Sleep and Biological Rhythms最新文献

No existing studies have explored the relationship between psychological well-being (PWB), sleep duration, and peripheral blood biomarkers among middle-aged and older adults across a broad range of regions in China. We analysed the data of 5,094 adults aged ≥ 40 years who participated in the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Sleep duration was categorised into short (< 8 h), normal (8 h), and long (> 8 h). Twenty-five peripheral blood biomarkers-for example, for glucose and lipid metabolism, liver and kidney function, inflammation, anaemia, and others-were included in the analysis. PWB was assessed using a scale (maximum score, 15). Using multivariable linear regression, we evaluated the relationships between sleep duration, peripheral blood biomarkers, and PWB. Restricted cubic spline models were used to assess dose-response relationships and random forest models to evaluate the importance of various blood biomarkers to PWB. Compared to normal sleep, a short sleep duration was negatively correlated with PWB (β =  - 0.22; 95% CI - 0.35, - 0.08), whereas a long duration showed no significant association. The restricted cubic spline curve showed a linear relationship, with an inflection point at 8 h of sleep. Random forest and multivariable linear regression analyses indicated that albumin was most strongly associated with PWB (β = 0.17; 95% CI 0.11, 0.23), but inversely associated with sleep duration (β =  - 0.03; 95% CI - 0.05, - 0.10). A short sleep duration was independently associated with less PWB. Attaining a normal sleep duration is important for PWB in middle-aged and older adults in China.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-025-00627-3.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s41105-025-00618-4.].

This study aimed to investigate the role of mitophagy mediated by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α)/Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein (BNIP3) pathway in mitigating renal injury induced by intermittent hypoxia (IH), a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Human renal tubular epithelial cells (RTECs) were exposed to IH conditions using a hypoxia-reoxygenation chamber for 24 h. Cells were divided into five groups: normoxia, IH, IH with HIF-1α siRNA (IH + si-HIF-1α), IH with BNIP3 siRNA (IH + siBNIP3), and IH with HIF-1α siRNA plus BNIP3 overexpression (IH + si-HIF-1α + BNIP3). Cell viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial morphology, and mitophagy levels were assessed using flow cytometry, western blotting, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence. Under IH conditions, inhibition of HIF-1α or BNIP3 significantly reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, disrupted mitochondrial structure, and decreased mitophagy levels in RTECs. Overexpression of BNIP3 in the presence of HIF-1α inhibition restored mitophagy levels, attenuated cellular damage and apoptosis, and improved mitochondrial morphology. These findings demonstrate that mitophagy mediated by the HIF-1α/BNIP3 signaling pathway plays a protective role in IH-induced renal injury, suggesting that targeted enhancement of mitophagy may provide a potential therapeutic strategy for OSA-related kidney dysfunction.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-025-00625-5.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder linked to obesity, increasing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular risk. While body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) are commonly used, novel anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)-derived indices may provide additional insights. Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2015-2018). Weighted multivariable logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS), receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and subgroup analyses were conducted to evaluate the predictive ability of classical anthropometric indices (BMI, WC, waist-to-hip ratio [WHR], waist-to-height ratio [WHTR]), novel anthropometric indices, and DXA-derived indices for OSA. A total of 2068 participants were included in the study, with a nearly balanced gender distribution. After adjusting for covariates, all adiposity indices were positively associated with OSA except for a body shape index (ABSI) and visceral-to-total abdominal adipose tissue mass ratio (VAT/TAT). Central obesity indices-WC (Odds ratio [95% confidence interval] 1.05 [1.03, 1.06]), WHTR (2.17 [1.73, 2.72]), and body roundness index (BRI, 1.39 [1.25, 1.54], all P < 0.001) had the best predictive performance (areas under the curve (AUCs): ~0.700). In addition, associations between these adiposity indices and OSA were more evident in men, drinkers, and even non-Hispanic groups. Central obesity indices, particularly WC, WHTR, and BRI, demonstrated strongest predictive capability for OSA, suggesting the pivotal role of abdominal obesity and body fat distribution in OSA risk stratification and pathophysiological assessment.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-025-00623-7.

There is no consensus on whether to use continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment for mild obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Our study aims to observe the efficacy and necessity of using CPAP treatment in mild OSAS patients complicated with subjective cognitive decline (SCD). From August 2021 to July 2022, patients with mild OSAS and SCD were randomized to the control group or the CPAP group, and followed up for 3 months. The primary results were evaluated using subjective cognitive decline questionnaire (SCD-Q), the Huashan version of the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT-H), and animal fluency test (AFT), which were tested at admission and three months after treatment, respectively. And plasma Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels were also measured at admission and 3 months after treatment. A total of 110 patients completed the final study, with 55 in the control group and 55 in the CPAP group. No significant differences in demographic data, Laboratory tests, AHI index, SCD-Q, AVLT-H, and AFT scores between the two groups before treatment. The SCD-Q score of patients in CPAP group significantly decreased after 3 months of treatment and was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). And the immediate memory score of AVLT-H in the treatment group was significantly increased after 3 months of treatment (P < 0.05). The Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in the treatment group significantly decreased after 3 months of treatment, and was significantly lower than that of control group (P<0.05). Furthermore, there was linear correlation between SCD-Q score and Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio in all patients after 3 months of treatment (P<0.001, r=0.584). Our findings suggested that CPAP treatment can significantly decrease the Aβ1-42/Aβ1-40 ratio, and improve SCD, which may play an important role in the prevention of dementia, but further research are warranted.

Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s41105-025-00620-w.

