Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4646
S. H. Tirmizi, A. Fakhr, Ahsan Amer, Kaswar Sajjad, K. Nawaz, A. Sharif
Objective: To determine the efficacy of Methotrexate versus Leflunomide versus combination of both among patients managed at Pak Emirates Military Hospital with active rheumatoid arthritis. Study Design: Prospective comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Rheumatology/General Medicine Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from May 2019 to June 2020. Methodology: Patient of active rheumatoid arthritis who fulfilled American college of rheumatology criteria of 1997 were included in the study. They were randomly divided into three groups with group A receiving Methotrexate, group B receiving Leflunomide while group C received the combination of both Methotrexate and Leflunomide. Disease activity was assessed by using the Disease Activity Score-28 in all the three groups after three months of treatment. Results: Mean age of the study participants was 36.919 ± 6.85 years. One hundred and fifty (83.3%) patients were female while 30 (16.7%) were male. Out of 160 (88.9%) patients achieved remission according to Disease Activity Score-28 score at the end of three months while 20 (11.1%) did not achieve remission. Pearson chi-square test revealed that none of the factors studied including the treatment option had any statistically significant relationship with presence of remission among the target population (p-value 0.386, 0.815, 0.194 and 0.145 for age, gender, duration of symptoms and type of treatment respectively). Conclusion: Remission rate among the rheumatoid arthritis patients in response to treatment was overall good in the study. In terms of efficacy for symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and achieving remission, after three months of treatment all the three options..................
{"title":"EFFICACY OF METHOTREXATE VERSUS LEFLUNOMIDE VERSUS COMBINATION OF BOTH IN ACTIVE RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS","authors":"S. H. Tirmizi, A. Fakhr, Ahsan Amer, Kaswar Sajjad, K. Nawaz, A. Sharif","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4646","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the efficacy of Methotrexate versus Leflunomide versus combination of both among patients managed at Pak Emirates Military Hospital with active rheumatoid arthritis. \u0000Study Design: Prospective comparative study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Rheumatology/General Medicine Department, Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from May 2019 to June 2020. \u0000Methodology: Patient of active rheumatoid arthritis who fulfilled American college of rheumatology criteria of 1997 were included in the study. They were randomly divided into three groups with group A receiving Methotrexate, group B receiving Leflunomide while group C received the combination of both Methotrexate and Leflunomide. Disease activity was assessed by using the Disease Activity Score-28 in all the three groups after three months of treatment. \u0000Results: Mean age of the study participants was 36.919 ± 6.85 years. One hundred and fifty (83.3%) patients were female while 30 (16.7%) were male. Out of 160 (88.9%) patients achieved remission according to Disease Activity Score-28 score at the end of three months while 20 (11.1%) did not achieve remission. Pearson chi-square test revealed that none of the factors studied including the treatment option had any statistically significant relationship with presence of remission among the target population (p-value 0.386, 0.815, 0.194 and 0.145 for age, gender, duration of symptoms and type of treatment respectively). \u0000Conclusion: Remission rate among the rheumatoid arthritis patients in response to treatment was overall good in the study. In terms of efficacy for symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and achieving remission, after three months of treatment all the three options..................","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79694412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4093
Hassaan Javaid, Omar Zafar, Seemal Akram, S. Abbas, Ikram-ullah Khan, H. Javaid
Objective: To determine the frequency of ocular surface disease among patients with open angle glaucoma using topical antiglaucoma medications presenting at a tertiary care eye hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from May 2019 to Jan 2020. Methodology: One hundred and eighty patients aged 18 or more, with open angle glaucoma using any of the topical antiglaucoma medications including preparations of dorzolamide, brimonidine, timolol, levobunolol, betaxolol, latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost or a combination of these for more than six months took part in the study. Ocular surface disease index was used to assess the presence and severity of ocular surface disease. Results: Out of 180 patients of glaucoma managed with topical anti-glaucoma medications, 83 (46.1%) did not show presence of ocular surface disease when ocular surface disease index was administered. Twenty-nine (16.1%) patients had mild symptoms, 17 (9.4%) had moderate symptoms while 51 (28.3%) patients reported severe symptoms of ocular surface disease. Advancing age and longer duration of treatment with topical anti-glaucoma medications had statistically significant association with the presence of ocular surface disease (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Presence of ocular surface disease was a common finding among patients using topical agents for the management of glaucoma. Advancing age and prolonged use of anti-glaucoma medication emerged as risk factors statistically related to the presence of ocular surface disease.
