Debates regarding sex work laws in the contemporary context are imbued with assumptions regarding the clients of sex workers. While in recent years research regarding the motivations and identities of clients has grown more common, clients were historically neglected in sex work research and there is little understanding of how they operate in a decriminalised environment. Despite the lack of research regarding clients in New Zealand’s decriminalised environment, the conduct of clients has been subject to intense speculation, particularly among campaigners outside of New Zealand who oppose decriminalisation. This chapter provides critical insights which complicates this speculation, presenting in-depth, qualitative research on the experiences of 12 clients who have paid for sex in the decriminalised context. Specifically, this chapter explores how these clients navigated their interactions with sex workers in this environment and considers how their conduct aligns with the PRA, which prioritises the rights and occupational health and safety of sex workers. The experiences of participants clearly indicated an acute awareness of the rights of sex workers and a perception that sex workers were not objects to be used, but individuals deserving of respect.
{"title":"“My Dollar Doesn’t Mean I’ve Got Any Power or Control over Them”:","authors":"Shannon Mower","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.12","url":null,"abstract":"Debates regarding sex work laws in the contemporary context are imbued with assumptions regarding the clients of sex workers. While in recent years research regarding the motivations and identities of clients has grown more common, clients were historically neglected in sex work research and there is little understanding of how they operate in a decriminalised environment. Despite the lack of research regarding clients in New Zealand’s decriminalised environment, the conduct of clients has been subject to intense speculation, particularly among campaigners outside of New Zealand who oppose decriminalisation. This chapter provides critical insights which complicates this speculation, presenting in-depth, qualitative research on the experiences of 12 clients who have paid for sex in the decriminalised context. Specifically, this chapter explores how these clients navigated their interactions with sex workers in this environment and considers how their conduct aligns with the PRA, which prioritises the rights and occupational health and safety of sex workers. The experiences of participants clearly indicated an acute awareness of the rights of sex workers and a perception that sex workers were not objects to be used, but individuals deserving of respect.","PeriodicalId":265367,"journal":{"name":"Sex Work and the New Zealand Model","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120950518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-22DOI: 10.46692/9781529205770.011
G. Abel
Street-based sex workers are part of the community in which they work – some live close to where they work and most contribute to the economy of the community through patronage of cafes, service stations and other shops. Yet they are marginalised and stigmatised and are seldom seen as community members by business owners and residents within that community. This chapter draws on interviews with street-based sex workers, residents, Council representatives and outreach workers in two cities in New Zealand. It discusses the spaces within these two cities where street-based sex work is (and is not) accepted by others in the community, as well as how the tensions within these spaces have been addressed. The chapter argues for a community engagement process to relieve community tensions rather than regulatory approaches, which too often have unintended consequences.
{"title":"Contested Space: Street-based Sex Workers and Community Engagement","authors":"G. Abel","doi":"10.46692/9781529205770.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529205770.011","url":null,"abstract":"Street-based sex workers are part of the community in which they work – some live close to where they work and most contribute to the economy of the community through patronage of cafes, service stations and other shops. Yet they are marginalised and stigmatised and are seldom seen as community members by business owners and residents within that community. This chapter draws on interviews with street-based sex workers, residents, Council representatives and outreach workers in two cities in New Zealand. It discusses the spaces within these two cities where street-based sex work is (and is not) accepted by others in the community, as well as how the tensions within these spaces have been addressed. The chapter argues for a community engagement process to relieve community tensions rather than regulatory approaches, which too often have unintended consequences.","PeriodicalId":265367,"journal":{"name":"Sex Work and the New Zealand Model","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121624567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘On the Clients’ Terms’:","authors":"J. Jordan","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265367,"journal":{"name":"Sex Work and the New Zealand Model","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130077564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Research that focuses specifically on cis-gender sex workers, has demonstrated that the decriminalization of sex work in New Zealand has significantly improved police/sex worker relationships (cf Armstrong 2016). However, there is an absence of research that addresses the safety needs of, and law enforcement responses towards, transgender and non-binary sex workers, who may face additional challenges in terms of work safety and police protection, and who suffer disproportionately from violence and from intolerance in the community (Harcourt et al. 2001). This chapter draws from qualitative research interviews conducted with trans and non-binary sex workers in Wellington, Auckland and Christchurch from 2016 to 2018. Drawing from these interviews, this chapter explores the impacts of decriminalization on worker perceptions of safety, on their work conditions, on their security practices and on their relationships with law enforcement. While emphasizing the benefits of decriminalization, this chapter will also explore the barriers that may continue to exist for some workers in accessing safe working conditions.
