IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121338

Akiko Yoshida , Tetsuji Itoh , Hirotomo Nishihara

引用次数: 0

Amido-tailored self-template with internal porosity and self-doping toward N-doped porous carbons scaffold for silane deposition 具有内部孔隙度和自掺杂的酰胺定制自模板用于氮掺杂多孔碳支架沉积硅烷

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121361

Qiqi Shu , Wei He , Shiyu Tang , Miao Zhang , Zhengwei Xie

Porous carbons have demonstrated significant potential due to their abundant pore structure and customizable surface chemistry for silane deposition. This study presents a novel molecular design strategy to prepare N-doped porous carbons, centered on constructing self-template precursors with internal porosity and N self-doping properties. The precursor is synthesized through a stepwise process involving: (1) the polymerization of ethylenediamine and succinic acid, (2) cross-linking with epichlorohydrin, and (3) hydrolysis of amide bonds. Subsequently, the internal porosity of the precursor is further developed and enhanced through chemical activation, resulting in N-doped porous carbon (ABPC@x). Systematic investigation revealed that the molar ratio (x) of amino to carboxyl groups is a key parameter determining the ratio of hydrolysis sites available for pore formation and crosslinking sites responsible for structural stabilization, thereby influencing crosslinking density, N retention, and microstructure. The optimal sample, [email protected], which achieves a well-balanced ratio between hydrolysis and crosslinking sites, exhibits a high specific surface area of 1758 m²/g, a total pore volume of 0.90 cm³/g, pore size distribution of 0.5 ∼ 3.0 nm, and a single-particle compressive strength of ∼80 MPa. When used as a carbon scaffold for silane deposition, the resulting silicon/carbon anode demonstrates favorable initial electrochemical performance, with a charge capacity of 1718.32 mAh/g and an initial coulombic efficiency of 90.15%. This work not only validates the feasibility of combining self-template precursor design with chemical activation but also provides a valuable reference for the diversified preparation of porous carbons.

多孔碳由于其丰富的孔隙结构和可定制的表面化学特性，在硅烷沉积中显示出巨大的潜力。本研究提出了一种新的分子设计策略来制备N掺杂多孔碳，重点是构建具有内部孔隙度和N自掺杂性质的自模板前驱体。前驱体的合成过程包括：(1)乙二胺和琥珀酸的聚合，(2)与环氧氯丙烷交联，(3)酰胺键的水解。随后，前驱体的内部孔隙度通过化学活化进一步发展和增强，得到n掺杂多孔碳（ABPC@x）。系统研究表明，氨基与羧基的摩尔比(x)是决定可用于孔隙形成的水解位点和负责结构稳定的交联位点比例的关键参数，从而影响交联密度、N保留率和微观结构。最佳样品[email protected]实现了水解位点和交联位点之间的良好平衡比例，具有1758 m2/g的高比表面积，0.90 cm3/g的总孔体积，0.5 ~ 3.0 nm的孔径分布，单颗粒抗压强度为~ 80 MPa。当用作硅烷沉积的碳支架时，得到的硅/碳阳极具有良好的初始电化学性能，其电荷容量为1718.32 mAh/g，初始库仑效率为90.15%。本研究不仅验证了自模板前驱体设计与化学活化相结合的可行性，而且为多孔碳的多样化制备提供了有价值的参考。

{"title":"Amido-tailored self-template with internal porosity and self-doping toward N-doped porous carbons scaffold for silane deposition","authors":"Qiqi Shu , Wei He , Shiyu Tang , Miao Zhang , Zhengwei Xie","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous carbons have demonstrated significant potential due to their abundant pore structure and customizable surface chemistry for silane deposition. This study presents a novel molecular design strategy to prepare N-doped porous carbons, centered on constructing self-template precursors with internal porosity and N self-doping properties. The precursor is synthesized through a stepwise process involving: (1) the polymerization of ethylenediamine and succinic acid, (2) cross-linking with epichlorohydrin, and (3) hydrolysis of amide bonds. Subsequently, the internal porosity of the precursor is further developed and enhanced through chemical activation, resulting in N-doped porous carbon (ABPC@x). Systematic investigation revealed that the molar ratio (x) of amino to carboxyl groups is a key parameter determining the ratio of hydrolysis sites available for pore formation and crosslinking sites responsible for structural stabilization, thereby influencing crosslinking density, N retention, and microstructure. The optimal sample, [email protected], which achieves a well-balanced ratio between hydrolysis and crosslinking sites, exhibits a high specific surface area of 1758 m<sup>2</sup>/g, a total pore volume of 0.90 cm<sup>3</sup>/g, pore size distribution of 0.5 ∼ 3.0 nm, and a single-particle compressive strength of ∼80 MPa. When used as a carbon scaffold for silane deposition, the resulting silicon/carbon anode demonstrates favorable initial electrochemical performance, with a charge capacity of 1718.32 mAh/g and an initial coulombic efficiency of 90.15%. This work not only validates the feasibility of combining self-template precursor design with chemical activation but also provides a valuable reference for the diversified preparation of porous carbons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 121361"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Electronic effects of localized strain in graphene 石墨烯中局部应变的电子效应