Purpose: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor disorder characterized by uncomfortable sensations in the lower extremities, often disrupting sleep. While numerous studies have explored genetic factors and comorbidities, comprehensive research on the underlying causes remains limited. Moreover, few studies have focused on adolescents. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of RLS among Japanese adolescents and identify associated factors.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from April to July 2024. A total of 7,187 high school students of 19 high schools in a western region of Japan were recruited. The questionnaire included questions on RLS, lifestyle, and sleep-related factors. RLS was diagnosed using a questionnaire based on the International Restless Legs Study Group criteria. Logistic regression was performed to analyze factors associated with RLS.

Results: In total, 6,728 adolescents were analyzed (response rate: 93.6%). The prevalence of RLS was 4.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.6-4.6). RLS was significantly associated with ≥ 3 h of electronic device use (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.07-2.46) in boys and exercising for < 2 days per week (aOR: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37-0.90), difficulty initiating sleep (aOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.00-2.52), and menstrual problems (aOR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.04-1.33) in girls.

Conclusions: The prevalence of RLS among adolescents was higher than that among adults. Several factors associated with RLS were identified, including sleep status and lifestyle. Parents and educators need to monitor adolescents closely to detect RLS and support lifestyle adjustments.

REM-related OSA, with events mainly in REM sleep, is increasingly recognised as a distinct phenotype. Its relationship with systemic comorbidities remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of cardio-metabolic, respiratory and psychiatric comorbidities in REM- versus non-REM-related OSA. Subjects undergoing polysomnography were included, excluding those with incomplete data, sleep efficiency < 60%, no OSA or other sleep disorders, REM sleep < 30 min, uncontrolled malignancy, prior upper airway surgery, severe lung disease, sedative use, or ongoing positive airway pressure/oral appliance therapy. Demographics, comorbidities, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) and polysomnographic data were recorded. A total of 2240 OSA patients were analysed (1541M/699F; mean age 49.9 ± 11.6 years; BMI 31.6 ± 5.7 kg/m²): 32.6% mild, 31.1% moderate, 36.3% severe. REM-related OSA was identified in 18.3%. It showed lower apnoea-hypopnoea index and oxygen desaturation index, the percentage of sleep time with SpO₂ < 90% but higher mean and nadir nocturnal oxygen saturation (all p < 0.001). REM-related OSA patients were younger, more often female (p = 0.002, p < 0.001) and had more comorbidities. In multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, ESS, OSA severity, and comorbidities, REM-related OSA was independently associated with hypertension, coronary artery disease, hypothyroidism, and asthma (p = 0.001, p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p < 0.001 respectively). REM-related OSA is a distinct clinical entity marked by a higher prevalence of comorbidities despite lower standard measures of disease severity. Clinicians should consider alternative screening and lower treatment thresholds for high-risk groups, including young women and those with comorbidities.

We previously found that seasonal changes in sleep duration were affected by sex, residential area, and age in Japanese community residents. This study aimed to determine whether these factors also affect the seasonality of insomnia-related symptoms (IRS) and clarify specific seasonal differences in the frequency of IRS in the Japanese population adjusting for these factors. A detailed re-analysis of the data of Japanese community residents used in our previous study was performed. Longitudinal data of 1568 individuals aged 15-89 years, with each participant providing responses at four time points (spring, summer, fall, and winter) were analyzed. The participants answered a questionnaire including items on IRS (difficulty initiating sleep [DIS], difficulty maintaining sleep [DMS]/early morning awakening [EMA], and excessive daytime sleepiness [EDS]). A mixed-effects ordinal logistic model was used to assess the effects of sex, region of residence, and age on seasonal variations in IRS and specific seasonal differences in the frequency of IRS adjusting for these demographic factors. All IRS were more frequent in spring and summer than in fall and winter. Age affected the seasonality of DMS/EMA. The young and middle-aged groups showed seasonal variation in DMS/EMA frequency, whereas the elderly group showed no seasonal variation. Sex and residential area showed no significant effect on the seasonality of any IRS. The seasonality of IRS seems to be unaffected by demographic factors as much as the seasonality of sleep duration, with only DMS/EMA being affected by age. The specific interseasonal differences in IRS frequency in the Japanese population were revealed.

The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) is one of the most widely used instruments to assess sleep quality. This study aimed to translate the PSQI into Bangla (PSQI-BN) and evaluate its psychometric properties among Bangladeshi population. This cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases. In the first phase, the PSQI was translated into Bangla following standard guidelines. In the second phase, the psychometric properties of the PSQI-BN were evaluated, including content validity, construct validity (convergent and divergent), internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. An exploratory factor analysis was also conducted. A sample of 148 apparently healthy individuals were included in the study. The PSQI-BN demonstrated moderate internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.619) and strong test-retest reliability (Spearman's ρ = 0.842, p < 0.001). The PSQI-BN total score showed a moderate positive correlation (ρ = 0.369, p < 0.001) with the Insomnia Severity Index-Bangla, indicating convergent validity, and a weak positive correlation (ρ = 0.286, p < 0.001) with the Perceived Stress Scale, suggesting divergent validity. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a four-factor structure, representing onset and fragmentation, sleep sufficiency, subjective restoration, and medication-assisted sleep. The biplot analysis confirmed the representation of each component within the factor structure, with sleep duration, sleep latency, sleep disturbance, and sleep efficiency having the highest representation. This study provides initial evidence supporting the reliability and validity of the PSQI-BN as a measure of sleep quality in the Bangladeshi population. The availability of a culturally adapted and psychometrically evaluated Bangla version of the PSQI will facilitate high-quality sleep research and clinical applications in Bangladesh.