ACS Omega最新文献

Enhanced oil recovery technologies, such as alkali–surfactant–polymer(ASP) flooding, have been widely applied in mature oilfields to improveoil recovery rates, especially for the Daqing Oilfield. However, thestrong alkaline conditions induced by ASP processes significantlyaffect polymer viscosity, thereby limiting mobility control and oildisplacement efficiency, especially in heterogeneous reservoirs. Toaddress this challenge, we developed a series of pH-responsive copolymersbased on 2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEAEMA) and acrylamide(AM) via micellar polymerization, specifically tailored for applicationin strongly alkaline environments such as the Daqing Oilfield. Thesynthesized copolymers were characterized by FTIR and ¹H NMR, confirming the successful incorporation of DEAEMA monomers.Rheological tests were conducted at 45 °C with a polymer concentrationof 800 mg/L and a salinity of 4500 mg/L NaCl. Under these conditions,the copolymer solutions exhibited remarkable pH-responsive thickeningbehavior: at pH 9, the viscosity was 24 mPa·s; upon increasingthe pH to 13, the viscosity increased to 512 mPa·s, achievinga 20-fold viscosity enhancement (defined as the ratio of viscosityat pH 13 to that at pH 9 under identical temperature, salinity, andpolymer concentration). This thickening effect is driven by reversiblephysical crosslinking networks formed through hydrophobic associations.Core flooding experiments further validated the superior profile controlperformance of the pH-responsive polymers, which effectively redirectedfluid flow into low-permeability layers, enhanced sweep efficiency,and increased oil recovery rates by 24.32% compared to conventionalpolymers. This study highlights the potential of pH-responsive polymersas effective chemical profile control agents for addressing the challengesof heterogeneous reservoirs and strongly alkaline environments. Thedeveloped polymers provide a promising solution for improving oilrecovery efficiency and mitigating water channeling in mature oilfields,paving the way for future advancements in oilfield chemistry and enhancedoil recovery technologies.

Aluminum-ion batteries are among the most efficient batterytechnologiesowing to the abundance of aluminum and its trivalent redox properties.However, their practical application remains limited by the poor longevityof cathode materials. In this study, we investigate the potentialof the two-dimensional porous carbon allotrope holey graphyne (HGY)as a cathode material for aluminum-ion batteries. Density functionaltheory calculations are employed to systematically examine the interactionof AlCl₄ species with HGY and assess its potential forAlCl₄ storage. The results indicate that AlCl₄ on the HGY surface has an adsorption energy of −1.59 eV,suggesting significant energetic stability of the adsorbate system.The monolayer HGY provides a specific capacity of 372 mAh g^–1, substantially higher than that of graphite (70 mAh g^–1) and graphene (155 mAh g^–1). Furthermore, thecalculated average open-circuit voltage of the HGY cathode is approximately2.25 V, higher than that of graphite (2.00 V). Additionally, the lowdiffusion barrier of 0.04 eV indicates high mobility of AlCl₄ on the HGY surface, suggesting rapid ion transport and favorablefast-charging capability. These findings highlight the significantpotential of HGY as an effective cathode material for aluminum-ionbatteries.

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains challenging dueto oxidativestress and inflammation limiting stem cell therapy. Here, we developedan injectable, ROS-scavenging selenium nanoparticle (SeNP) hydrogel(SeNP-Gel) to protect adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and enhanceperipheral nerve repair. SeNP-Gel exhibited excellent biocompatibility,a porous structure, and favorable mechanical properties, effectivelyscavenging hydrogen peroxide and reducing oxidative stress to improveADSC survival. In vitro, the hydrogel promoted Schwann cell migration,angiogenesis, and M2 microglial polarization, thereby alleviatingneuroinflammation. In a rat sciatic nerve injury model, the ADSCs/SeNP-Gelcomposite synergistically accelerated axonal regeneration, myelination,and functional recovery, outperforming either component alone. Thisstrategy integrates SeNPs, hydrogel, and ADSCs to coordinate oxidativestress modulation and immune microenvironment remodeling for PNI treatment.