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121343

Zviadi Zarkua , Robin Smeyers , Aleksandr Seliverstov , Renan Villarreal , Ahmed Samir Lotfy , Rikkie Joris , Muhammad Saad , Hung-Chieh Tsai , Stefan De Gendt , Steven Brems , Steven De Feyter , Felix Junge , Hans Hofsäss , Giovanni Di Santo , Luca Petaccia , Simona Achilli , E. Harriet Åhlgren , François M. Peeters , Milorad V. Milošević , Lucian Covaci , Lino M.C. Pereira

Strain is a key tuning parameter in solid-state systems, but most studies focus on strain fields extending over tens of nanometers or more. Here we investigate the extreme limit of ultra-localized strain in graphene, introduced through bond defects generated by ultralow-energy implantation of noble gas ions. Using molecular dynamics simulations, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy, we identify the formation and thermal stability of bond defects that locally stretch only a few CC bonds without removing or substituting atoms. Tight-binding calculations reveal that such bond defects induce local charge trapping, leading to substantial Fermi-level shifts. Synchrotron-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy directly confirms these predictions: even at modest defect densities (

\sim 1 0^{12} {cm}^{- 2}

), the graphene Fermi level shifts by up to 0.3 eV. This strong effect is remarkable given that it is achieved without altering graphene’s composition, in contrast to conventional impurity doping or vacancy formation. Upon thermal annealing, the electronic structure recovers towards the pristine state, showing that these effects can be tuned and reversed. Our results establish bond defects as a new class of functional disorder in graphene, capable of strongly modifying its electronic properties solely by bond rearrangement.

应变是固态系统的关键调谐参数，但大多数研究都集中在数十纳米或更大的应变场上。在这里，我们研究了石墨烯中超局部应变的极限，这是由惰性气体离子的超低能注入产生的键缺陷引起的。利用分子动力学模拟、拉曼光谱和扫描隧道显微镜，我们确定了键缺陷的形成和热稳定性，这些缺陷在不去除或取代原子的情况下只局部拉伸几个CC键。紧密结合的计算表明，这种键缺陷会引起局部电荷捕获，导致大量的费米能级位移。基于同步加速器的角度分辨光发射光谱直接证实了这些预测：即使在适度的缺陷密度（~ 1012cm−2）下，石墨烯费米能级也会发生高达0.3 eV的位移。与传统的杂质掺杂或空位形成相比，这种强烈的效应是值得注意的，因为它在不改变石墨烯成分的情况下实现。在热退火后，电子结构恢复到原始状态，表明这些影响可以被调谐和逆转。我们的研究结果表明，键缺陷是石墨烯中一类新的功能紊乱，仅通过键重排就能强烈地改变其电子特性。

{"title":"Electronic effects of localized strain in graphene","authors":"Zviadi Zarkua , Robin Smeyers , Aleksandr Seliverstov , Renan Villarreal , Ahmed Samir Lotfy , Rikkie Joris , Muhammad Saad , Hung-Chieh Tsai , Stefan De Gendt , Steven Brems , Steven De Feyter , Felix Junge , Hans Hofsäss , Giovanni Di Santo , Luca Petaccia , Simona Achilli , E. Harriet Åhlgren , François M. Peeters , Milorad V. Milošević , Lucian Covaci , Lino M.C. Pereira","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121343","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121343","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strain is a key tuning parameter in solid-state systems, but most studies focus on strain fields extending over tens of nanometers or more. Here we investigate the extreme limit of ultra-localized strain in graphene, introduced through bond defects generated by ultralow-energy implantation of noble gas ions. Using molecular dynamics simulations, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy, we identify the formation and thermal stability of bond defects that locally stretch only a few C<img>C bonds without removing or substituting atoms. Tight-binding calculations reveal that such bond defects induce local charge trapping, leading to substantial Fermi-level shifts. Synchrotron-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy directly confirms these predictions: even at modest defect densities (<span><math><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>1</mn><msup><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>12</mn></mrow></msup><mspace></mspace><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>), the graphene Fermi level shifts by up to 0.3 eV. This strong effect is remarkable given that it is achieved without altering graphene’s composition, in contrast to conventional impurity doping or vacancy formation. Upon thermal annealing, the electronic structure recovers towards the pristine state, showing that these effects can be tuned and reversed. Our results establish bond defects as a new class of functional disorder in graphene, capable of strongly modifying its electronic properties solely by bond rearrangement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 121343"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Zirconium metal-organic framework decorated polyacrylonitrile derivative composite fibers via electrospinning: construction of a continuous conductive network for integrated electromagnetic wave absorption, radar stealth and thermal insulation 静电纺丝金属锆-有机骨架装饰聚丙烯腈衍生物复合纤维：构建集电磁波吸收、雷达隐身和隔热于一体的连续导电网络

