Pub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100761
Gan Wang, Wenguang Zhang, Yongzhi Liu, Guangfeng Dong, Mengyuan Fu, Yang Wang, Peng Sun, Jiangting Liu
Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg (TH) is a herbaceous vine in the family Vitaceae with known immune-enhancing properties. However, the bioactive components and therapeutic mechanisms of TH remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a comprehensive approach integrating pharmacodynamic validation, serum pharmacochemistry, and network pharmacology to determine the immunomodulatory effects of TH and screen for its bioactive components. Firstly, the immunomodulatory effects of TH on mice were analyzed and confirmed by monitoring body weight changes, organ indices, serum results, and TCR sequencing. Secondly, the prototype components absorbed into blood in plasma after administration of TH ethanol extract (THE) were analyzed and identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS, and ten prototype components were characterized, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids. Finally, the obtained plasma components were input into the SwissTarget Prediction tool for drug target prediction, and disease targets were obtained from the Genecard and DrugBank databases. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen and determine core targets such as AKT1, STAT3, HIF1A. By identifying the plasma components of THE and their predicted core targets, this study provides a pharmacological basis for further investigation into the immunomodulatory mechanisms of TH.
四柱藤（Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg）是一种已知具有免疫增强特性的葡萄科草本植物。然而，TH的生物活性成分和治疗机制尚不清楚。因此，本研究旨在建立一种结合药效学验证、血清药物化学和网络药理学的综合方法来确定TH的免疫调节作用并筛选其生物活性成分。首先，通过监测小鼠体重变化、脏器指数、血清结果和TCR测序，分析并证实TH对小鼠的免疫调节作用。其次，采用UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap质谱分析鉴定了给药后血浆中吸收到血液中的原型成分，并对10种原型成分进行了表征，主要为酚酸类和黄酮类。最后，将获得的血浆成分输入SwissTarget预测工具进行药物靶点预测，并从Genecard和DrugBank数据库中获得疾病靶点。随后，构建蛋白蛋白相互作用（PPI）网络，筛选和确定核心靶点，如AKT1、STAT3、HIF1A。本研究通过鉴定the的血浆成分及其预测的核心靶点，为进一步研究TH的免疫调节机制提供了药理学基础。
{"title":"An integrated study on the immunomodulatory effects of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum Diels et Gilg in mice: Pharmacodynamics, serum pharmacochemistry, and network pharmacology","authors":"Gan Wang, Wenguang Zhang, Yongzhi Liu, Guangfeng Dong, Mengyuan Fu, Yang Wang, Peng Sun, Jiangting Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Tetrastigma hemsleyanum</em> Diels et Gilg (TH) is a herbaceous vine in the family Vitaceae with known immune-enhancing properties. However, the bioactive components and therapeutic mechanisms of TH remain unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to establish a comprehensive approach integrating pharmacodynamic validation, serum pharmacochemistry, and network pharmacology to determine the immunomodulatory effects of TH and screen for its bioactive components. Firstly, the immunomodulatory effects of TH on mice were analyzed and confirmed by monitoring body weight changes, organ indices, serum results, and TCR sequencing. Secondly, the prototype components absorbed into blood in plasma after administration of TH ethanol extract (THE) were analyzed and identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS, and ten prototype components were characterized, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids. Finally, the obtained plasma components were input into the SwissTarget Prediction tool for drug target prediction, and disease targets were obtained from the Genecard and DrugBank databases. Subsequently, a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed to screen and determine core targets such as AKT1, STAT3, HIF1A. By identifying the plasma components of THE and their predicted core targets, this study provides a pharmacological basis for further investigation into the immunomodulatory mechanisms of TH.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 9","pages":"Article 100761"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148996518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-07-31DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100762
Tao Zhang, Qingping Wang, Chongyu Shi, Huiyi Wen, Junchao Liu, Jianqun Liu
<div><div>Supramolecular assemblies (SMAs) formed during traditional decoction are increasingly recognized as an important physical-state contributor to the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but whether these assemblies form reproducibly in Chinese herbal formula granules—and how excipients and thermal history modulate their behavior—remains poorly characterized. We compared the herb pair <em>Magnolia officinalis</em>–<em>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</em> prepared as a traditional co-decoction (MG) and as reconstituted formula granules (MGFG). SMAs were enriched by centrifugation followed by dialysis to yield MG-SMAs and MGFG-SMAs (0, 30, and 60 min re-decoction). An excipient-containing model was generated by adding dextrin, and the corresponding assembly-enriched colloidal fraction was operationally designated MGE-SMAs. We systematically compared assembly morphology and solution-phase colloidal properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) and probed the assembly microenvironment using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis). Chemical profiling was performed by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) combined with multivariate analyses, and representative constituents were quantified by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity was evaluated by growth-inhibition