Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.2001.339087
M. Schick, L. Geisbusch, F. Landstorfer
The paper presents a numerical worst-case study of the coupling between coagulators and cardiac pacemakers under consideration of the human body. For this purpose a special body model has been implemented which meets the geometrical dimensions given in DIN 33402. With this model whose electrical properties correspond to a weighted average of those of different tissues of the human body the influence of the latter can be taken into account in the computations. Different parameters such as position of the pacemaker and its electrode, coagulation frequency, and coagulation point on the surface of the human body are considered. Owing to the results of previous investigations simplified approaches to account for the dielectric coating of the coagulator electrodes and housing of the pacemaker can be used. The investigation shows that for the scenario described above peak-to-peak voltages up to about 20 mV result at the input port of the cardiac pacemaker.
{"title":"Numerical Study of Coupling between Coagulators and Electrodes of Cardiac Pacemakers","authors":"M. Schick, L. Geisbusch, F. Landstorfer","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.2001.339087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.2001.339087","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a numerical worst-case study of the coupling between coagulators and cardiac pacemakers under consideration of the human body. For this purpose a special body model has been implemented which meets the geometrical dimensions given in DIN 33402. With this model whose electrical properties correspond to a weighted average of those of different tissues of the human body the influence of the latter can be taken into account in the computations. Different parameters such as position of the pacemaker and its electrode, coagulation frequency, and coagulation point on the surface of the human body are considered. Owing to the results of previous investigations simplified approaches to account for the dielectric coating of the coagulator electrodes and housing of the pacemaker can be used. The investigation shows that for the scenario described above peak-to-peak voltages up to about 20 mV result at the input port of the cardiac pacemaker.","PeriodicalId":207696,"journal":{"name":"2001 31st European Microwave Conference","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115304816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.2001.338978
R. Abacherli, M. Mattes, E. Suter, J. Mosig
In this article, we present a new algorithm for the adaptive frequency sampling of passive microwave devices and networks. The algorithm combines the survival-of-the-fittest principle of the genetic algorithm with the model-based parameter estimation. The sampling algorithm does not need any information about derivatives or continuity of the sampled function. Presented application examples show good efficiency and robustness of the algorithm. The adaptive sampling algorithm leads to a significant reduction of simulation time since it chooses only a minimum of sampling points to model the response of the device under test.
{"title":"Combining the Genetic Algorithm Approach and the Model-Based Parameter Estimation into an Adaptive Frequency Sampling Algorithm","authors":"R. Abacherli, M. Mattes, E. Suter, J. Mosig","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.2001.338978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.2001.338978","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present a new algorithm for the adaptive frequency sampling of passive microwave devices and networks. The algorithm combines the survival-of-the-fittest principle of the genetic algorithm with the model-based parameter estimation. The sampling algorithm does not need any information about derivatives or continuity of the sampled function. Presented application examples show good efficiency and robustness of the algorithm. The adaptive sampling algorithm leads to a significant reduction of simulation time since it chooses only a minimum of sampling points to model the response of the device under test.","PeriodicalId":207696,"journal":{"name":"2001 31st European Microwave Conference","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125575173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.2001.339028
J. Plaze, L. Billonnet, B. Jarry, P. Guillon
In this paper, we present a new 2-pole bandpass filter associated with an active impedance. The active part is equivalent to a negative resistance and a tunable capacitor. Its role is both to compensate for the losses of the filter and to adjust the resonant frequency. In a first part, we show design and measurements of the active circuit. In a second part, we associate this circuit with a passive 2-pole bandpass filter synthesised with quasi-lumped elements in microstrip technology.
{"title":"A 2-Pole Bandpass Filter Assisted by a MMIC Impedance for Losses Compensation and Frequency Control","authors":"J. Plaze, L. Billonnet, B. Jarry, P. Guillon","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.2001.339028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.2001.339028","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a new 2-pole bandpass filter associated with an active impedance. The active part is equivalent to a negative resistance and a tunable capacitor. Its role is both to compensate for the losses of the filter and to adjust the resonant frequency. In a first part, we show design and measurements of the active circuit. In a second part, we associate this circuit with a passive 2-pole bandpass filter synthesised with quasi-lumped elements in microstrip technology.","PeriodicalId":207696,"journal":{"name":"2001 31st European Microwave Conference","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123450787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.2001.339026
G. Macchiarella, M. Santoniccolo
A computer-aided method is presented, which allows aligning microwave filters with several resonators and cross-couplings without a specific background in tuning procedures. The alignment is performed through n steps, being n the number of the tuning elements; at each step the S parameters of the filter under alignment are transmitted to the computer, which suggests to the operator the target response to be realized by regulating a single tuning element at a time. The method has been tested by simulating the overall procedure on the computer; the results obtained are illustrated in the paper.