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121325

Xue Yi , Quan Wang , Ruiwen Shu , Xiaoqing Zhao , Run Huang , Konghu Tian , Xiaoli Ji , Zhijian Yan

Metal-organic framework (MOF) has become a highly promising electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing material due to its tunable composition and microstructure characteristics. This work systematically investigated the impact of two approaches for integrating Zr-MOF with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) on the electromagnetic properties of composite materials. One approach involved growing Zr-MOF on the surface of the pre-spun PAN fibers through the aqueous-phase synthesis method (ex-CNFs/ZrO₂/C), while the other method was to directly embed the pre-synthesized Zr-MOF into the PAN fibers matrix prepared by electrospinning (in-CNFs@ZrO₂/C). The resulting continuous three-dimensional network structure after calcination provided an effective pathway for electron transport, enhancing conduction loss of in-CNFs@ZrO₂/C. Furthermore, the numerous heterointerfaces formed among carbon nanofibers, ZrO₂ nanoparticles and residual carbon significantly boosted interfacial polarization loss. This combined effect led to outstanding EMW absorption performance at a low filling ratio of 11 wt%. The optimal minimum reflection loss of in-CNFs@ZrO₂/C was −66.85 dB at 3.18 mm, and a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 6.72 GHz was achieved at 2.29 mm. Additionally, the system demonstrated excellent thermal insulation performance and superior radar cross section reduction capability. Therefore, the as-prepared composite fibers could be utilized as multifunctional EMW absorbers.

金属有机骨架（MOF）由于其可调谐的成分和微结构特性而成为一种极具发展前景的电磁波吸收材料。本文系统地研究了Zr-MOF与聚丙烯腈（PAN）的两种集成方法对复合材料电磁性能的影响。一种方法是通过水相合成法（前cnfs /ZrO2/C）在预纺PAN纤维表面生长Zr-MOF，另一种方法是直接将预合成的Zr-MOF嵌入到静电纺丝制备的PAN纤维基体中（in-CNFs@ZrO2/C）。煅烧后形成的连续三维网络结构为电子传递提供了有效途径，增大了in-CNFs@ZrO2/C的传导损失。此外，碳纳米纤维、ZrO2纳米颗粒和残余碳之间形成的大量异质界面显著增加了界面极化损失。这种综合效应导致了在11wt %的低填充率下具有出色的EMW吸收性能。在3.18 mm处，in-CNFs@ZrO2/C的最佳最小反射损耗为- 66.85 dB，在2.29 mm处，有效吸收带宽为6.72 GHz。此外，该系统还具有优异的隔热性能和雷达截面积减小能力。因此，所制备的复合纤维可作为多功能的EMW吸波材料。

{"title":"Zirconium metal-organic framework decorated polyacrylonitrile derivative composite fibers via electrospinning: construction of a continuous conductive network for integrated electromagnetic wave absorption, radar stealth and thermal insulation","authors":"Xue Yi , Quan Wang , Ruiwen Shu , Xiaoqing Zhao , Run Huang , Konghu Tian , Xiaoli Ji , Zhijian Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121325","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121325","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-organic framework (MOF) has become a highly promising electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing material due to its tunable composition and microstructure characteristics. This work systematically investigated the impact of two approaches for integrating Zr-MOF with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) on the electromagnetic properties of composite materials. One approach involved growing Zr-MOF on the surface of the pre-spun PAN fibers through the aqueous-phase synthesis method (ex-CNFs/ZrO<sub>2</sub>/C), while the other method was to directly embed the pre-synthesized Zr-MOF into the PAN fibers matrix prepared by electrospinning (in-CNFs@ZrO<sub>2</sub>/C). The resulting continuous three-dimensional network structure after calcination provided an effective pathway for electron transport, enhancing conduction loss of in-CNFs@ZrO<sub>2</sub>/C. Furthermore, the numerous heterointerfaces formed among carbon nanofibers, ZrO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles and residual carbon significantly boosted interfacial polarization loss. This combined effect led to outstanding EMW absorption performance at a low filling ratio of 11 wt%. The optimal minimum reflection loss of in-CNFs@ZrO<sub>2</sub>/C was −66.85 dB at 3.18 mm, and a broad effective absorption bandwidth of 6.72 GHz was achieved at 2.29 mm. Additionally, the system demonstrated excellent thermal insulation performance and superior radar cross section reduction capability. Therefore, the as-prepared composite fibers could be utilized as multifunctional EMW absorbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 121325"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Autonomous adhesion enhancement of two-dimensional materials driven by interfacial evolution 界面演化驱动的二维材料自主粘附增强