curves (OD<sub>600</sub>), MIC/MBC assays, and Live/Dead staining. The MG decoction presented a highly heterogeneous dispersion (1040.97 ± 91.00 nm; PDI 0.98 ± 0.02), whereas its centrifugation- and dialysis-derived colloidal fraction, MG-SMAs, exhibited a narrower nanoscale particle-size distribution (229.43 ± 3.27 nm; PDI 0.15 ± 0.07) with a similarly weakly negative ζ-potential and reduced conductivity, consistent with enrichment of a defined colloidal fraction. Addition of dextrin and reconstitution from granules increased dispersity (PDI 0.56–0.71) and reduced |ζ| (≈ −7 mV), indicating excipient- and processing-induced heterogeneity. Re-decoction was associated with time-dependent changes in the colloidal properties of MGFG-derived fractions. Compared with unheated MGFG-SMAs, MGFG-SMAs-30 exhibited a lower mean hydrodynamic particle size and PDI, while extending re-decoction to 60 min produced no further reduction in these parameters. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS revealed broadly overlapping component coverage but a preparation-dependent redistribution of metabolites, and HPLC confirmed selective enrichment and depletion trends among marker compounds. Functionally, MG and MG-SMAs showed the same MIC against S. aureus (0.8 mg/mL), whereas excipient-containing systems required higher inhibitory concentrations; among granule-derived samples, MGFG-SMAs-30 produced the strongest inhibition. Although the excipients increased the concentration required for antibacterial
{"title":"Comparative supramolecular assemblies in traditional decoctions and formula granules of Magnolia officinalis–Glycyrrhiza uralensis: Roles of excipients and thermal history","authors":"Tao Zhang, Qingping Wang, Chongyu Shi, Huiyi Wen, Junchao Liu, Jianqun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Supramolecular assemblies (SMAs) formed during traditional decoction are increasingly recognized as an important physical-state contributor to the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but whether these assemblies form reproducibly in Chinese herbal formula granules—and how excipients and thermal history modulate their behavior—remains poorly characterized. We compared the herb pair <em>Magnolia officinalis</em>–<em>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</em> prepared as a traditional co-decoction (MG) and as reconstituted formula granules (MGFG). SMAs were enriched by centrifugation followed by dialysis to yield MG-SMAs and MGFG-SMAs (0, 30, and 60 min re-decoction). An excipient-containing model was generated by adding dextrin, and the corresponding assembly-enriched colloidal fraction was operationally designated MGE-SMAs. We systematically compared assembly morphology and solution-phase colloidal properties using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) and probed the assembly microenvironment using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis). Chemical profiling was performed by Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) combined with multivariate analyses, and representative constituents were quantified by High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Anti-Staphylococcus aureus activity was evaluated by growth-inhibition curves (OD<sub>600</sub>), MIC/MBC assays, and Live/Dead staining. The MG decoction presented a highly heterogeneous dispersion (1040.97 ± 91.00 nm; PDI 0.98 ± 0.02), whereas its centrifugation- and dialysis-derived colloidal fraction, MG-SMAs, exhibited a narrower nanoscale particle-size distribution (229.43 ± 3.27 nm; PDI 0.15 ± 0.07) with a similarly weakly negative ζ-potential and reduced conductivity, consistent with enrichment of a defined colloidal fraction. Addition of dextrin and reconstitution from granules increased dispersity (PDI 0.56–0.71) and reduced |ζ| (≈ −7 mV), indicating excipient- and processing-induced heterogeneity. Re-decoction was associated with time-dependent changes in the colloidal properties of MGFG-derived fractions. Compared with unheated MGFG-SMAs, MGFG-SMAs-30 exhibited a lower mean hydrodynamic particle size and PDI, while extending re-decoction to 60 min produced no further reduction in these parameters. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS revealed broadly overlapping component coverage but a preparation-dependent redistribution of metabolites, and HPLC confirmed selective enrichment and depletion trends among marker compounds. Functionally, MG and MG-SMAs showed the same MIC against S. aureus (0.8 mg/mL), whereas excipient-containing systems required higher inhibitory concentrations; among granule-derived samples, MGFG-SMAs-30 produced the strongest inhibition. Although the excipients increased the concentration required for antibacterial ","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 9","pages":"Article 100762"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1872204026000708/pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148861116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-09-01Epub Date: 2026-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100767
Hanzhi Yi, Minhui Wang, Chunxia Huang, Cong Huang, Can Liu, Ping Zeng, Lei Hou, Ting Mei, Yidi Zhang, Yu Zhan, Sen Yang, Xueming Yao, Wukai Ma, Changming Chen
Background
Runzaoling prescription (RZL) has been used clinically for many years, and has shown potential therapeutic effects in previous studies for the treatment of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS). Even so, the specific active components and underlying mechanisms by which RZL exerts its anti-SS effects remain unclear.
