The solar resources of Benin have the potential to provide enough access to modern energy for the entire country's energy-poor population, the benefits of decentralized solar systems in the rural communities can create employment and provide the much-needed access to electricity. This paper identifies the available solar resources and how these resources could be accessed in the two types of solar installations: centralized, and decentralized systems. Utilizing the Sustainable Energy Access Planning framework guidelines, and an energy consumption survey in Kandi Benin, a simplified 10kW solar system was designed to assess the cost of the technology and how it affects debt levels among those who can afford to enter into payment agreements. The decentralized system has been addressed as to the functional reliability within an integrated Western African Power Pool scenario, specifically for the diesel hybrid P.V installation type. The impact of Benin’s level of governance has been reviewed with regards to their land-use policies and the effectiveness of their funding management in state-owned enterprises.
{"title":"An Analysis of Solar P.V. Access To Alleviate Energy Poverty in Benin","authors":"N. Jacobs, M. Adonis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3735400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3735400","url":null,"abstract":"The solar resources of Benin have the potential to provide enough access to modern energy for the entire country's energy-poor population, the benefits of decentralized solar systems in the rural communities can create employment and provide the much-needed access to electricity. This paper identifies the available solar resources and how these resources could be accessed in the two types of solar installations: centralized, and decentralized systems. Utilizing the Sustainable Energy Access Planning framework guidelines, and an energy consumption survey in Kandi Benin, a simplified 10kW solar system was designed to assess the cost of the technology and how it affects debt levels among those who can afford to enter into payment agreements. The decentralized system has been addressed as to the functional reliability within an integrated Western African Power Pool scenario, specifically for the diesel hybrid P.V installation type. The impact of Benin’s level of governance has been reviewed with regards to their land-use policies and the effectiveness of their funding management in state-owned enterprises.","PeriodicalId":290685,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Materials for Energy Storage & Conversion (Topic)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130987528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shaoyan Zhang, Liqiang Lv, J. Pei, Min Lu, Jianing Yang, Sixuan Kong
CaV6O16·3H2O spong-like and tube-like three-dimensional (3D) structures were constructed by a simple hydrothermal method. The 3D structures composed of superlong CaV6O16·3H2O nanobelts have good tailorability. CaV6O16·3H2O papers with different thickness can be obtained by simply pressing (cutting) and drying the 3D structures. The electrochemical performances of the obtained CaV6O16·3H2O paper as the self-standing cathode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) were investigated for the first time. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 463.9 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and maintains at 162.3 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. This work provide the possibility for designing high-performance cathode for LIBs.
用简单的水热法构建了CaV6O16·3H2O海绵状和管状的三维结构。超长CaV6O16·3H2O纳米带组成的三维结构具有良好的可定制性。通过简单的压制(切割)和干燥三维结构，可以得到不同厚度的CaV6O16·3H2O纸。首次对制备的CaV6O16·3H2O纸作为锂离子电池(LIBs)自立阴极的电化学性能进行了研究。它在50 mA g - 1时提供463.9 mAh g - 1的初始放电容量，并在50次循环后保持在162.3 mAh g - 1。本研究为设计高性能锂离子电池阴极提供了可能。
{"title":"A Self-Standing and Binder-Free CaV 6O 16·3H 2O Paper Electrodes for Lithium Ion Batteries","authors":"Shaoyan Zhang, Liqiang Lv, J. Pei, Min Lu, Jianing Yang, Sixuan Kong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3680270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3680270","url":null,"abstract":"CaV6O16·3H2O spong-like and tube-like three-dimensional (3D) structures were constructed by a simple hydrothermal method. The 3D structures composed of superlong CaV6O16·3H2O nanobelts have good tailorability. CaV6O16·3H2O papers with different thickness can be obtained by simply pressing (cutting) and drying the 3D structures. The electrochemical performances of the obtained CaV6O16·3H2O paper as the self-standing cathode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) were investigated for the first time. It delivers an initial discharge capacity of 463.9 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1 and maintains at 162.3 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles. This work provide the possibility for designing high-performance cathode for LIBs.","PeriodicalId":290685,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Materials for Energy Storage & Conversion (Topic)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134220980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-02-24DOI: 10.15587/1729-4061.2020.181442