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121355

Haojie Lang , Peipei Xu , Nannan Xia , Cong Li , Haoyang Su , Ruling Chen , Yao Huang , Kun Zou , Yitian Peng

Adhesion is a fundamental property of two-dimensional (2D) materials due to their intrinsic ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio, making adhesion very strong in many processes related to fabrication, integration, and performance of devices incorporating 2D materials. Here, time-dependent adhesion between 2D materials, including graphene, molybdenum disulfide, and hexagonal boron nitride, and silicon dioxide is investigated. The logarithmic increase in adhesion with contact time is attributed to the out-of-plane deformation of the topmost layer of 2D materials, which surpasses interlayer interactions, as revealed by van der Waals force calculations and density functional theory calculations of interfacial binding energy. Over time, the topmost layer spontaneously conforms to the contact surface, resulting in enhanced adhesion. Additionally, adhesion enhancement accelerates in high relative humidity environments, as the hydrogen bonding of water molecules strengthens the interfacial interaction. These studies based on experimental characterizations and computational analysis reveal that the adhesion of 2D materials is dynamic and can autonomously increase over time, driven by van der Waals force-induced interfacial evolution. This dynamic adhesion behavior is critical for the design and performance of 2D material-based electronic devices, lubricating coatings, sensors, and related applications.

附着力是二维（2D）材料的基本特性，由于其固有的超高表面体积比，使得附着力在许多与制造、集成和包含2D材料的器件性能相关的过程中非常强。本文研究了石墨烯、二硫化钼和六方氮化硼等二维材料与二氧化硅之间的时间依赖性粘附。根据范德华力计算和界面结合能的密度泛函理论计算，黏附力随接触时间的对数增长归因于二维材料最上层的面外变形，这种变形超过了层间的相互作用。随着时间的推移，最上层会自发地与接触面保持一致，从而增强附着力。此外，在相对湿度较高的环境中，由于水分子的氢键加强了界面相互作用，附着力增强的速度加快。这些基于实验表征和计算分析的研究表明，在范德华力诱导的界面演化的驱动下，二维材料的粘附是动态的，可以随时间自主增加。这种动态粘附行为对于基于二维材料的电子器件、润滑涂层、传感器和相关应用的设计和性能至关重要。

{"title":"Autonomous adhesion enhancement of two-dimensional materials driven by interfacial evolution","authors":"Haojie Lang , Peipei Xu , Nannan Xia , Cong Li , Haoyang Su , Ruling Chen , Yao Huang , Kun Zou , Yitian Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121355","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121355","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Adhesion is a fundamental property of two-dimensional (2D) materials due to their intrinsic ultrahigh surface-to-volume ratio, making adhesion very strong in many processes related to fabrication, integration, and performance of devices incorporating 2D materials. Here, time-dependent adhesion between 2D materials, including graphene, molybdenum disulfide, and hexagonal boron nitride, and silicon dioxide is investigated. The logarithmic increase in adhesion with contact time is attributed to the out-of-plane deformation of the topmost layer of 2D materials, which surpasses interlayer interactions, as revealed by van der Waals force calculations and density functional theory calculations of interfacial binding energy. Over time, the topmost layer spontaneously conforms to the contact surface, resulting in enhanced adhesion. Additionally, adhesion enhancement accelerates in high relative humidity environments, as the hydrogen bonding of water molecules strengthens the interfacial interaction. These studies based on experimental characterizations and computational analysis reveal that the adhesion of 2D materials is dynamic and can autonomously increase over time, driven by van der Waals force-induced interfacial evolution. This dynamic adhesion behavior is critical for the design and performance of 2D material-based electronic devices, lubricating coatings, sensors, and related applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 121355"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

High-yield inner-outer wall separation of double-wall carbon nanotubes via Nafion-temperature synergistic modulation 纳米温度协同调制双壁碳纳米管的高产率内外壁分离

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121323

Dehua Yang , Xiaofei Yang , Donghui Zhang , Xuan Chang , Jiayi Xing , Qing Gao , Xuning Zhang , Xueliang Yang , Jianxin Guo , Wei Xi , Huaping Liu , Jianhui Chen

Double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) offer promising properties for electronics and photovoltaics, and exhibit unique physical properties distinct from single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). However, both fundamental and applied research on DWCNTs have been limited by the lack of scalable methods for producing high-purity DWCNTs with uniform electronic type. Here, we report a high-yield separation method based on Nafion-assisted, temperature-controlled selective adsorption chromatography. Using this strategy, S@S, M@S, S@M, and M@M DWCNTs were obtained with a total yield of 58 mg per batch from mixed SWCNT/DWCNT samples. We further evaluated the separation purity of inner and outer walls. The outer-wall purities exceeded 95% for S@S and 98% for the other three types, with inner-wall purities of 90% (S@S), 88% (M@S), 81% (S@M), and 92% (M@M). In this method, Nafion-induced selective protonation creates electronic-type-dependent differences in surface charge and surfactant coverage, and elevated temperature further enhances this Nafion-induced effect, thus amplifying the differences in surfactant coverage of various DWCNTs and enabling precise control of their selective adsorption onto gel. This work marks a major advance towards scalable preparation of high-purity DWCNTs with identical electronic type and demonstrates the advantage of selective adsorption chromatography for their separation. It lays the groundwork for inner/outer wall chirality resolution and future studies on DWCNT properties and device applications.