Materials and methods
Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS) was employed to systematically identify the chemical constituents of RZL in vitro, as well as those components that enter the bloodstream in mice. The main active components, core genes and related signaling pathways of RZL for SS were screened by network pharmacology. Furthermore, the affinity between important components and their primary targets was predicted using molecular docking technology. Finally, the animal model of spontaneous SS (NOD mice) was established to evaluate the efficacy of RZL.
Results and conclusions
728 components were identified in RZL, and 49 prototype components as well as 7 metabolites were identified from the blood of mice. Network pharmacological analysis showed that RZL targeted key proteins like ICAM1, TNF, TLR4, and EGFR through active components such as isorhapontigenin, hypaphorine and cyanidin, modulating pathways like NF-κB, PI3K/AkT, MAPK, HIF-1 and TNF to exhibit the anti-inflammatory effects for treating SS. Molecular docking revealed that key active components of RZL effectively interact with proteins in the NF-κB pathway. Animal studies indicated that RZL alleviated pathological damage, enhanced saliva production and submandibular gland index in SS model mice. Additionally, it may regulate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and effectively inhibit the inflammatory response.
{"title":"Exploration of the chemical constituents and mechanisms of Runzaoling prescription in treatment of Sjögren's syndrome using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS combined with experimental validation","authors":"Hanzhi Yi, Minhui Wang, Chunxia Huang, Cong Huang, Can Liu, Ping Zeng, Lei Hou, Ting Mei, Yidi Zhang, Yu Zhan, Sen Yang, Xueming Yao, Wukai Ma, Changming Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Runzaoling prescription (RZL) has been used clinically for many years, and has shown potential therapeutic effects in previous studies for the treatment of Sjögren's Syndrome (SS). Even so, the specific active components and underlying mechanisms by which RZL exerts its anti-SS effects remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><div>Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-Exactive Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS) was employed to systematically identify the chemical constituents of RZL <em>in vitro</em>, as well as those components that enter the bloodstream in mice. The main active components, core genes and related signaling pathways of RZL for SS were screened by network pharmacology. Furthermore, the affinity between important components and their primary targets was predicted using molecular docking technology. Finally, the animal model of spontaneous SS (NOD mice) was established to evaluate the efficacy of RZL.</div></div><div><h3>Results and conclusions</h3><div>728 components were identified in RZL, and 49 prototype components as well as 7 metabolites were identified from the blood of mice. Network pharmacological analysis showed that RZL targeted key proteins like ICAM1, TNF, TLR4, and EGFR through active components such as isorhapontigenin, hypaphorine and cyanidin, modulating pathways like NF-κB, PI3K/AkT, MAPK, HIF-1 and TNF to exhibit the anti-inflammatory effects for treating SS. Molecular docking revealed that key active components of RZL effectively interact with proteins in the NF-κB pathway. Animal studies indicated that RZL alleviated pathological damage, enhanced saliva production and submandibular gland index in SS model mice. Additionally, it may regulate the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway and effectively inhibit the inflammatory response.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 9","pages":"Article 100767"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149051892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrazine is a well-known hazardous environmental pollutant and toxic compound.Therefore, there is an urgent demand for an effective analytical monitoring method to safeguard the public from unforeseen exposure to harmful contaminants. Functional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has recently emerged as a highly advantageous technique for sensing trace biochemical substances, owing to its unique capacity for fingerprint-like molecular identification, making it suitable for hydrazine detection. Herein, we used UV-nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) combined with glancing angle deposition of electron beam evaporation (GLAD) to prepare T-shaped PVP/Au nanocylinder arrays with gaps. T-shaped hollow Au nanocylinder arrays with gaps could be achieved by dissolving PVP nanocylinder with 60 °C hot water. 4-Mercaptobenzaldehyde incorporated on the T-shaped hollow Au nanocylinder arrays (T-shaped hollow Au nanocylinder arrays@4-MBA), reacted with hydrazine to form Raman active benzaldehyde hydrazone based on the Schiff base reaction, enabling sensitive and selective SERS detection of hydrazine. The limit of detection (LOD) of hydrazine was as low as 4.1 × 10–9 mol/L. In addition, T-shaped hollow Au nanocylinder arrays@4-MBA platform prepared by this method can maintain high repeatability and stability after six month of fabrication. Therefore, the T-shaped hollow Au nanocylinder arrays functionalized with 4-MBA provides an efficient platform for rapid, sensitive, stable, and highly selective detection of hydrazine.