{"title":"An Original Technique for Computer-Aided Tuning of Microwave Filters","authors":"G. Macchiarella, M. Santoniccolo","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.2001.339026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.2001.339026","url":null,"abstract":"A computer-aided method is presented, which allows aligning microwave filters with several resonators and cross-couplings without a specific background in tuning procedures. The alignment is performed through n steps, being n the number of the tuning elements; at each step the S parameters of the filter under alignment are transmitted to the computer, which suggests to the operator the target response to be realized by regulating a single tuning element at a time. The method has been tested by simulating the overall procedure on the computer; the results obtained are illustrated in the paper.","PeriodicalId":207696,"journal":{"name":"2001 31st European Microwave Conference","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122671625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.2001.338898
P. Kangaslahti, L. Ruokokoski, J. Pohjalainen, P. Jukkala
Digital communications place ever-increasing demands on the linearity of power amplifiers. To meet these challenges, the system engineer needs to either increase the maximum output power of the amplifier, if the DC power or thermal limitations allow this, or improve the linearity of the amplifier. We have developed very broadband predistortion linearisers for traveling wave tube amplifiers (TWTA). These predistortion linearisers are based on only two custom MMICs and operate at S,C, Ku, K and Ka frequency bands, thus covering the most important frequency bands currently in use.
数字通信对功率放大器的线性度提出了越来越高的要求。为了应对这些挑战，系统工程师需要增加放大器的最大输出功率(如果直流功率或热限制允许的话)，或者提高放大器的线性度。我们开发了用于行波管放大器(TWTA)的宽带预失真线性器。这些预失真线性器仅基于两个定制mmic，并在S,C, Ku, K和Ka频段工作，因此覆盖了目前使用的最重要的频段。
{"title":"Broadband Predistortion Linearisers","authors":"P. Kangaslahti, L. Ruokokoski, J. Pohjalainen, P. Jukkala","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.2001.338898","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.2001.338898","url":null,"abstract":"Digital communications place ever-increasing demands on the linearity of power amplifiers. To meet these challenges, the system engineer needs to either increase the maximum output power of the amplifier, if the DC power or thermal limitations allow this, or improve the linearity of the amplifier. We have developed very broadband predistortion linearisers for traveling wave tube amplifiers (TWTA). These predistortion linearisers are based on only two custom MMICs and operate at S,C, Ku, K and Ka frequency bands, thus covering the most important frequency bands currently in use.","PeriodicalId":207696,"journal":{"name":"2001 31st European Microwave Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131360354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.2001.338992
A. G. Perri
A model of deeply and fully etched gratings, also identified as one-dimensional waveguide Photonic BandGap structures (PBG) [1], based on the Leaky Mode Propagation method, has been developed to perform a complete analysis of the electromagnetic (e.m.) wave propagation in the structure, assumed of finite extension, i.e. to determine mode propagation constants, electromagnetic field harmonics and total field distribution, transmission and reflection coefficients, total forward and backward power flow in the structure, guided power and total losses.
{"title":"Modelling of 1-D Multilayer Periodic Structure Deeply or Fully Etched using the Leaky Mode Propagation Method","authors":"A. G. Perri","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.2001.338992","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.2001.338992","url":null,"abstract":"A model of deeply and fully etched gratings, also identified as one-dimensional waveguide Photonic BandGap structures (PBG) [1], based on the Leaky Mode Propagation method, has been developed to perform a complete analysis of the electromagnetic (e.m.) wave propagation in the structure, assumed of finite extension, i.e. to determine mode propagation constants, electromagnetic field harmonics and total field distribution, transmission and reflection coefficients, total forward and backward power flow in the structure, guided power and total losses.","PeriodicalId":207696,"journal":{"name":"2001 31st European Microwave Conference","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125533655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.2001.339023
J. Heyen, M. Brandes, A. Jacob
A novel multilayer configuration for crossing of RF-/DC-lines at millimeter wave frequencies is presented. The DC-lines are realized in coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology in the ground plane of the RF microstrip line (MSL). In comparison to undefected MSL transmission loss can be minimized by implementing suitable filters in the CPW. Simulated results from a full-wave analysis are confirmed by measured scattering parameters at W-band.
{"title":"A Novel Multilayer Approach for Low-Loss Millimeter Wave RF-/DC-Line Crossing","authors":"J. Heyen, M. Brandes, A. Jacob","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.2001.339023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.2001.339023","url":null,"abstract":"A novel multilayer configuration for crossing of RF-/DC-lines at millimeter wave frequencies is presented. The DC-lines are realized in coplanar waveguide (CPW) technology in the ground plane of the RF microstrip line (MSL). In comparison to undefected MSL transmission loss can be minimized by implementing suitable filters in the CPW. Simulated results from a full-wave analysis are confirmed by measured scattering parameters at W-band.","PeriodicalId":207696,"journal":{"name":"2001 31st European Microwave Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130487400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.2001.339144
Z. Tian, C. Free, P. Barnwell, J. Wood, C. Aitchison
A novel octave band DC block (2.5 -10.5GHz) and a broadband 3dB directional coupler (3-8GHz) have been designed, fabricated and tested using a new multilayer format. The multiple layers of thick-film dielectric and metal were printed on an alumina base and an etching technique used to form the final conductor pattern. The tight coupling required between the coupled lines was realized by overlapping these lines in a multilayer structure. Very good agreement was obtained between measured and simulated data. The results demonstrate that multilayer thick-film techniques provide an efficient method of achieving small size, low cost components having good microwave performance. In particular, the new multilayer approach has been shown to overcome the problem of fabricating very small gaps between coupled lines in a traditional single layer structure.