{"title":"OCULAR SURFACE DISEASE AMONG PATIENTS WITH OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA USING TOPICAL ANTI-GLAUCOMA MEDICATIONS","authors":"Hassaan Javaid, Omar Zafar, Seemal Akram, S. Abbas, Ikram-ullah Khan, H. Javaid","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4093","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the frequency of ocular surface disease among patients with open angle glaucoma using topical antiglaucoma medications presenting at a tertiary care eye hospital. \u0000Study Design: Cross-sectional analytical study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from May 2019 to Jan 2020. \u0000Methodology: One hundred and eighty patients aged 18 or more, with open angle glaucoma using any of the topical antiglaucoma medications including preparations of dorzolamide, brimonidine, timolol, levobunolol, betaxolol, latanoprost, travoprost, bimatoprost or a combination of these for more than six months took part in the study. Ocular surface disease index was used to assess the presence and severity of ocular surface disease. \u0000Results: Out of 180 patients of glaucoma managed with topical anti-glaucoma medications, 83 (46.1%) did not show presence of ocular surface disease when ocular surface disease index was administered. Twenty-nine (16.1%) patients had mild symptoms, 17 (9.4%) had moderate symptoms while 51 (28.3%) patients reported severe symptoms of ocular surface disease. Advancing age and longer duration of treatment with topical anti-glaucoma medications had statistically significant association with the presence of ocular surface disease (p-value <0.05). \u0000Conclusion: Presence of ocular surface disease was a common finding among patients using topical agents for the management of glaucoma. Advancing age and prolonged use of anti-glaucoma medication emerged as risk factors statistically related to the presence of ocular surface disease.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89675574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4476
A. Nasir, Muhammad Shoaib Khan, Anas bin Saif, Qasim Butt, H. Abbasi
Objective: To analyze the complexity and diversity of type, surgical management and complications in adult choledochal cysts presenting to a Hepatobiliary unit of a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Case series. Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019. Methodology: All the patients diagnosed with choledochal cyst and underwent surgical procedure between Jan 2017 to June 2019 were analyzed. The clinical features, types, operative procedure and outcomes of the patients in terms of post-operative morbidity and mortality were assessed. Calvin Dindo classification was used to assess complications. Results: A total of 17 patients were studied, out of which, 13 were females (76.5%) and 4 were males (23.5%) with mean age of 37.41 ± 16.96 years. There were 13 type I (76.5%), 2 type IVa (11.8%) and 1 type II (5.9%) choledochal cysts according to Todani’s classification. Extrahepatic cyst excision with a Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy was performed on all 17 patients. There was no mortality in the series. Post-operative complications occurred in 4 (23.5%) patients, 2 were grade II, 1 was grade I and 1 grade III according to Clavin Dindo scale. Long-term follow up revealed recurrent cholangitis in 3 (17.6%) patients which settled on antibiotic regime. The median follow up time was 1.5 years. Conclusion: The total extra-hepatic excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is the treatment of choice for adult choledochal cyst. The procedure has low morbidity and very low mortality.