{"title":"Preparation of T-shaped hollow Au nanocylinder arrays for the detection of hydrazine based on a Schiff base reaction","authors":"Xiang Zhang, Xiangyuan Cui, Xueguo Liu, Mengshuo Li, Jiancheng Luo, Haixiong Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrazine is a well-known hazardous environmental pollutant and toxic compound.Therefore, there is an urgent demand for an effective analytical monitoring method to safeguard the public from unforeseen exposure to harmful contaminants. Functional surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has recently emerged as a highly advantageous technique for sensing trace biochemical substances, owing to its unique capacity for fingerprint-like molecular identification, making it suitable for hydrazine detection. Herein, we used UV-nanoimprint lithography (UV-NIL) combined with glancing angle deposition of electron beam evaporation (GLAD) to prepare T-shaped PVP/Au nanocylinder arrays with gaps. T-shaped hollow Au nanocylinder arrays with gaps could be achieved by dissolving PVP nanocylinder with 60 °C hot water. 4-Mercaptobenzaldehyde incorporated on the T-shaped hollow Au nanocylinder arrays (T-shaped hollow Au nanocylinder arrays@4-MBA), reacted with hydrazine to form Raman active benzaldehyde hydrazone based on the Schiff base reaction, enabling sensitive and selective SERS detection of hydrazine. The limit of detection (LOD) of hydrazine was as low as 4.1 × 10<sup>–9</sup> mol/L. In addition, T-shaped hollow Au nanocylinder arrays@4-MBA platform prepared by this method can maintain high repeatability and stability after six month of fabrication. Therefore, the T-shaped hollow Au nanocylinder arrays functionalized with 4-MBA provides an efficient platform for rapid, sensitive, stable, and highly selective detection of hydrazine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 9","pages":"Article 100751"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148954371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-04-15DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100736
Ouedraogo Elisabeth, Owona Pascal Emmanuel, Tindano Basile, Bilanda Danielle Claude, Zabré Généviève, Tcheutchoua Carlos Yannick, Koussoubé Abdelaziz, Kaboré Tééganimbé Jean Luc, Bidingha A. Goufani Ronald, Ogunlakin Daniel Akingbolabo, Bayala Balé
Low bone density is a defining feature of osteoporosis. Combretum micranthum is traditionally used in Burkina Faso against osteoporosis. This research sought to assess the effect of Combretum micranthum (AECM) on an osteoporosis model induced by ovariectomy and to conduct molecular docking and ADMET screening of the identified potentially active compounds from the AECM leaves by using in silico techniques.
A pharmacology network was constructed to identify genes corresponding to active compound targets. Networks of compound targets and protein-protein interactions were constructed using Cytoscape software. To evaluate C. micranthum's effect on the ovariectomized rats, a sham-operated group and some ovariectomized groups were treated with distilled water or with AECM and estradiol valerate.
In the in silico study, the extract compounds like myricetin and rhamnazin predicted good pharmacokinetics and low toxicity, with LD50 over 2000 mg/kg bw. C. micranthum extract increased significantly (p < 0.001) femoral calcium and phosphorus, and decreased the urinary calcium and phosphorus compared to the group treated with distilled water. It also reduced oxidative stress and improved lipid profiles. Moreover, the histological report on the femurs of the treated rats showed a correction of the lesions caused by ovariectomy. Myricetin's interaction with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), with –95.0929 energy, could have therapeutic potential for osteoporosis.
C. micranthum promoted bone health, offering a promising alternative to conventional osteoporosis treatments with fewer side effects.