双壁碳纳米管（DWCNTs）具有不同于单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）的独特物理特性，在电子和光伏领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而，由于缺乏可扩展的方法来制备具有均匀电子型的高纯度DWCNTs，对DWCNTs的基础研究和应用研究都受到了限制。在这里，我们报告了一种基于nafion辅助、温度控制的选择性吸附色谱的高产率分离方法。使用该策略，从SWCNT/DWCNT混合样品中获得了S@S、M@S、S@M和M@M DWCNTs，每批总收率为58 mg。我们进一步评价了内外壁的分离纯度。其中，S@S的外壁纯度超过95%，其余三种均超过98%，内壁纯度分别为90% （S@S）、88% （M@S）、81% （S@M）、92% （M@M）。在该方法中，nafion诱导的选择性质子化产生了电子类型依赖的表面电荷和表面活性剂覆盖的差异，升高的温度进一步增强了nafion诱导的这种效应，从而放大了各种DWCNTs表面活性剂覆盖的差异，并能够精确控制它们在凝胶上的选择性吸附。这项工作标志着在可扩展制备具有相同电子类型的高纯度DWCNTs方面取得了重大进展，并证明了选择性吸附色谱法对其分离的优势。它为小碳纳米管的内/外壁手性分辨率和未来小碳纳米管性质和器件应用的研究奠定了基础。

{"title":"High-yield inner-outer wall separation of double-wall carbon nanotubes via Nafion-temperature synergistic modulation","authors":"Dehua Yang , Xiaofei Yang , Donghui Zhang , Xuan Chang , Jiayi Xing , Qing Gao , Xuning Zhang , Xueliang Yang , Jianxin Guo , Wei Xi , Huaping Liu , Jianhui Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121323","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121323","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) offer promising properties for electronics and photovoltaics, and exhibit unique physical properties distinct from single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). However, both fundamental and applied research on DWCNTs have been limited by the lack of scalable methods for producing high-purity DWCNTs with uniform electronic type. Here, we report a high-yield separation method based on Nafion-assisted, temperature-controlled selective adsorption chromatography. Using this strategy, S@S, M@S, S@M, and M@M DWCNTs were obtained with a total yield of 58 mg per batch from mixed SWCNT/DWCNT samples. We further evaluated the separation purity of inner and outer walls. The outer-wall purities exceeded 95% for S@S and 98% for the other three types, with inner-wall purities of 90% (S@S), 88% (M@S), 81% (S@M), and 92% (M@M). In this method, Nafion-induced selective protonation creates electronic-type-dependent differences in surface charge and surfactant coverage, and elevated temperature further enhances this Nafion-induced effect, thus amplifying the differences in surfactant coverage of various DWCNTs and enabling precise control of their selective adsorption onto gel. This work marks a major advance towards scalable preparation of high-purity DWCNTs with identical electronic type and demonstrates the advantage of selective adsorption chromatography for their separation. It lays the groundwork for inner/outer wall chirality resolution and future studies on DWCNT properties and device applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 121323"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances on multi-heteroatom doped carbon catalysts: Synthesis, mechanistic insight, synergies, and application in microbial electrochemical energy, fuel and chemical production 多杂原子掺杂碳催化剂的合成、机理、协同作用及其在微生物电化学能源、燃料和化工生产中的应用研究进展

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121315

Seyed Masoud Parsa , Seyed Mohammad Reza Miraboutalebi , Shahin Shoeibi , Xinbo Zhang , Jixiang Li , Huu Hao Ngo , Wenshan Guo , Bing-Jie Ni

Multi-heteroatom doping strategy emerged as a promising approach to overcome the limitations of carbon electrocatalysts through providing synergistic effects to tune electronic structures, increase/optimize active sites, improve stability, enhance biocompatibility and conductivity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis on progress in multi-heteroatom doped carbon electrocatalysts in microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) for wastewater treatment toward power generation, biohydrogen production, and CO₂ valorization through microbial fuel cells (MFCs), microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), and microbial electrosynthesis (MESs) respectively. Initially, the synthesis strategies from template-free pyrolysis and templating methods to advance MOF-derived and self-sacrificial routes were briefly summarized. Following, mechanistic insights by focusing on integration of advanced theoretical calculations and operando characterizations to understand how multi-doping tailor adsorption energies, charge redistribution, and intermediate stabilization in key electrocatalytic reactions such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) were thoroughly elucidated. Importantly, the structure–function relationships that link dopant type, coordination environment, and defect engineering with catalytic activity, durability, and selectivity were further elaborated. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions for designing advanced high-performance electrocatalysts toward sustainable practical METs were suggested.