{"title":"AUDIT OF MANAGEMENT OF ADULT CHOLEDOCHAL CYSTS","authors":"A. Nasir, Muhammad Shoaib Khan, Anas bin Saif, Qasim Butt, H. Abbasi","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4476","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To analyze the complexity and diversity of type, surgical management and complications in adult choledochal cysts presenting to a Hepatobiliary unit of a tertiary care hospital. \u0000Study Design: Case series. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Pak Emirates Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019. \u0000Methodology: All the patients diagnosed with choledochal cyst and underwent surgical procedure between Jan 2017 to June 2019 were analyzed. The clinical features, types, operative procedure and outcomes of the patients in terms of post-operative morbidity and mortality were assessed. Calvin Dindo classification was used to assess complications. \u0000Results: A total of 17 patients were studied, out of which, 13 were females (76.5%) and 4 were males (23.5%) with mean age of 37.41 ± 16.96 years. There were 13 type I (76.5%), 2 type IVa (11.8%) and 1 type II (5.9%) choledochal cysts according to Todani’s classification. Extrahepatic cyst excision with a Roux-en-Y hepatico-jejunostomy was performed on all 17 patients. There was no mortality in the series. Post-operative complications occurred in 4 (23.5%) patients, 2 were grade II, 1 was grade I and 1 grade III according to Clavin Dindo scale. Long-term follow up revealed recurrent cholangitis in 3 (17.6%) patients which settled on antibiotic regime. The median follow up time was 1.5 years. \u0000Conclusion: The total extra-hepatic excision with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy is the treatment of choice for adult choledochal cyst. The procedure has low morbidity and very low mortality.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74151219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4585
Syeda Ramsha Batool, Insia Hasan, Jawed Akbar Dars, Rabisa Batool, S. M. Ahmed, M. Iqbal
Objective: To evaluate the quality of sleep-in patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Study Design: Prospective observational study. Place and Duration of Duration: Psychiatry Department and Medicine Ward of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi Pakistan, from Apr to Nov 2018. Methodology: All patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were included in the study. All cases under age 30, type I diabetes, gestational diabetes and patients with severe illness were excluded. The data of sociodemographic lifestyle factors was collected through a pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire and sleep quality of patients was assessed using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The results of the data were analyzed by using SPSS version 24. Results: Out of 260 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 197 (76%) were female. The mean age of the sample was 55.7 ± 9.89 years, with only 54 (20.8%) having normal body mass index. More than 50% of sample was poor sleepers and educational status was found to be strongly associated with quality of sleep (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: The present study indicates that patients with Diabetes Mellitus often experienced sleep irregularities hence poor sleep quality. There is a need to increase the awareness regarding sleep quality among patients and health professionals as well while assessing the patients with Diabetes Mellitus.
目的:评价2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的睡眠质量。研究设计:前瞻性观察性研究。地点和时间:2018年4月至11月，巴基斯坦卡拉奇真纳研究生医疗中心精神科和内科病房。方法:所有2型糖尿病患者纳入研究。排除30岁以下、1型糖尿病、妊娠期糖尿病及重症患者。采用预先设计的半结构化问卷收集社会人口生活方式因素数据，采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)评估患者睡眠质量。数据结果采用SPSS version 24进行分析。结果:260例2型糖尿病患者中，女性197例(76%)。样本平均年龄为55.7±9.89岁，体重指数正常的54例(20.8%)。超过50%的样本为睡眠不良者，教育程度与睡眠质量密切相关(p值<0.05)。结论:糖尿病患者存在睡眠不规律，睡眠质量较差。在对糖尿病患者进行评估时，有必要提高患者和卫生专业人员对睡眠质量的认识。
{"title":"ASSESSMENT OF SLEEP QUALITY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY FROM A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE","authors":"Syeda Ramsha Batool, Insia Hasan, Jawed Akbar Dars, Rabisa Batool, S. M. Ahmed, M. Iqbal","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4585","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the quality of sleep-in patients diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). \u0000Study Design: Prospective observational study. \u0000Place and Duration of Duration: Psychiatry Department and Medicine Ward of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi Pakistan, from Apr to Nov 2018. \u0000Methodology: All patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus were included in the study. All cases under age 30, type I diabetes, gestational diabetes and patients with severe illness were excluded. The data of sociodemographic lifestyle factors was collected through a pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire and sleep quality of patients was assessed using Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The results of the data were analyzed by using SPSS version 24. \u0000Results: Out of 260 patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, 197 (76%) were female. The mean age of the sample was 55.7 ± 9.89 years, with only 54 (20.8%) having normal body mass index. More than 50% of sample was poor sleepers and educational status was found to be strongly associated with quality of sleep (p-value <0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The present study indicates that patients with Diabetes Mellitus often experienced sleep irregularities hence poor sleep quality. There is a need to increase the awareness regarding sleep quality among patients and health professionals as well while assessing the patients with Diabetes Mellitus.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82355942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.5647
A. Nadeem, Noreen Anwar, N. Ahmed, Yasser Saeed Khan, Irum Rashid, M. Ali
Objective: To determine the efficacy of alpha blockers in successful management of lower and mid ureteral stones by ureterorenoscopy. Study Design: Comparative prospective study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Urology, Combined Military Hospital Quetta Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Dec 2019. Methodology: Total of 150 patients having mid and lower ureteric calculi requiring ureterorenoscopy were divided into two groups. Group A included patients without pre-treatment with alpha blocker was administered before they were subjected to ureterorenoscopy. Study group B included patients who received daily oral dose of alpha blocker, Tamsulosin 0.4 mg twice daily, for 1 week before ureterorenoscopy. Per-operative findings in both the groups were recorded. Results were analyzed by comparing the outcome between both groups in terms of ease of performing procedure, duration of procedure, complications, duration of hospital stay and need for stent placement. Results: Mean operative time was significantly shorter in group B as compared to group A, (15.9 ± 3.81 min vs. 21.9 ± 3.63 min; p≤0.001). Demographic and stone characteristics were comparable between the both groups. Success rate was 74 (98.7%), in group B as compared to 68 (90.7%) in group A, with statistically significant difference (p=0.020). Complications in group B were less frequent 1 (1.3%) vs 7 (9.3%) in group A (p-value=0.027). Conclusion: Use of alpha blockers for one week before performing ureterorenoscopy resulted in fewer complications and made the procedure easier to perform as well.