{"title":"Effects of Combretum micranthum against menopause-related osteoporosis based on ADMET, network pharmacology, and experimental validation","authors":"Ouedraogo Elisabeth, Owona Pascal Emmanuel, Tindano Basile, Bilanda Danielle Claude, Zabré Généviève, Tcheutchoua Carlos Yannick, Koussoubé Abdelaziz, Kaboré Tééganimbé Jean Luc, Bidingha A. Goufani Ronald, Ogunlakin Daniel Akingbolabo, Bayala Balé","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low bone density is a defining feature of osteoporosis. <em>Combretum micranthum</em> is traditionally used in Burkina Faso against osteoporosis. This research sought to assess the effect of <em>Combretum micranthum</em> (AECM) on an osteoporosis model induced by ovariectomy and to conduct molecular docking and ADMET screening of the identified potentially active compounds from the AECM leaves by using <em>in silico</em> techniques.</div><div>A pharmacology network was constructed to identify genes corresponding to active compound targets. Networks of compound targets and protein-protein interactions were constructed using Cytoscape software. To evaluate <em>C. micranthum'</em>s effect on the ovariectomized rats, a sham-operated group and some ovariectomized groups were treated with distilled water or with AECM and estradiol valerate.</div><div>In the <em>in silico</em> study, the extract compounds like myricetin and rhamnazin predicted good pharmacokinetics and low toxicity, with LD<sub>50</sub> over 2000 mg/kg bw. <em>C. micranthum</em> extract increased significantly (<em>p</em> < 0.001) femoral calcium and phosphorus, and decreased the urinary calcium and phosphorus compared to the group treated with distilled water. It also reduced oxidative stress and improved lipid profiles. Moreover, the histological report on the femurs of the treated rats showed a correction of the lesions caused by ovariectomy. Myricetin's interaction with hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), with –95.0929 energy, could have therapeutic potential for osteoporosis.</div><div><em>C. micranthum</em> promoted bone health, offering a promising alternative to conventional osteoporosis treatments with fewer side effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 8","pages":"Article 100736"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148773181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100734
Xuebin Li, Liwei Zhao, Qingqi Feng, Jianlong Ma
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Targeted Isolation of Glycyrrhizic Acid from the Phloem of Glycyrrhiza glabra via Macroporous Resin” [Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 2026 (in press), Article Number 100701]","authors":"Xuebin Li, Liwei Zhao, Qingqi Feng, Jianlong Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100734","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 8","pages":"Article 100734"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148744901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gastric diseases have become a global health challenge due to infectious agents and unhealthy lifestyles, with a notable trend of rising incidence among younger populations in recent years, including children and adolescents who increasingly suffer from gastric discomfort. Biling Weitong Granules, an improved formulation derived from the classical prescriptions "Jinlingzi Powder" and "Zuojin Pill", embodies the therapeutic principles of "unblocking and descending theory" and "qi-blood harmony theory" in spleen-stomach disease treatment. This compound demonstrates efficacy in regulating qi flow, activating blood circulation, harmonizing the stomach, and alleviating pain, making it clinically applicable for various acute and chronic gastric disorders. However, its precise pharmacological mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated.
Methods
The chemical components of Biling Weitong Granules (BLWTG) were identified using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS technology. Subsequently, an acute gastritis mouse model was established by absolute ethanol induction, with histopathological damage to gastric tissues evaluated through H&E staining. An integrated analysis combining network pharmacology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics was then conducted to investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-acute gastritis effects of Biling Weitong Granules. The expression levels of PI3K, AKT, P50, P65, IKKα, IκBα and their phosphorylated forms were detected by Western blotting.
Results
This study identified a total of 125 compounds in Biling Weitong Granules through comprehensive analysis. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the therapeutic effects against acute gastritis may be mediated through key pathways including "Apoptosis", "TNF signaling pathway", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", and "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway". Furthermore, integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses demonstrated that Biling Weitong Granules exert their therapeutic effects by regulating metabolic abnormalities of glutathione and other amino acids, consequently modulating critical cellular processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. Western blot analysis revealed that the phosphorylation levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-P65, p-P50, p-IKKα, and p-IκBα were reduced after treatment with Biling Weitong Granules.
Conclusion
BLWTG exert therapeutic effects against acute gastritis (AG) by modulating metabolic abnormalities of glutathione and other amino acids, thereby influencing multiple signaling pathways including "Apoptosis", "TNF signaling pathway", "JAK-STAT signaling pathway", and "PI3K-Akt signaling pathway". These findings reveal the complex mechanistic basis underlying the anti-AG effects of this traditional Chinese medicine.