多杂原子掺杂策略通过提供协同效应来调整电子结构，增加/优化活性位点，提高稳定性，增强生物相容性和导电性，是克服碳电催化剂局限性的一种很有前途的方法。本文综述了多杂原子掺杂碳电催化剂在微生物电化学技术（METs）中的研究进展，这些技术分别用于微生物燃料电池（mfc）、微生物电解电池（MECs）和微生物电合成（MESs）的废水发电、生物制氢和二氧化碳气化处理。首先，简要总结了从无模板热解和模板法到推进mof衍生和自我牺牲路线的合成策略。随后，通过将先进的理论计算和operando表征相结合，深入了解了多掺杂如何在氧还原反应（ORR）、析氢反应（HER）和CO2还原反应（CO2RR）等关键电催化反应中调整吸附能、电荷重分配和中间稳定的机理。重要的是，进一步阐述了掺杂类型、配位环境和缺陷工程与催化活性、耐久性和选择性之间的结构-功能关系。最后，提出了面向可持续实用METs的高性能电催化剂设计面临的挑战和未来的研究方向。

{"title":"Advances on multi-heteroatom doped carbon catalysts: Synthesis, mechanistic insight, synergies, and application in microbial electrochemical energy, fuel and chemical production","authors":"Seyed Masoud Parsa , Seyed Mohammad Reza Miraboutalebi , Shahin Shoeibi , Xinbo Zhang , Jixiang Li , Huu Hao Ngo , Wenshan Guo , Bing-Jie Ni","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multi-heteroatom doping strategy emerged as a promising approach to overcome the limitations of carbon electrocatalysts through providing synergistic effects to tune electronic structures, increase/optimize active sites, improve stability, enhance biocompatibility and conductivity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis on progress in multi-heteroatom doped carbon electrocatalysts in microbial electrochemical technologies (METs) for wastewater treatment toward power generation, biohydrogen production, and CO<sub>2</sub> valorization through microbial fuel cells (MFCs), microbial electrolysis cells (MECs), and microbial electrosynthesis (MESs) respectively. Initially, the synthesis strategies from template-free pyrolysis and templating methods to advance MOF-derived and self-sacrificial routes were briefly summarized. Following, mechanistic insights by focusing on integration of advanced theoretical calculations and operando characterizations to understand how multi-doping tailor adsorption energies, charge redistribution, and intermediate stabilization in key electrocatalytic reactions such as the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and CO<sub>2</sub> reduction reaction (CO<sub>2</sub>RR) were thoroughly elucidated. Importantly, the structure–function relationships that link dopant type, coordination environment, and defect engineering with catalytic activity, durability, and selectivity were further elaborated. Finally, the current challenges and future research directions for designing advanced high-performance electrocatalysts toward sustainable practical METs were suggested.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 121315"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Selective homoepitaxial growth of buried diamond films with NV centers 具有NV中心的埋藏金刚石薄膜的选择性同外延生长

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-03-05 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121307

K. Hayashi , Y. Nakamura , M. Katayama , K. Shimamura , R. Yoshida , K. Kobayashi , K. Ichikawa , T. Yoshikawa , T. Matsumoto , T. Inokuma , S. Yamasaki , C.E. Nebel , N. Tokuda

We develop a buried-growth process for NV centers based on microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition that integrates selective etching and growth in a single process. Au/Ti metal masks patterned on (100) and (111) diamond substrates define micrometer-scale regions where the diamond is selectively etched by an H₂+N₂ plasma, followed by local CVD growth of NV-doped diamond within the etched regions, thereby enabling selective buried formation of NV centers. Confocal fluorescence imaging shows that NV centers are selectively buried in patterned regions on both (100) and (111) diamonds. Optically detected magnetic resonance under a static field applied from the backside of the substrates reveals that highly aligned NV centers are formed in the buried regions of the (111) diamond. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the formation of Ti₂N at the Au/Ti/diamond during H₂+N₂ plasma processing, which we identify as the origin of the improved hydrogen resistance. The CVD diamond-layer buried-growth process demonstrated here provides a robust and versatile route to selectively buried NV centers and is readily extendable to buried doped layers for future diamond-based electronic and quantum devices.