W. Wijayanti, R. Kusumastuti, Sasmoko, M. N. Sasongko
One of the factors that can increase the surface transfer property for gas diffusivity apart from the membrane material in PEMFC is the porosity of the gas diffusion layer material affecting species mass distribution at the electrodes. The present study simulates the performance of PEMFC by investigating the effect of GDL porosities in some commercial ELAT-TEK-1200W (e=0.31), and SIGRACET 25BA (e=0.63), also an organic material coconut coir (e=0.88) numerically. It was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a in the form of species mass concentrations plotted in the surface contour and cut points at the electrodes in the elapsed time transiently. Afterward, the results were used to determine the PEMFC performance by calculating some losses; activation, ohmic, and mass concentration polarization. The results showed that the PEMFC performance was only influenced by the mass polarization. It means that the power density is strongly influenced by the concentration of species in the anode and the cathode. The mass concentration is strongly influenced by the distribution of species; H2, O2, and H2O formed during the reaction. The highest H2 concentration at the anode occurs in the GDL using ELAT-TEK-1200W having the smallest porosity producing the highest power density compared to other GDL materials. It makes an easier diffusion process between H2 and O2 species to work properly. However, coconut coir as an organic material can be a promising GDL in the future because of its performance compared to the others.
{"title":"A Numerical Study of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performances Affected by Various Porosities of Gas Difussion Layer Materials","authors":"W. Wijayanti, R. Kusumastuti, Sasmoko, M. N. Sasongko","doi":"10.15587/1729-4061.2020.181442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2020.181442","url":null,"abstract":"One of the factors that can increase the surface transfer property for gas diffusivity apart from the membrane material in PEMFC is the porosity of the gas diffusion layer material affecting species mass distribution at the electrodes. The present study simulates the performance of PEMFC by investigating the effect of GDL porosities in some commercial ELAT-TEK-1200W (e=0.31), and SIGRACET 25BA (e=0.63), also an organic material coconut coir (e=0.88) numerically. It was carried out using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.3a in the form of species mass concentrations plotted in the surface contour and cut points at the electrodes in the elapsed time transiently. Afterward, the results were used to determine the PEMFC performance by calculating some losses; activation, ohmic, and mass concentration polarization. The results showed that the PEMFC performance was only influenced by the mass polarization. It means that the power density is strongly influenced by the concentration of species in the anode and the cathode. The mass concentration is strongly influenced by the distribution of species; H2, O2, and H2O formed during the reaction. The highest H2 concentration at the anode occurs in the GDL using ELAT-TEK-1200W having the smallest porosity producing the highest power density compared to other GDL materials. It makes an easier diffusion process between H2 and O2 species to work properly. However, coconut coir as an organic material can be a promising GDL in the future because of its performance compared to the others.","PeriodicalId":290685,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Materials for Energy Storage & Conversion (Topic)","volume":"07 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129430116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT It is highly attractive for constructing CoSx-based electrode architectures in sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a three-dimensional flower-shaped CoS1.097 nanoflakes grown on carbon cloth is developed and examined as flexible anode configuration for SIBs, showing a large discharge capacity of 835.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and ultrastable lifetime of 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1. The superior sodium storage capability can be attributed to the unique flexible electrode with connected three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure, which makes for ensuring good electrical connection, sustaining the structural integrity of electrode and facilitating fast ion diffusion kinetics upon cycling.
