Revue medicale suisse最新文献

Antibiotic resistance is a global public health challenge that has prompted national campaigns and local awareness initiatives. In Geneva, a comic book was created to explain the basics of antibiotic resistance to children aged 8 and older from a One Health perspective. It was distributed to 40 % of public primary schools in the canton and accompanied by 57 classroom visits from an expert. 98 % of participating teachers believe that it is relevant to teach this topic in primary school, whose knowledge and understanding can contribute to establishing a culture of appropriate antibiotic use within a population though multipliers (teachers, pupils) and support primary care physicians in shared decision-making processes.

Febrile seizures are the most common neurological disorder in infants and children. They affect children aged 6 months to 5 years with a frequency of 2 to 4 %. The diagnosis is clinical, and additional tests are mainly used to rule out other differential diagnoses. A distinction is made between simple febrile seizures and complex febrile seizures. Most febrile seizures stop spontaneously within a few minutes. If not, emergency treatment with benzodiazepines or even antiepileptic drugs is necessary. The prognosis is usually favourable. Recurrences are estimated at around 30 %. The risk of neurological sequelae is almost zero, while the risk of developing epilepsy later on is minimal.

Sepsis is a life-threatening syndrome defined by organ dysfunctions caused by a dysregulated host response to an infection. Prompt recognition and management are key to improving outcomes. Artificial intelligence (AI) is well positioned to support clinicians in the early identification and management of sepsis. This article presents a critical appraisal of AI algorithms for the early recognition of sepsis.

The appropriate use of antibiotics is a major public health issue. Long-term care facilities (LTCF) have an increased risk of infection in a vulnerable population. The SPOT 2025 survey revealed that 2.6 % of Swiss LTCF residents were taking antibiotics, rising to 5.9 % in the French-speaking region. To improve the prescription of antibiotics in nursing homes, the application of the revised McGeer criteria and the judicious use of diagnostic tests should be reinforced, particularly for urinary, respiratory, and skin infections, along with hygiene and infection prevention measures. Multimodal interventions (guidelines, training, feedback) can reduce overall antibiotic use by 14 % and should be assimilated and contextualized in nursing homes.

The infectious risk associated with biological agents and targeted therapies is heterogeneous and depends on the immunological target, the underlying disease, host-related factors, and the level of cumulative immunosuppression. It may manifest as an increased frequency or severity of common infections, the occurrence of opportunistic infections, or the reactivation of latent infections. Understanding this risk is essential to implement appropriate preventive strategies, including screening, clinical and biological monitoring, optimization of vaccination status, and targeted prophylaxis. In high-risk patients, referral to a specialist consultation may be warranted. The aim of this article, an update of the 2020 publication, is to provide practical guidance on managing infectious risk in patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies.

Respiratory infections are among the leading causes of consultation in primary care and emergency settings and account for substantial healthcare resource use. Their management relies heavily on chest imaging, particularly radiography and, more recently, lung ultrasound. Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to these modalities offers new opportunities to improve anomaly detection, reduce interobserver variability, and support clinical decision-making. This article summarizes recent evidence on the contribution of AI in thoracic imaging for the diagnosis of respiratory infections, particularly pneumonia and tuberculosis, while highlighting current limitations and challenges related to validation and implementation.