目的:探讨α受体阻滞剂在输尿管镜下成功治疗输尿管中下部结石的疗效。研究设计:比较前瞻性研究。学习地点和时间:2018年7月至2019年12月，巴基斯坦奎达联合军队医院泌尿外科。方法:将150例输尿管中下段结石需要输尿管镜检查的患者分为两组。A组患者在接受输尿管镜检查前未进行α受体阻滞剂预处理。研究B组患者在输尿管镜检查前接受每日口服剂量的α受体阻滞剂坦索罗辛0.4 mg，每日两次，持续1周。记录两组患者术中表现。比较两组患者在手术难易程度、手术时间、并发症、住院时间和支架放置需求等方面的结果。结果:B组平均手术时间明显短于A组(15.9±3.81 min vs 21.9±3.63 min);p≤0.001)。两组之间的人口统计学和结石特征具有可比性。B组治疗成功率为74例(98.7%)，A组为68例(90.7%)，差异有统计学意义(p=0.020)。B组并发症发生率为1例(1.3%)，A组为7例(9.3%)(p值=0.027)。结论:输尿管镜检查前使用α受体阻滞剂一周，并发症少，操作方便。
{"title":"ROLE OF ALPHA BLOCKER IN URETERORENOSCOPY.","authors":"A. Nadeem, Noreen Anwar, N. Ahmed, Yasser Saeed Khan, Irum Rashid, M. Ali","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.5647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.5647","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the efficacy of alpha blockers in successful management of lower and mid ureteral stones by ureterorenoscopy. \u0000Study Design: Comparative prospective study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Urology, Combined Military Hospital Quetta Pakistan, from Jul 2018 to Dec 2019. \u0000Methodology: Total of 150 patients having mid and lower ureteric calculi requiring ureterorenoscopy were divided into two groups. Group A included patients without pre-treatment with alpha blocker was administered before they were subjected to ureterorenoscopy. Study group B included patients who received daily oral dose of alpha blocker, Tamsulosin 0.4 mg twice daily, for 1 week before ureterorenoscopy. Per-operative findings in both the groups were recorded. Results were analyzed by comparing the outcome between both groups in terms of ease of performing procedure, duration of procedure, complications, duration of hospital stay and need for stent placement. \u0000Results: Mean operative time was significantly shorter in group B as compared to group A, (15.9 ± 3.81 min vs. 21.9 ± 3.63 min; p≤0.001). Demographic and stone characteristics were comparable between the both groups. Success rate was 74 (98.7%), in group B as compared to 68 (90.7%) in group A, with statistically significant difference (p=0.020). Complications in group B were less frequent 1 (1.3%) vs 7 (9.3%) in group A (p-value=0.027). \u0000Conclusion: Use of alpha blockers for one week before performing ureterorenoscopy resulted in fewer complications and made the procedure easier to perform as well.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82432219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.7224
A. M. Sukhera, R. Roshan, S. Sajjad, S. Tanvir, Syed Fawad Mashhadi
Objective: To compare the nutritional status of doctors and non-doctors in relation to their eating habits and physical activity Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital/Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Sep 2018 to Mar 2019. Methodology: Anthropometric measurements like weight for age, height for age, weight according to height along with BMI were used as indicators of nutritional status. Data collection tool was built upon food frequency questionnaire and comprised of sociodemographic variables followed by major portions related to general health of respondents, nutritional assessment, dietary patterns and physical activity. Results: Out of 200 respondents, 100 were physicians working in services hospitals of Army while rest hundred were serving officers non-doctors of similar social status. Mean age of the participants was 35.00 ± 7.57 years. There was no significant difference between self-perceived health status of both groups (p>0.05). Dietary habits of physicians were significantly healthy as compared to their counterparts (p=0.01) while physical activity patterns were better amongst non-doctors (p=0.001). Physicians had unhealthy dietary habits, but intake was bit less and cautious as compared to their counterpart group. Conclusion: Doctors have better dietary patterns, but worse physical activity practices as compared to individuals with similar social strata. Risk factors and nutritional indicators were not different for both groups.