Mupirocin–poly(lactic-co-glycolicacid)(Mup-PLGA) conjugates were developed via drug-initiated ring-openingpolymerization to create biodegradable scaffolds with local antibacterialactivity. Conjugate composition and molecular weight were controlledto tune degradation behavior, and materials were processed into poroussolvent-cast scaffolds and electrospun mats. Degradation studies showedthat molecular weight, copolymer ratio, and plasticizer content governedstructural evolution, while the processing method had a limited effect.No measurable release of free mupirocin was detected during degradation.Despite this, antibacterial activity was observed under direct-contactconditions and correlated with conjugate composition, reflecting mupirocincontent along polymer chains. Electrospun scaffolds exhibited limiteddiffusible activity, attributed to higher surface area. Overall, thematerials did not behave as classical release systems but showed surface-mediatedantibacterial effects instead. These findings position Mup-PLGA conjugatesas a platform for wound dressings combining tunable degradation withlocal antimicrobial functionality, potentially reducing exposure tosubinhibitory free antibiotic concentrations. Extract-based MTT testingshowed mean cell viability above the 70% criterion for both electrospunmats and the nonplasticized SC7 scaffold, whereas TEC-containing solvent-castscaffolds were cytotoxic.

Bioconjugation of linker–payloads (LPs) to antibodieshashistorically relied on organic cosolvents or surfactants to overcomethe poor aqueous solubility of cytotoxic payloads─an assumptionthat has remained largely unquestioned in antibody–drug conjugate(ADC) manufacturing. Here, we systematically re-evaluate this paradigmby characterizing the aqueous solubility of 13 representative LPsat operationally relevant concentrations (5–50 mM) across waterand acidic buffers. Classical hydrophobic LPs, including vedotin,mafodotin, and deruxtecan, were confirmed to be insoluble under allaqueous conditions tested, validating their established dependenceon cosolvents. However, LPs incorporating hydrophilic elements, suchas PEG chains or ionizable groups, dissolved readily in water at concentrationssufficient for bioconjugation. Most notably, the linker–payloadcorresponding to sacituzumab govitecan (CL2A-SN-38) achieved concentrationsof at least 50 mM in pure water, and two different conjugation reactionswere successfully executed in fully aqueous buffered media withoutany organic solvents or surfactants. Physicochemical analysis revealedthat solubility is not governed solely by global hydrophobicity (A log P) but is codeterminedby PEG length, charge distribution, pH-dependent ionization, and thecontinuity of hydrophobic surface topology. Conjugation under fullyaqueous conditions yielded ADCs with average DAR values of 1.6–1.9under target-DAR2 conditions and 6.1–7.0 under target-DAR8conditions, with minimal aggregation and physicochemical propertiescomparable to those produced via conventional cosolvent-based workflows.These findings demonstrate that rational hydrophilicity-driven LPdesign enables cosolvent-free conjugation, thereby simplifying ADCmanufacturing, eliminating flammability hazards, removing residualsolvent testing requirements, and reducing regulatory complexity.

The Huaibei Coalfield hosts abundant coalbed methane(CBM) resources,yet its heterogeneous pore structure poses challenges for efficientdevelopment. In this study, the multiscale pore structure was characterizedusing field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), mercuryintrusion porosimetry (MIP), and N₂/CO₂ adsorptionexperiments, and fractal dimensions were quantified to reflect poreheterogeneity, and methane adsorption capacity was tested with theimproved Langmuir equation. The results indicate that the coal samplesare medium-rank bituminous coal, with a maximum vitrinite reflectance(R_o,max) of 0.73%–0.96%. Vitriniteconstitutes the major maceral component, while mineral contents remainlow. FE-SEM and EDS analyses reveal highly heterogeneous pore fracturesand mineral compositions. Of the total pore volume, micropores andmacropores together account for approximately 90.81%, with volumesof 0.72–1.86 cm³/100 g (average of 1.24 cm³/100 g) and 0.32–4.99 cm³/100 g (average of 1.54cm³/100 g), respectively. The specific surface area ofmicropores is 18.13–48.94 m²/g (average of 32.21m²/g), which accounts for 99.55% of the total on average.In addition, the coal rank promotes micropore development, whereasthe inertinite content negatively correlates with macropore volume.Methane adsorption capacity is 0.81–1 mmol/g (average of 0.92mmol/g), which is primarily controlled by the volume and specificsurface area of micropores but shows no relationship with the maceralor mineral component. Moreover, methane adsorption capacity showspositive correlations with fractal dimensions D_N21 and D_CO2 but a negative correlationwith D_N22. From a kinetic perspective,mesopores and macropores can accelerate gas transport and shortenequilibrium time. This study offered scientific support for CBM assessmentand exploitation in the Huaibei Coalfield.