由于传染性病原体和不健康的生活方式，胃疾病已成为全球健康挑战，近年来在年轻人群中的发病率有明显上升趋势，包括儿童和青少年，他们越来越多地遭受胃不适。痹胃通颗粒是在经典方药“金陵子散”和“左金丸”的基础上改良而成，体现了脾胃病治疗的“通降论”和“气血调和论”的治疗原则。该复方具有调气活血、润胃、止痛等功效，临床适用于各种急慢性胃病。然而，其确切的药理机制仍未完全阐明。方法采用超高效液相色谱- q -轨道谱联用技术对胆汁胃通颗粒（BLWTG）进行化学成分鉴定。随后，采用无水乙醇诱导建立急性胃炎小鼠模型，通过H&；E染色评价对胃组织的组织病理学损伤。通过网络药理学、代谢组学、转录组学等综合分析，探讨痹灵胃通颗粒抗急性胃炎作用的机制。Western blotting检测PI3K、AKT、P50、P65、IKKα、IκBα及其磷酸化形式的表达水平。结果通过综合分析，从痹灵胃通颗粒中鉴定出125种化合物。网络药理学分析显示，其对急性胃炎的治疗作用可能通过“凋亡”、“TNF信号通路”、“JAK-STAT信号通路”、“PI3K-Akt信号通路”等关键通路介导。此外，综合代谢组学和转录组学分析表明，胆汁胃通颗粒通过调节谷胱甘肽和其他氨基酸的代谢异常来发挥其治疗作用，从而调节氧化应激、炎症反应和细胞凋亡等关键细胞过程。Western blot分析结果显示，给药后p-PI3K、p-AKT、p-P65、p-P50、p-IKKα、p- κ b α磷酸化水平降低。结论blwtg通过调节谷胱甘肽等氨基酸代谢异常，从而影响“凋亡”、“TNF信号通路”、“JAK-STAT信号通路”、“PI3K-Akt信号通路”等多种信号通路，对急性胃炎（AG）发挥治疗作用。这些发现揭示了中药抗ag作用的复杂机制基础。
{"title":"Amelioration of acute gastritis by Biling Weitong granules: A multi-omics analysis of synergistic PI3K/AKT and NF-κB pathway regulation","authors":"Shuang Li, Weijuan Lei, Ping Sun, Ying Li, Wei Zhang, Yang Li, Yue He, Chenning Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Gastric diseases have become a global health challenge due to infectious agents and unhealthy lifestyles, with a notable trend of rising incidence among younger populations in recent years, including children and adolescents who increasingly suffer from gastric discomfort. Biling Weitong Granules, an improved formulation derived from the classical prescriptions \"Jinlingzi Powder\" and \"Zuojin Pill\", embodies the therapeutic principles of \"unblocking and descending theory\" and \"qi-blood harmony theory\" in spleen-stomach disease treatment. This compound demonstrates efficacy in regulating qi flow, activating blood circulation, harmonizing the stomach, and alleviating pain, making it clinically applicable for various acute and chronic gastric disorders. However, its precise pharmacological mechanisms remain incompletely elucidated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The chemical components of Biling Weitong Granules (BLWTG) were identified using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS technology. Subsequently, an acute gastritis mouse model was established by absolute ethanol induction, with histopathological damage to gastric tissues evaluated through H&E staining. An integrated analysis combining network pharmacology, metabolomics, and transcriptomics was then conducted to investigate the mechanism underlying the anti-acute gastritis effects of Biling Weitong Granules. The expression levels of PI3K, AKT, P50, P65, IKKα, IκBα and their phosphorylated forms were detected by Western blotting.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>This study identified a total of 125 compounds in Biling Weitong Granules through comprehensive analysis. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that the therapeutic effects against acute gastritis may be mediated through key pathways including \"Apoptosis\", \"TNF signaling pathway\", \"JAK-STAT signaling pathway\", and \"PI3K-Akt signaling pathway\". Furthermore, integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses demonstrated that Biling Weitong Granules exert their therapeutic effects by regulating metabolic abnormalities of glutathione and other amino acids, consequently modulating critical cellular processes such as oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis. Western blot analysis revealed that the phosphorylation levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-P65, p-P50, p-IKKα, and p-IκBα were reduced after treatment with Biling Weitong Granules.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>BLWTG exert therapeutic effects against acute gastritis (AG) by modulating metabolic abnormalities of glutathione and other amino acids, thereby influencing multiple signaling pathways including \"Apoptosis\", \"TNF signaling pathway\", \"JAK-STAT signaling pathway\", and \"PI3K-Akt signaling pathway\". These findings reveal the complex mechanistic basis underlying the anti-AG effects of this traditional Chinese medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 8","pages":"Article 100759"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148855188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-05-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100743
Yuqi Sheng, Zhiyu Liu, Yuwei Yang, Zi Chen, Qinyu Ge
The RNA integrity number (RIN) is often regarded as a stringent gatekeeper in transcriptomics, frequently resulting in the exclusion of valuable clinical and field samples. We systematically challenged this prerequisite by simulating ex vivo degradation in mouse liver tissue. Although RIN values declined sharply with exposure to room temperature, the global transcriptome remained robust and showed no correlation with RIN. Importantly, our time-series analysis revealed that RNA degradation is not a source of random noise but a structured, biologically meaningful process. We identified three coordinated transcriptional programs: rapid functional shutdown, acute alarm response, and progressive immune activation. These findings demonstrate that data from low-RIN samples are not compromised but biologically informative. This study presents a novel framework for transcriptomics. RNA degradation is no longer viewed solely as a technical obstacle; instead, it has become a valuable tool for investigating organ-wide stress responses. Additionally, this approach helps maximize the utility of precious biobanked resources.