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF DOCTORS IN SERVICES HOSPITALS WITH THAT OF EQUIVALENT SOCIAL STRATA IN RELATION TO THEIR EATING HABITS AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY","authors":"A. M. Sukhera, R. Roshan, S. Sajjad, S. Tanvir, Syed Fawad Mashhadi","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.7224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.7224","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the nutritional status of doctors and non-doctors in relation to their eating habits and physical activity \u0000Study Design: Cross sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital/Military Hospital Rawalpindi, from Sep 2018 to Mar 2019. \u0000Methodology: Anthropometric measurements like weight for age, height for age, weight according to height along with BMI were used as indicators of nutritional status. Data collection tool was built upon food frequency questionnaire and comprised of sociodemographic variables followed by major portions related to general health of respondents, nutritional assessment, dietary patterns and physical activity. \u0000Results: Out of 200 respondents, 100 were physicians working in services hospitals of Army while rest hundred were serving officers non-doctors of similar social status. Mean age of the participants was 35.00 ± 7.57 years. There was no significant difference between self-perceived health status of both groups (p>0.05). Dietary habits of physicians were significantly healthy as compared to their counterparts (p=0.01) while physical activity patterns were better amongst non-doctors (p=0.001). Physicians had unhealthy dietary habits, but intake was bit less and cautious as compared to their counterpart group. \u0000Conclusion: Doctors have better dietary patterns, but worse physical activity practices as compared to individuals with similar social strata. Risk factors and nutritional indicators were not different for both groups.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82576370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.6462
Ma Shan, Shazia Muazam, Hina Shan, Fahad Atta, Zubia Iftikhar, A. Khalil
Objectives: To study the effects of Nicotine on the survival rate of chick embryo and to evaluate the preventive role by the antioxidant green tea camellia sinensis. Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2011 to Nov 2012. Methodology: A total of 75 Fayoumi fresh fertilized eggs were kept at Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. Experimental solutions were injected to the eggs of four groups at forty-eight hours of incubation and the effect on the growth was recorded and compared with the control group. The control and experimental groups were observed to assess the effects of Nicotine and the role of antioxidant green tea Camellia sinensis on the survival rate and growth of chick embryo’s femur. Results: The control group (group-1) showed 100% survival rate of embryos. The experimental group-2 showed survival rate of 100% embryos and the group-3 and group-4 showed survival rate 50% and 70% of embryos, respectively. Conclusion: It was concluded that green tea decreases the oxidative stress caused by the Nicotine.