Strain engineeringhas emerged as a powerful approach for tailoringthe optical response of two-dimensional semiconductors. In this work,we show that monolayer MoS₂ exhibits tunable excitonicemission, when nanoneedle-like oxide protrusions form across the monolayersurface during a photo-oxidation-assisted exfoliation process. Theseprotrusions locally deform the lattice, generating spatially varyingstrain fields within the MoS₂ layer. Photoluminescenceand Raman measurements reveal a clear correlation between strainedregions, exciton peak shifts, and enhanced emission, with the photoluminescenceintensity increasing by approximately 3-fold, accompanied by a redshift of the in-plane (E¹_2g) vibrational mode, indicative of strain. Furthermore,selected monolayers and unexfoliated regions exhibit additional emergentnear-infrared photoluminescence features absent in pristine MoS₂. Unlike conventional strain-engineering approaches requiringexternal mechanical deformation, specialized substrate prepatterning,or complex heterostructures, this simple one-step process generatesintrinsic nanoneedle-induced strain, providing an effective routefor tailoring excitonic recombination and extending the optical responseof monolayer TMDCs.

This study evaluatesan integrated resource-recoveryroute forspent fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) catalysts, consisting of alkalineroasting, water leaching, adsorption/desorption, precipitation recovery,and leaching-residue valorization. Using the treatment of 1 t of spentFCC catalyst as the functional unit, environmental impacts were assessedin SimaPro 10.1 using Environmental Footprint 3.1 (adapted) as theprimary life-cycle impact assessment method, complemented by an operating-levelcost assessment, sensitivity analysis, and scenario analysis. Beforeproduct-substitution credits, the climate-change impacts of the wet-recoveryand leaching-residue-valorization stages were 1,536.56 and 1,940.11kg CO₂-eq, respectively. After system expansion, all 16main impact categories showed net environmental benefits under theadopted substitution assumptions; when the two freshwater-ecotoxicitysubindicators are included, all 18 displayed results were also netnegative. The net climate-change impact was – 2,257.14 kg CO₂-eq, while resource use for minerals and metals and fossilresources showed net reductions of 0.817 kg Sb-eq and 37,306.47 MJ,respectively. The estimated operating cost was 5,763.35 Chinese yuan(CNY) per t of spent catalyst, while the potential product revenuewas 53,254.45 CNY/t under the adopted market-price assumptions. Theseresults indicate favorable operating-level economic potential butshould not be interpreted as evidence of industrial profitability.Electricity consumption is the dominant driver of energy- and atmosphere-relatedimpacts, whereas CuSO₄·5H₂O and ammonium-containingreagents are important contributors to several toxicity- and eutrophication-relatedimpacts. The results therefore support a coordinated optimizationstrategy combining energy-efficiency improvement, low-carbon electricity,and reduction or substitution of high-impact reagents.

The growing global demand for clean and sustainable energyhasincreased interest in hydrogen as an alternative fuel that is bothaffordable and widely accessible. While substantial research has focusedon hydrogen generation through serpentinization, the potential oforganic-rich systems remains largely unexplored. Addressing this gaprequires systematic analysis of various organic-rich materials suchas shale, carbonate rocks, and coal to evaluate their capacity torelease hydrogen gas under different geological conditions. Such investigationscould significantly advance our understanding of their roles in naturalhydrogen systems. This study investigates the hydrogen generationpotential of selected organic-rich rock samples through pyrolysisexperiments conducted under controlled laboratory conditions. Thesamples were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence(XRF), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), andFourier transform infrared (FTIR), while the evolved gases were analyzedusing gas chromatography (GC). Hydrogen yields ranged from 0.22 to0.71 mg/g rock, with TOC-normalized yields between 4.2 and 29.4 mg/gTOC for all of the samples. Shale exhibited the highest hydrogen index(HI) of 885 mgHC/gTOC and contained type II kerogen, while coal, despiteits high TOC of about 30.71%, produced lesser hydrogen gas with anHI of 387 mgHC/gTOC. TGA and FTIR analyses confirmed the progressivedecomposition of organic functional groups associated with the releaseof hydrogen-rich gases. These findings suggest that organic-rich sedimentaryformations, particularly those overlain by low-permeability caprockssuch as tight shale, mudstone, or evaporites, may contribute to naturalhydrogen systems and support hydrogen retention under favorable geologicalconditions.