在钠离子电池(SIBs)中构建基于cosx的电极结构具有很高的吸引力。本文研究了生长在碳布上的三维花状CoS1.097纳米片作为sib的柔性阳极结构，在0.1 a g−1下具有835.7 mAh g−1的大放电容量，在5 a g−1下具有1000次的超稳定寿命。优越的钠存储能力可归功于独特的柔性电极，其具有连通的三维分层多孔结构，从而确保了良好的电连接，保持了电极的结构完整性，并促进了循环时离子的快速扩散动力学。
{"title":"Direct Growth of Flower-Shaped Cos1.097 Nanoflakes on Flexible Carbon Cloth: An Ultrastable Cycle Durability Anode for Reversible Sodium Storage","authors":"Wenxi Zhao, Xiaoqing Ma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3538762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3538762","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT It is highly attractive for constructing CoSx-based electrode architectures in sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, a three-dimensional flower-shaped CoS1.097 nanoflakes grown on carbon cloth is developed and examined as flexible anode configuration for SIBs, showing a large discharge capacity of 835.7 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and ultrastable lifetime of 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1. The superior sodium storage capability can be attributed to the unique flexible electrode with connected three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure, which makes for ensuring good electrical connection, sustaining the structural integrity of electrode and facilitating fast ion diffusion kinetics upon cycling.","PeriodicalId":290685,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Materials for Energy Storage & Conversion (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128932255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fuel cell systems are expected to play a key role for power generation in various applications ranging from domestic, commercial to industrial. A solid oxide fuel cell is one of the types which is suitable for high-power demand. It can power diverse systems including trains, ships, vehicles as well as supplying industrial and residential loads. In this study, a microgrid using a 1.4 MW solid oxide fuel cell is considered operating in grid connection mode under 600 volts. A grid connected inverter is modelled and controlled as a closed loop control system to supply a 1.2 local load while feeding any excess into the grid. The inverter control scheme comprises voltage and current regulators to provide a good power factor and satisfy synchronisation requirements with the utility grid in synchronous frame. The frequency and phase of the inverter are synchronised with those of the grid through a phaselocked-loop. An LCL filter serving as an interface between the inverter and the grid is used to minimise harmonics produced by the grid-connected inverter. Matlab/Simulink environment is used for the modelling and simulation. The results obtained show good performance of the proposed microgrid as well as the inverter design and control approach with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.5%.
{"title":"Modelling of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Microgrid System for a Megawatt Load","authors":"Khld B Hamad, M. Kahn","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3637459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3637459","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel cell systems are expected to play a key role for power generation in various applications ranging from domestic, commercial to industrial. A solid oxide fuel cell is one of the types which is suitable for high-power demand. It can power diverse systems including trains, ships, vehicles as well as supplying industrial and residential loads. In this study, a microgrid using a 1.4 MW solid oxide fuel cell is considered operating in grid connection mode under 600 volts. A grid connected inverter is modelled and controlled as a closed loop control system to supply a 1.2 local load while feeding any excess into the grid. The inverter control scheme comprises voltage and current regulators to provide a good power factor and satisfy synchronisation requirements with the utility grid in synchronous frame. The frequency and phase of the inverter are synchronised with those of the grid through a phaselocked-loop. An LCL filter serving as an interface between the inverter and the grid is used to minimise harmonics produced by the grid-connected inverter. Matlab/Simulink environment is used for the modelling and simulation. The results obtained show good performance of the proposed microgrid as well as the inverter design and control approach with a low total harmonic distortion of about 0.5%.","PeriodicalId":290685,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Materials for Energy Storage & Conversion (Topic)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132250894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Zarnikau, C. K. Woo, Shuangshuang Zhu, R. Baldick, C. Tsai, Jingwei Meng
Applying a regression-based approach to a large sample of hourly observations for the seven-year period of January 1, 2011 to December 30, 2017, we explore determinants of day-ahead market (DAM) prices for ancillary services (ASs) and energy in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). For each GW increase in responsive reserve (RRS) or nonspinning reserve (NSRS) procurement quantities, we estimate price increases of about US$3.47 per MW per hour and US$5.63 per MW per hour, respectively; while the cost of an additional 1 GW of regulation up (REGUP) and regulation down (REGDN) is a much higher US$17 per MW per hour and US$31 per MW per hour, respectively. A US$1/MWh increase in the DAM energy price tends to increase RRS and REGUP prices by nearly US$1 per MW per hour, about twice the estimated impact for NSRS that is not necessarily online when selected. The participation of interruptible loads to provide RRSs reduces the RRS price, and this effect increased nearly six-fold from the first to the second half of our sample time period. An increase in wind generation tends to decrease AS prices because it reduces the DAM energy price via the merit-order effect. Hence, Texas’s wind generation expansion has not raised ERCOT’s AS prices in our sample period, which is characterized by a stable AS requirement and declining natural gas prices. Going forward, however, Texas could face AS cost escalation due to the high REGUP and REGDN prices, should ERCOT’s requirement and procurement of those services increase due to rising renewable production.