一项专门针对顺性性工作者的研究表明，新西兰性工作的非刑事化显著改善了警察与性工作者的关系(cf Armstrong 2016)。然而，缺乏针对跨性别和非二元性工作者的安全需求和执法反应的研究，他们可能在工作安全和警察保护方面面临额外的挑战，并且他们遭受了不成比例的暴力和社区中的不容忍(Harcourt et al. 2001)。本章取材于2016年至2018年在惠灵顿、奥克兰和基督城对跨性别和非二元性工作者进行的定性研究访谈。根据这些访谈，本章探讨了除罪化对工人对安全的看法、对他们的工作条件、对他们的安全实践以及他们与执法部门的关系的影响。在强调非刑事化的好处的同时，本章还将探讨一些工人在获得安全工作条件方面可能继续存在的障碍。
{"title":"The Impacts of Decriminalisation for Trans Sex Workers","authors":"F. Gilmour","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.10","url":null,"abstract":"Research that focuses specifically on cis-gender sex workers, has demonstrated that the decriminalization of sex work in New Zealand has significantly improved police/sex worker relationships (cf Armstrong 2016). However, there is an absence of research that addresses the safety needs of, and law enforcement responses towards, transgender and non-binary sex workers, who may face additional challenges in terms of work safety and police protection, and who suffer disproportionately from violence and from intolerance in the community (Harcourt et al. 2001). This chapter draws from qualitative research interviews conducted with trans and non-binary sex workers in Wellington, Auckland and Christchurch from 2016 to 2018. Drawing from these interviews, this chapter explores the impacts of decriminalization on worker perceptions of safety, on their work conditions, on their security practices and on their relationships with law enforcement. While emphasizing the benefits of decriminalization, this chapter will also explore the barriers that may continue to exist for some workers in accessing safe working conditions.","PeriodicalId":265367,"journal":{"name":"Sex Work and the New Zealand Model","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114168426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265367,"journal":{"name":"Sex Work and the New Zealand Model","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125160687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-22DOI: 10.46692/9781529205770.003
Jan Jordan
Prior to the passing of the PRA in 2003, selling sexual services was effectively illegal and sex workers managed ongoing risks of criminalisation and associated fear. The legal consequences of soliciting charges were severe and had significant and enduring impacts. Sex workers were also highly vulnerable to abuse, violence and exploitation, while their clients were able to operate with relative impunity, representing a significant double standard. This chapter outlines the history of prostitution in New Zealand, focusing on the social and legal context in the years leading up to the passing of the PRA. It draws on existing research documenting both the social stigma associated with prostitution as well as the legal sanctions against sex workers. As such this chapter provides a contextual framework for the chapters that follow by offering a window into how sex workers’ lives were negatively impacted upon, and their safety compromised, by the legal environment pre-decriminalisation.
{"title":"‘On the Clients’ Terms’: Sex Work Before Decriminalisation","authors":"Jan Jordan","doi":"10.46692/9781529205770.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781529205770.003","url":null,"abstract":"Prior to the passing of the PRA in 2003, selling sexual services was effectively illegal and sex workers managed ongoing risks of criminalisation and associated fear. The legal consequences of soliciting charges were severe and had significant and enduring impacts. Sex workers were also highly vulnerable to abuse, violence and exploitation, while their clients were able to operate with relative impunity, representing a significant double standard. \u0000This chapter outlines the history of prostitution in New Zealand, focusing on the social and legal context in the years leading up to the passing of the PRA. It draws on existing research documenting both the social stigma associated with prostitution as well as the legal sanctions against sex workers. As such this chapter provides a contextual framework for the chapters that follow by offering a window into how sex workers’ lives were negatively impacted upon, and their safety compromised, by the legal environment pre-decriminalisation.","PeriodicalId":265367,"journal":{"name":"Sex Work and the New Zealand Model","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130963057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fear of Trafficking or Implicit Prejudice?","authors":"Lynzi Armstrong, G. Abel, Michael Roguski","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265367,"journal":{"name":"Sex Work and the New Zealand Model","volume":"144 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116392996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective (NZPC), formed in 1987 by sex workers, led the advocacy for the decriminalisation of sex work in New Zealand. Since this time, the organisation has maintained a prominent role in supporting sex workers to realise their rights and is often called upon to assist in addressing situations where sex workers can access justice. Reflecting on times prior to, during, and after the legislative change that decriminalised sex work, this chapter explores key issues that face sex workers in New Zealand’s decriminalised sex industry. While the decriminalised model has had significant benefits, sex workers continue to negotiate challenges in this context. This chapter outlines the formation of the NZPC, reflecting on the issues facing sex workers prior to the law change, and the process of decriminalisation, before discussing enduring issues relating to its implementation. As such, this chapter outlines the situation regarding sex worker’s rights in the current context, highlighting the strengths and limitations of the decriminalised framework and presenting a vision for the future to further enhance the rights of sex workers in New Zealand and beyond.
{"title":"Stepping Forward Into the Light of Decriminalisation","authors":"Dame Catherine Healy, Annah Pickering, Chanel Hati","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.8","url":null,"abstract":"The New Zealand Prostitutes’ Collective (NZPC), formed in 1987 by sex workers, led the advocacy for the decriminalisation of sex work in New Zealand. Since this time, the organisation has maintained a prominent role in supporting sex workers to realise their rights and is often called upon to assist in addressing situations where sex workers can access justice. Reflecting on times prior to, during, and after the legislative change that decriminalised sex work, this chapter explores key issues that face sex workers in New Zealand’s decriminalised sex industry.\u0000While the decriminalised model has had significant benefits, sex workers continue to negotiate challenges in this context. This chapter outlines the formation of the NZPC, reflecting on the issues facing sex workers prior to the law change, and the process of decriminalisation, before discussing enduring issues relating to its implementation. As such, this chapter outlines the situation regarding sex worker’s rights in the current context, highlighting the strengths and limitations of the decriminalised framework and presenting a vision for the future to further enhance the rights of sex workers in New Zealand and beyond.","PeriodicalId":265367,"journal":{"name":"Sex Work and the New Zealand Model","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122245081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Genuinely Keen to Work”:","authors":"Gwyn Easterbrook-Smith","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265367,"journal":{"name":"Sex Work and the New Zealand Model","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125483197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1453kvn.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265367,"journal":{"name":"Sex Work and the New Zealand Model","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127165410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：