我们开发了一种基于微波等离子体化学气相沉积的NV中心埋地生长工艺，该工艺将选择性蚀刻和生长集成在一个过程中。（100）和（111）金刚石衬底上的Au/Ti金属掩模定义了微米尺度的区域，其中金刚石被H2+N2等离子体选择性蚀刻，然后在蚀刻区域内局部CVD生长掺杂NV的金刚石，从而实现选择性埋藏形成NV中心。共聚焦荧光成像显示NV中心选择性地埋藏在（100）和（111）钻石的图案区域中。从衬底背面施加静态场下的光学检测磁共振显示，在（111）金刚石的埋藏区域形成了高度排列的NV中心。x射线衍射测量表明，在H2+N2等离子体处理过程中，在Au/Ti/金刚石处形成了Ti2N，我们认为这是提高抗氢性能的原因。本文所展示的CVD金刚石层埋地生长工艺为选择性埋地NV中心提供了一种稳健和通用的途径，并且很容易扩展到未来基于金刚石的电子和量子器件的埋地掺杂层。

{"title":"Selective homoepitaxial growth of buried diamond films with NV centers","authors":"K. Hayashi , Y. Nakamura , M. Katayama , K. Shimamura , R. Yoshida , K. Kobayashi , K. Ichikawa , T. Yoshikawa , T. Matsumoto , T. Inokuma , S. Yamasaki , C.E. Nebel , N. Tokuda","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We develop a buried-growth process for NV centers based on microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition that integrates selective etching and growth in a single process. Au/Ti metal masks patterned on (100) and (111) diamond substrates define micrometer-scale regions where the diamond is selectively etched by an H<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> plasma, followed by local CVD growth of NV-doped diamond within the etched regions, thereby enabling selective buried formation of NV centers. Confocal fluorescence imaging shows that NV centers are selectively buried in patterned regions on both (100) and (111) diamonds. Optically detected magnetic resonance under a static field applied from the backside of the substrates reveals that highly aligned NV centers are formed in the buried regions of the (111) diamond. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the formation of Ti<sub>2</sub>N at the Au/Ti/diamond during H<sub>2</sub>+N<sub>2</sub> plasma processing, which we identify as the origin of the improved hydrogen resistance. The CVD diamond-layer buried-growth process demonstrated here provides a robust and versatile route to selectively buried NV centers and is readily extendable to buried doped layers for future diamond-based electronic and quantum devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"251 ","pages":"Article 121307"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Film-type carbon nanotube thermal interface materials for advanced thermal management: A study on interfacial resistance 用于高级热管理的薄膜型碳纳米管热界面材料：界面阻力研究

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-02-20 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121288

Tomoki Okumura , Takayuki Nakano , Yoku Inoue

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess high thermal conductivity and mechanical flexibility, making them promising candidates for thermal interface materials (TIMs) for high-density heat-generating components requiring heat dissipation solutions. In this study, we fabricated a film-type CNT-TIM by sandwiching a thin polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) film between two opposing CNT forests. The transient thermal response, analyzed using the thermal structure function, revealed a low thermal resistance of 0.7 cm²K/W at a contact pressure of 100 kPa, including the interfacial contact thermal resistance with the heat source and heat sink. This performance is comparable to TIMs with CNTs grown directly on both sides of Cu or Al foils, and to conventional thermal grease. These results indicate that the thermal resistance of the contact interface is the dominant factor over the bulk material. The CNT-TIM with the PPS interlayer demonstrated a stable and robust solid-state TIM as a substitute for thermal grease. This research offers an effective manufacturing process to advance the practical application of CNT-based TIMs.

碳纳米管（CNTs）具有高导热性和机械灵活性，使其成为需要散热解决方案的高密度发热部件的热界面材料（TIMs）的有希望的候选者。在这项研究中，我们通过将一层薄薄的聚苯硫醚（PPS）薄膜夹在两个相对的碳纳米管林中来制备薄膜型碳纳米管tim。利用热结构函数分析瞬态热响应，发现在接触压力为100 kPa时，热阻较低，为0.7 cm2K/W，包括与热源和散热器的界面接触热阻。这种性能与直接在Cu或Al箔两侧生长碳纳米管的TIMs以及传统的导热润滑脂相当。这些结果表明，接触界面的热阻是块体材料的主要因素。具有PPS中间层的CNT-TIM证明了一种稳定而坚固的固态TIM作为导热脂的替代品。本研究为推进碳纳米管基TIMs的实际应用提供了一种有效的制造工艺。

