to ten metallic elements (Ir, Pt, Ni, Fe, Co, Rh, Pd, Ru, Cu and Mn). Phase-dependent water electrolysis is demonstrated as a proof-of-concept application. The hexagonal close-packed 4H-Au@4H-IrPtNiFeCo catalyst exhibits superior activity and stability for the acidic hydrogen evolution reaction, oxygen evolution reaction and overall water electrolysis compared with the conventional face-centred cubic IrPtNiFeCo catalyst. In a PEMWE at 60 °C, the 4H-Au@4H-IrPtNiFeCo catalyst achieves 3,000 mA cm-2 at only 1.90 V and maintains stable operation for over 1,200 h at 1,000 and 2,000 mA cm-2, with degradation rates of ~6.3 and ~15.7 µV h-1, respectively. This work offers a strategy for designing highly efficient and stable HEA catalysts with tailored phases for future practical water electrolysis.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-01DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02566-x
Antoine Niguès, Alessandro Siria
Friction typically scales with load but magnetic systems can defy this rule. Sliding arrays of magnetic rotors reveal that energy dissipation peaks where competing magnetic orders dynamically clash. This non-monotonic magnetic drag arises from sliding-induced hysteresis, offering a blueprint for tunable, contactless braking at any scale.
{"title":"Magnetic drag from frustrated order","authors":"Antoine Niguès, Alessandro Siria","doi":"10.1038/s41563-026-02566-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41563-026-02566-x","url":null,"abstract":"Friction typically scales with load but magnetic systems can defy this rule. Sliding arrays of magnetic rotors reveal that energy dissipation peaks where competing magnetic orders dynamically clash. This non-monotonic magnetic drag arises from sliding-induced hysteresis, offering a blueprint for tunable, contactless braking at any scale.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"25 5","pages":"707-708"},"PeriodicalIF":38.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147593419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-31DOI: 10.1038/s41563-026-02544-3
Etsuki Kobiyama, Gabriele Rainò, Yuliia Berezovska, Chenglian Zhu, Simon C. Boehme, Maryna I. Bodnarchuk, Rainer F. Mahrt, Maksym V. Kovalenko, Thilo Stöferle
Interactions between emitters can create cooperative effects that alter light emission. In superfluorescence (SF), excited dipoles couple coherently and radiate collectively, requiring low energetic disorder and strong temporal coherence. Conversely, amplified spontaneous emission results from stimulated amplification and does not require temporal coherence but, unlike SF, sufficient propagation for optical gain. Caesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals exhibit both amplified spontaneous emission (in disordered films) and SF (in ordered assemblies); however, the connections between these regimes remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that temperature and excitation density can drive the transition between both regimes in a thin film of giant CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals. At temperatures below 45 K, excitonic SF was observed, whereas above a transition range between 45 K and 100 K, amplified spontaneous emission prevails but requires increased optical excitation and emitter density. Our results work out the different collective effects present in lead halide perovskites, providing fundamental insights into cooperative phenomena and guidance for the development of compact and bright (quantum) light sources.
{"title":"Transition between cooperative emission regimes in giant perovskite nanocrystals","authors":"Etsuki Kobiyama, Gabriele Rainò, Yuliia Berezovska, Chenglian Zhu, Simon C. Boehme, Maryna I. Bodnarchuk, Rainer F. Mahrt, Maksym V. Kovalenko, Thilo Stöferle","doi":"10.1038/s41563-026-02544-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41563-026-02544-3","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between emitters can create cooperative effects that alter light emission. In superfluorescence (SF), excited dipoles couple coherently and radiate collectively, requiring low energetic disorder and strong temporal coherence. Conversely, amplified spontaneous emission results from stimulated amplification and does not require temporal coherence but, unlike SF, sufficient propagation for optical gain. Caesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals exhibit both amplified spontaneous emission (in disordered films) and SF (in ordered assemblies); however, the connections between these regimes remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that temperature and excitation density can drive the transition between both regimes in a thin film of giant CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals. At temperatures below 45 K, excitonic SF was observed, whereas above a transition range between 45 K and 100 K, amplified spontaneous emission prevails but requires increased optical excitation and emitter density. Our results work out the different collective effects present in lead halide perovskites, providing fundamental insights into cooperative phenomena and guidance for the development of compact and bright (quantum) light sources.","PeriodicalId":19058,"journal":{"name":"Nature Materials","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":41.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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