{"title":"Transcriptional reprogramming revealed in degraded mouse liver RNA beyond conventional RIN thresholds","authors":"Yuqi Sheng, Zhiyu Liu, Yuwei Yang, Zi Chen, Qinyu Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The RNA integrity number (RIN) is often regarded as a stringent gatekeeper in transcriptomics, frequently resulting in the exclusion of valuable clinical and field samples. We systematically challenged this prerequisite by simulating ex vivo degradation in mouse liver tissue. Although RIN values declined sharply with exposure to room temperature, the global transcriptome remained robust and showed no correlation with RIN. Importantly, our time-series analysis revealed that RNA degradation is not a source of random noise but a structured, biologically meaningful process. We identified three coordinated transcriptional programs: rapid functional shutdown, acute alarm response, and progressive immune activation. These findings demonstrate that data from low-RIN samples are not compromised but biologically informative. This study presents a novel framework for transcriptomics. RNA degradation is no longer viewed solely as a technical obstacle; instead, it has become a valuable tool for investigating organ-wide stress responses. Additionally, this approach helps maximize the utility of precious biobanked resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 8","pages":"Article 100743"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148773179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-04-09DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100732
Xue-Chun Wang, Jing-Hua Liu, Xiao-Hong Zhang, Min Liu, Dan-Dan Xu, Wei Liu
Background
The diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) has traditionally relied on detecting elevated total bile acids. However, measuring total levels may not capture the full diagnostic picture. Mass spectrometry (MS) now allows precise measurement of individual bile acid subtypes. Yet, the clinical diagnostic value of this detailed profile remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis therefore evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of MS-based bile acid analysis for ICP.
Methodology: Search Strategy and Study Selection
We systematically queried five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, OVID, and CNKI. Our search strategy incorporated both keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) related to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, its diagnosis, and mass spectrometry. Two authors then independently screened the retrieved records, extracted the relevant data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the studies that were included.
Statistical Synthesis
The primary goal of our analysis was to determine how well mass spectrometry–based bile acid profiling identifies ICP. We therefore pooled the reported sensitivity and specificity from the selected studies. To present the overall diagnostic accuracy, we constructed a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. All statistical work was completed using Stata 17.0, Review Manager 5.4, and Meta-Disc.
Results
The present systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated eight studies that focused on two clinical applications of mass spectrometry (MS) in bile acid profiling. For distinguishing ICP from healthy pregnancies (four studies), the assay showed excellent accuracy, with sensitivity at 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89–0.98), and specificity at 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91–0.98). The diagnostic odds ratio was 332.18 (95% CI: 100.89–1093.71), and the area under the SROC curve reached 0.9860.
In the comparison between ICP and asymptomatic hypercholanemia of pregnancy (four studies), the method continued to perform well, showing a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86–0.97) and specificity of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.84–0.97). The diagnostic odds ratio was 156.54 (95% CI: 47.07–520.55), and the SROC area was 0.9735.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that mass spectrometry-based bile acid profiling provides reliable diagnostic performance for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, clearly distinguishing it from healthy pregnancies and from asymptomatic hypercholanemia of pregnancy (AHP). Moving forward, key priorities will involve confirming these results in larger, multi-center studies, creating unified international guidelines for clinical application, and resolving the recognized shortcomings of current diagnostic approaches for ICP.