{"title":"THE SURVIVAL RATE OF CHICK EMBRYO INFLUENCED BY NICOTINE AND ANTIOXIDANT GREEN TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS)","authors":"Ma Shan, Shazia Muazam, Hina Shan, Fahad Atta, Zubia Iftikhar, A. Khalil","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.6462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.6462","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To study the effects of Nicotine on the survival rate of chick embryo and to evaluate the preventive role by the antioxidant green tea camellia sinensis. \u0000Study Design: Laboratory-based experimental study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College, Rawalpindi, from Nov 2011 to Nov 2012. \u0000Methodology: A total of 75 Fayoumi fresh fertilized eggs were kept at Poultry Research Institute, Rawalpindi. Experimental solutions were injected to the eggs of four groups at forty-eight hours of incubation and the effect on the growth was recorded and compared with the control group. The control and experimental groups were observed to assess the effects of Nicotine and the role of antioxidant green tea Camellia sinensis on the survival rate and growth of chick embryo’s femur. \u0000Results: The control group (group-1) showed 100% survival rate of embryos. The experimental group-2 showed survival rate of 100% embryos and the group-3 and group-4 showed survival rate 50% and 70% of embryos, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: It was concluded that green tea decreases the oxidative stress caused by the Nicotine.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86575948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4630
Z. Ali, M. R. Khan, R. Memon, I. Ujjan, Fida Hussain, Zainab Nisar
Objective: To compare the negative appendectomy in the females of reproductive and non-reproductive age groups. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan, from January 2018 to December 2019. Methodology: A total of 1126 appendectomy specimens were enrolled irrespective of age and gender. The biodata of patients was retrieved from the database. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22. Results: Out of total 1126 reported cases, 787 (69.9%) were males and 339 (30.1%) were females. The mean age was calculated to be 24.43 ± 12.42 years ranging from 2-94 years. Histopathological examination revealed cases of acute appendicitis 374 (33.2%), acute appendicitis with peri-appendicitis 478 (42.5%), fibrous obliteration 28 (2.5%) and parasitic infestation 7 (0.6%). Overall negative appendectomies were 219 (19.4%) and were prominent in females 100 (29.5%) than males 119 (15.1%). Also it was higher in females of reproductive age group 77 (30.4%) than in non-reproductive age group 23 (27.9%). Conclusion: In our study negative appendectomy in females of reproductive age groups was found to be higher than expected. Clinical scoring systems, biochemical markers, imaging modalities, and second opinion from other specialties like internal medicine, gynae and obstetric have been introduced to substantiate the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and thereby decreases the negative appendectomy.
{"title":"NEGATIVE APPENDECTOMIES ARE MORE COMMON IN FEMALES OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP","authors":"Z. Ali, M. R. Khan, R. Memon, I. Ujjan, Fida Hussain, Zainab Nisar","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4630","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the negative appendectomy in the females of reproductive and non-reproductive age groups. \u0000Study Design: Cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Hyderabad, Pakistan, from January 2018 to December 2019. \u0000Methodology: A total of 1126 appendectomy specimens were enrolled irrespective of age and gender. The biodata of patients was retrieved from the database. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 22. \u0000Results: Out of total 1126 reported cases, 787 (69.9%) were males and 339 (30.1%) were females. The mean age was calculated to be 24.43 ± 12.42 years ranging from 2-94 years. Histopathological examination revealed cases of acute appendicitis 374 (33.2%), acute appendicitis with peri-appendicitis 478 (42.5%), fibrous obliteration 28 (2.5%) and parasitic infestation 7 (0.6%). Overall negative appendectomies were 219 (19.4%) and were prominent in females 100 (29.5%) than males 119 (15.1%). Also it was higher in females of reproductive age group 77 (30.4%) than in non-reproductive age group 23 (27.9%). \u0000Conclusion: In our study negative appendectomy in females of reproductive age groups was found to be higher than expected. Clinical scoring systems, biochemical markers, imaging modalities, and second opinion from other specialties like internal medicine, gynae and obstetric have been introduced to substantiate the diagnosis of acute appendicitis and thereby decreases the negative appendectomy.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"213 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77459253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4277
Maimoona Hafeez, N. Sohail, S. Waqar
Objective: To explore the perception of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OB/GYN) postgraduates about the use of simulation in improving their clinical skills. Study Design: Explanatory sequential mixed method design. Place and Duration of Study: Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Sharif Medical and Dental City (SMDC) Lahore Pakistan, from Jun to Oct 2019. Methodology: By using a homogenous purposive sampling technique eight postgraduate residents from Obstetrics and Gynaecology department were recruited. The study had two phases: In the first phase, quantitative data was collected and analyzed while in the second phase qualitative data were collected by following the quantitative phase and then analyzed. This framework was tracked through the procedure of instrumental delivery with vacuum application in a real-life situation. A survey was conducted before and after the simulation training by using a researcher-developed Likert scale questionnaire. After that in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted. The improvement in clinical performance was evaluated by pairedsample t-test and thematic analysis. Results: Significant performance improvement (p<0.001) after simulation training was reported. The thematic analysis revealed a lack of proficiency in clinical experience before simulation at behavioural and technical levels while enhancement in clinical experience after simulation at both levels. The perceived benefits of simulation with the major trends of simulation as time-friendly, as a source of deliberate practice, and as safe practice in the unthreatened environment were explored. The theme of suggestions was also explored. Conclusion: The participants showed improvement in their clinical skills by describing the optimized benefits of simulation. Few of them are.......