{"title":"Film-type carbon nanotube thermal interface materials for advanced thermal management: A study on interfacial resistance","authors":"Tomoki Okumura , Takayuki Nakano , Yoku Inoue","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) possess high thermal conductivity and mechanical flexibility, making them promising candidates for thermal interface materials (TIMs) for high-density heat-generating components requiring heat dissipation solutions. In this study, we fabricated a film-type CNT-TIM by sandwiching a thin polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) film between two opposing CNT forests. The transient thermal response, analyzed using the thermal structure function, revealed a low thermal resistance of 0.7 cm<sup>2</sup>K/W at a contact pressure of 100 kPa, including the interfacial contact thermal resistance with the heat source and heat sink. This performance is comparable to TIMs with CNTs grown directly on both sides of Cu or Al foils, and to conventional thermal grease. These results indicate that the thermal resistance of the contact interface is the dominant factor over the bulk material. The CNT-TIM with the PPS interlayer demonstrated a stable and robust solid-state TIM as a substitute for thermal grease. This research offers an effective manufacturing process to advance the practical application of CNT-based TIMs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121288"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Design and synthesis of core-shell Fe4N@C nanowires for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption and corrosion resistance 高效电磁波吸收和耐腐蚀的核壳纳米线Fe4N@C的设计与合成

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2026-02-20 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121306

Shuting Zhang , Chengguo Wang , Meijie Yu

To further enhance electromagnetic wave absorption capability and the marine corrosion resistance of ferromagnetic metallic materials, a dual-strategy approach combining the construction of the one-dimensional core-shell structure with Fe₄N phase transition was proposed. Through in-situ phenolic resin polymerization on Fe nanowire followed by carbonization-nitridation, core-shell Fe₄N@C nanowires were synthesized, where Fe₄N particles were successfully confined within high-aspect-ratio carbon shells. Distinctive structural and composition design optimized impedance matching and endowed the material with multiple loss mechanisms, including significant conductive loss, interfacial polarization, defect-induced dipole polarization and magnetic loss. Owing to a more balanced dielectric-magnetic synergistic loss relationship, the thicker-shell sample FWCN-2 achieved an impressive minimum reflection loss of −60.51 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 7.28 GHz (2.65 mm, 10.72–18.00 GHz) at low filler loading, demonstrating outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Moreover, by Fe₄N phase transformation, FWCN-2 exhibited enhanced corrosion resistance in marine environments (E_corr = −0.13V, I_corr = 2.63 μA/cm²). This work offered a scalable and structure-guided route to lightweight, broadband, and corrosion-resistant electromagnetic wave absorbers.

为了进一步提高铁磁性金属材料的电磁波吸收能力和耐海洋腐蚀能力，提出了一种将一维核壳结构的构建与Fe4N相变相结合的双策略方法。通过酚醛树脂原位聚合Fe纳米线，然后碳化-氮化，合成了核壳Fe4N@C纳米线，其中Fe4N颗粒成功地限制在高纵横比的碳壳中。独特的结构和组成设计优化了阻抗匹配，并赋予材料多种损耗机制，包括显著的导电损耗、界面极化、缺陷诱导偶极子极化和磁损耗。由于更平衡的介质-磁协同损耗关系，厚壳样品fwn -2在低填料负载下的最小反射损耗为- 60.51 dB，最大有效吸收带宽为7.28 GHz (2.65 mm, 10.72-18.00 GHz)，表现出出色的电磁波吸收性能。通过Fe4N相变，FWCN-2在海洋环境中的耐蚀性增强（Ecorr = - 0.13V, Icorr = 2.63 μA/cm2）。这项工作为轻型、宽带和耐腐蚀电磁波吸收器提供了一种可扩展和结构导向的途径。

{"title":"Design and synthesis of core-shell Fe4N@C nanowires for efficient electromagnetic wave absorption and corrosion resistance","authors":"Shuting Zhang , Chengguo Wang , Meijie Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To further enhance electromagnetic wave absorption capability and the marine corrosion resistance of ferromagnetic metallic materials, a dual-strategy approach combining the construction of the one-dimensional core-shell structure with Fe<sub>4</sub>N phase transition was proposed. Through in-situ phenolic resin polymerization on Fe nanowire followed by carbonization-nitridation, core-shell Fe<sub>4</sub>N@C nanowires were synthesized, where Fe<sub>4</sub>N particles were successfully confined within high-aspect-ratio carbon shells. Distinctive structural and composition design optimized impedance matching and endowed the material with multiple loss mechanisms, including significant conductive loss, interfacial polarization, defect-induced dipole polarization and magnetic loss. Owing to a more balanced dielectric-magnetic synergistic loss relationship, the thicker-shell sample FWCN-2 achieved an impressive minimum reflection loss of −60.51 dB and a maximum effective absorption bandwidth of 7.28 GHz (2.65 mm, 10.72–18.00 GHz) at low filler loading, demonstrating outstanding electromagnetic wave absorption performance. Moreover, by Fe<sub>4</sub>N phase transformation, FWCN-2 exhibited enhanced corrosion resistance in marine environments (<em>E</em><sub><em>corr</em></sub> = −0.13V, <em>I</em><sub><em>corr</em></sub> = 2.63 μA/cm<sup>2</sup>). This work offered a scalable and structure-guided route to lightweight, broadband, and corrosion-resistant electromagnetic wave absorbers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"250 ","pages":"Article 121306"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon最新文献