{"title":"Diagnostic accuracy of bile acid detection via mass spectrometry for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP): A systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Xue-Chun Wang, Jing-Hua Liu, Xiao-Hong Zhang, Min Liu, Dan-Dan Xu, Wei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) has traditionally relied on detecting elevated total bile acids. However, measuring total levels may not capture the full diagnostic picture. Mass spectrometry (MS) now allows precise measurement of individual bile acid subtypes. Yet, the clinical diagnostic value of this detailed profile remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis therefore evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of MS-based bile acid analysis for ICP.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology: Search Strategy and Study Selection</h3><div>We systematically queried five databases: PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, OVID, and CNKI. Our search strategy incorporated both keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) related to intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, its diagnosis, and mass spectrometry. Two authors then independently screened the retrieved records, extracted the relevant data, and evaluated the risk of bias in the studies that were included.</div></div><div><h3>Statistical Synthesis</h3><div>The primary goal of our analysis was to determine how well mass spectrometry–based bile acid profiling identifies ICP. We therefore pooled the reported sensitivity and specificity from the selected studies. To present the overall diagnostic accuracy, we constructed a summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve. All statistical work was completed using Stata 17.0, Review Manager 5.4, and Meta-Disc.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The present systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated eight studies that focused on two clinical applications of mass spectrometry (MS) in bile acid profiling. For distinguishing ICP from healthy pregnancies (four studies), the assay showed excellent accuracy, with sensitivity at 0.95 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89–0.98), and specificity at 0.95 (95% CI: 0.91–0.98). The diagnostic odds ratio was 332.18 (95% CI: 100.89–1093.71), and the area under the SROC curve reached 0.9860.</div><div>In the comparison between ICP and asymptomatic hypercholanemia of pregnancy (four studies), the method continued to perform well, showing a sensitivity of 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86–0.97) and specificity of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.84–0.97). The diagnostic odds ratio was 156.54 (95% CI: 47.07–520.55), and the SROC area was 0.9735.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These findings demonstrate that mass spectrometry-based bile acid profiling provides reliable diagnostic performance for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, clearly distinguishing it from healthy pregnancies and from asymptomatic hypercholanemia of pregnancy (AHP). Moving forward, key priorities will involve confirming these results in larger, multi-center studies, creating unified international guidelines for clinical application, and resolving the recognized shortcomings of current diagnostic approaches for ICP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 8","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148773182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-05-22DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100750
Yang Fu, Feng Xu, Zhangren Yan, Ao Zhan, Zhiruo Chen, Xuanyu Wang, Xiaoli Wu, Wanchun Wang
Bungarus multicinctus (B. multicinctus)envenomation is an acute and potentially fatal condition often mistaken for bites from non-venomous snakes. As a result, it is crucial to diagnose this condition rapidly and accurately. This study presents the development of a rapid test strip for detecting B. multicinctus venom, utilizing aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles (AIENPs) conjugated with the venom as a probe. We established a method for rapid detection using a single antibody on an immunochromatographic strip. The methodologies employed encompass antibody preparation, purification, specificity testing, and the optimization of conditions. The blocking agent should be 2 mg, the conjugation time 3 min, and the minimum amount of AIENPs 1 mg. The results demonstrate that the polyclonal antibody is particular, with the test strip capable of detecting as low as 200 ng/mL of B. multicinctus venom and distinguishing it from other common Chinese snake venoms. The simulation testing of real samples demonstrated a 98% positive rate and a 0% false-positive rate. Although clinical samples were not tested, the strip is sensitive, accurate, and simple, offering significant potential for diagnosing Bungarus snake bites and providing new insights for the development of other test strips.
{"title":"Single-antibody lateral flow immunoassay with AIE nanoparticles for rapid detection of Bungarus multicinctus venom","authors":"Yang Fu, Feng Xu, Zhangren Yan, Ao Zhan, Zhiruo Chen, Xuanyu Wang, Xiaoli Wu, Wanchun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cjac.2026.100750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Bungarus multicinctus</em> (<em>B. multicinctus</em>)envenomation is an acute and potentially fatal condition often mistaken for bites from non-venomous snakes. As a result, it is crucial to diagnose this condition rapidly and accurately. This study presents the development of a rapid test strip for detecting <em>B. multicinctus</em> venom, utilizing aggregation-induced emission nanoparticles (AIENPs) conjugated with the venom as a probe. We established a method for rapid detection using a single antibody on an immunochromatographic strip. The methodologies employed encompass antibody preparation, purification, specificity testing, and the optimization of conditions. The blocking agent should be 2 mg, the conjugation time 3 min, and the minimum amount of AIENPs 1 mg. The results demonstrate that the polyclonal antibody is particular, with the test strip capable of detecting as low as 200 ng/mL of <em>B. multicinctus</em> venom and distinguishing it from other common Chinese snake venoms. The simulation testing of real samples demonstrated a 98% positive rate and a 0% false-positive rate. Although clinical samples were not tested, the strip is sensitive, accurate, and simple, offering significant potential for diagnosing <em>Bungarus</em> snake bites and providing new insights for the development of other test strips.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":277,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry","volume":"54 8","pages":"Article 100750"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148855185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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