{"title":"PERCEPTIONS OF TRAINEES ABOUT USE OF SIMULATION IN GYNAECOLOGY AND OBSTETRICS","authors":"Maimoona Hafeez, N. Sohail, S. Waqar","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4277","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the perception of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (OB/GYN) postgraduates about the use of simulation in improving their clinical skills. \u0000Study Design: Explanatory sequential mixed method design. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Obstetrics and Gynaecology department of Sharif Medical and Dental City (SMDC) Lahore Pakistan, from Jun to Oct 2019. \u0000Methodology: By using a homogenous purposive sampling technique eight postgraduate residents from Obstetrics and Gynaecology department were recruited. The study had two phases: In the first phase, quantitative data was collected and analyzed while in the second phase qualitative data were collected by following the quantitative phase and then analyzed. This framework was tracked through the procedure of instrumental delivery with vacuum application in a real-life situation. A survey was conducted before and after the simulation training by using a researcher-developed Likert scale questionnaire. After that in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted. The improvement in clinical performance was evaluated by pairedsample t-test and thematic analysis. \u0000Results: Significant performance improvement (p<0.001) after simulation training was reported. The thematic analysis revealed a lack of proficiency in clinical experience before simulation at behavioural and technical levels while enhancement in clinical experience after simulation at both levels. The perceived benefits of simulation with the major trends of simulation as time-friendly, as a source of deliberate practice, and as safe practice in the unthreatened environment were explored. The theme of suggestions was also explored. \u0000Conclusion: The participants showed improvement in their clinical skills by describing the optimized benefits of simulation. Few of them are.......","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87730290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-30DOI: 10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4778
U. Touheed, Samra Maryam, Hafiz Muhammad Murtaza, Muhammad Mujtaba Sabir, Lutfullah Goheer, A. Awan
Objective: To determine the common endocrine complications found in children having thalassemia major. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Multan, from May to Nov 2019. Methodology: A total of 160 Children with thalassemia were taken in this study. Once registered, venous blood sample was taken and sent to the laboratory for endocrine profile. SPSS-21 was applied for analysis of collected data. Results: Out of 160 study cases, 100 (62.5%) were boys while 60 (37.5%) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was 8.58 ± 1.98 years. Mean duration of disease was 5.28 ± 3.29 years. Parental consanguinity was positive in 122 (76.3%) and only 47 (29.4%) were taking chelation therapy. Mean HbA1C level was 6.23 ± 1.18% mg/dl and diabetes was noted in 41 (25.6%) of our study cases. Mean FT4 was 0.98 ± 0.13 ng/dl and hypothyroidism was noted in 24 (15%) of our study cases. Conclusion: Diabetes and hypothyroidism were the common endocrine complications noted in our study among children having thalassemia. All physicians treating such patients should always screen such patients for early diagnosis and timely management in order to reduce burden of related morbidities and enhance quality of life of these patients.
{"title":"Thalassemia ENDOCRINOPATHIES IN THALASSEMIA PATIENTS","authors":"U. Touheed, Samra Maryam, Hafiz Muhammad Murtaza, Muhammad Mujtaba Sabir, Lutfullah Goheer, A. Awan","doi":"10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51253/pafmj.v6i6.4778","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the common endocrine complications found in children having thalassemia major. \u0000Study Design: Cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Multan, from May to Nov 2019. \u0000Methodology: A total of 160 Children with thalassemia were taken in this study. Once registered, venous blood sample was taken and sent to the laboratory for endocrine profile. SPSS-21 was applied for analysis of collected data. \u0000Results: Out of 160 study cases, 100 (62.5%) were boys while 60 (37.5%) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was 8.58 ± 1.98 years. Mean duration of disease was 5.28 ± 3.29 years. Parental consanguinity was positive in 122 (76.3%) and only 47 (29.4%) were taking chelation therapy. Mean HbA1C level was 6.23 ± 1.18% mg/dl and diabetes was noted in 41 (25.6%) of our study cases. Mean FT4 was 0.98 ± 0.13 ng/dl and hypothyroidism was noted in 24 (15%) of our study cases. \u0000Conclusion: Diabetes and hypothyroidism were the common endocrine complications noted in our study among children having thalassemia. All physicians treating such patients should always screen such patients for early diagnosis and timely management in order to reduce burden of related morbidities and enhance quality of life of these patients.","PeriodicalId":19982,"journal":{"name":"PAFMJ","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83856267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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