{"title":"Design of Novel Multilayer Microwave Coupled-Line Structures using Thick- Film Technology","authors":"Z. Tian, C. Free, P. Barnwell, J. Wood, C. Aitchison","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.2001.339144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.2001.339144","url":null,"abstract":"A novel octave band DC block (2.5 -10.5GHz) and a broadband 3dB directional coupler (3-8GHz) have been designed, fabricated and tested using a new multilayer format. The multiple layers of thick-film dielectric and metal were printed on an alumina base and an etching technique used to form the final conductor pattern. The tight coupling required between the coupled lines was realized by overlapping these lines in a multilayer structure. Very good agreement was obtained between measured and simulated data. The results demonstrate that multilayer thick-film techniques provide an efficient method of achieving small size, low cost components having good microwave performance. In particular, the new multilayer approach has been shown to overcome the problem of fabricating very small gaps between coupled lines in a traditional single layer structure.","PeriodicalId":207696,"journal":{"name":"2001 31st European Microwave Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129762371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.2001.339110
F. Gallée, G. Landrac, M. Ney
The design and realisation of a compact structure that includes an artificial lens and a primary source in planar technology is presented. Such structure is the RF part of a monopulse radar system to detect obstacles in front of a vehicle. First, the feasibility of such compact structure is implemented at 32 GHz for which the lens is built using a stack of parallel-plate waveguides using foam technology (low-loss dielectric material with relative permittivity close to one). Extension to 76 GHz requires the primary source feeding to use branch coupler technique and the radiating element in membrane technology. Alternate original structures are implemented at 32 GHz tested and compared with the model. Results show that the proposed structure meets the requirements and that models used for the design are generally in good agreement with measurements.
{"title":"A Compact Lens-Primary Source Structure for Avoidance Radar System","authors":"F. Gallée, G. Landrac, M. Ney","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.2001.339110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.2001.339110","url":null,"abstract":"The design and realisation of a compact structure that includes an artificial lens and a primary source in planar technology is presented. Such structure is the RF part of a monopulse radar system to detect obstacles in front of a vehicle. First, the feasibility of such compact structure is implemented at 32 GHz for which the lens is built using a stack of parallel-plate waveguides using foam technology (low-loss dielectric material with relative permittivity close to one). Extension to 76 GHz requires the primary source feeding to use branch coupler technique and the radiating element in membrane technology. Alternate original structures are implemented at 32 GHz tested and compared with the model. Results show that the proposed structure meets the requirements and that models used for the design are generally in good agreement with measurements.","PeriodicalId":207696,"journal":{"name":"2001 31st European Microwave Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129885062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2001-10-01DOI: 10.1109/EUMA.2001.338896
S. Shinjo, K. Mori, H. Joba, N. Suematsu
An L-band low quiescent current and low distortion SiGe HBT driver amplifier having a self base bias control circuit is described. Since the size of this circuit is small and it does not need external control circuit, it is easy to integrate with the driver amplifier on single chip. According to the output power level, the self base bias control circuit, which is the combination of a P-MOSFET current mirror and a conventional constant base coltage circuit, automatically controls the base voltage and allows low quiescent current at low output power level and low distortion at high output power level. The simulated result shows that the proposed driver amplifier realized P1dB improvement of 3.0dB compared with the conventional constant base voltage driver amplifier under the same quiescent current condition. The fabricated amplifier achieved P1dB of 14.9dBm with quiescent currrent of 15.3mA.
{"title":"Low Quiescent Current SiGe HBT Driver Amplifier Having P-MOSFET Current Mirror Type Self Bias Control Circuit","authors":"S. Shinjo, K. Mori, H. Joba, N. Suematsu","doi":"10.1109/EUMA.2001.338896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EUMA.2001.338896","url":null,"abstract":"An L-band low quiescent current and low distortion SiGe HBT driver amplifier having a self base bias control circuit is described. Since the size of this circuit is small and it does not need external control circuit, it is easy to integrate with the driver amplifier on single chip. According to the output power level, the self base bias control circuit, which is the combination of a P-MOSFET current mirror and a conventional constant base coltage circuit, automatically controls the base voltage and allows low quiescent current at low output power level and low distortion at high output power level. The simulated result shows that the proposed driver amplifier realized P1dB improvement of 3.0dB compared with the conventional constant base voltage driver amplifier under the same quiescent current condition. The fabricated amplifier achieved P1dB of 14.9dBm with quiescent currrent of 15.3mA.","PeriodicalId":207696,"journal":{"name":"2001 31st European Microwave Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2001-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131045752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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