{"title":"Electricity Market Prices for Day-Ahead Ancillary Services and Energy: Texas","authors":"J. Zarnikau, C. K. Woo, Shuangshuang Zhu, R. Baldick, C. Tsai, Jingwei Meng","doi":"10.21314/JEM.2018.188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21314/JEM.2018.188","url":null,"abstract":"Applying a regression-based approach to a large sample of hourly observations for the seven-year period of January 1, 2011 to December 30, 2017, we explore determinants of day-ahead market (DAM) prices for ancillary services (ASs) and energy in the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT). For each GW increase in responsive reserve (RRS) or nonspinning reserve (NSRS) procurement quantities, we estimate price increases of about US$3.47 per MW per hour and US$5.63 per MW per hour, respectively; while the cost of an additional 1 GW of regulation up (REGUP) and regulation down (REGDN) is a much higher US$17 per MW per hour and US$31 per MW per hour, respectively. A US$1/MWh increase in the DAM energy price tends to increase RRS and REGUP prices by nearly US$1 per MW per hour, about twice the estimated impact for NSRS that is not necessarily online when selected. The participation of interruptible loads to provide RRSs reduces the RRS price, and this effect increased nearly six-fold from the first to the second half of our sample time period. An increase in wind generation tends to decrease AS prices because it reduces the DAM energy price via the merit-order effect. Hence, Texas’s wind generation expansion has not raised ERCOT’s AS prices in our sample period, which is characterized by a stable AS requirement and declining natural gas prices. Going forward, however, Texas could face AS cost escalation due to the high REGUP and REGDN prices, should ERCOT’s requirement and procurement of those services increase due to rising renewable production.<br>","PeriodicalId":290685,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Materials for Energy Storage & Conversion (Topic)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123976492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shashwat Anand, Max Wood, Yi Xia, C. Wolverton, G. J. Snyder
Summary Since their discovery around a century ago, multi-functional half-Heusler semiconductors have been studied extensively as three-component systems (nominal formula XYZ) with valence balanced compositions. From the very same set of elements and stability rules, we explore a much larger phase space of possible quaternary double (X′X″Y2Z2, X2Y′Y″Z2, and X2Y2Z′Z″), triple (X2′X″Y3Z3), and quadruple (X3′X″Y4Z4) half-Heusler compounds. Using reliable, first-principles thermodynamics on a selection (365) of previously unexplored compositions, we predict more quaternary compounds (131) than those predicted or reported extensively for the ternary systems (84). In comparison to state-of-the-art ternary half-Heusler thermoelectrics, for which performance is limited by their intrinsically high thermal conductivity (κ), κ in double half-Heuslers is dominated by smaller group velocity phonons and limited by disorder scattering. The double half-Heusler Ti2FeNiSb2 was synthesized and confirmed to have a significantly lower κ than TiCoSb, thereby providing a better starting point for thermoelectric efficiency optimization.
{"title":"Double Half-Heuslers","authors":"Shashwat Anand, Max Wood, Yi Xia, C. Wolverton, G. J. Snyder","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3339907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3339907","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Since their discovery around a century ago, multi-functional half-Heusler semiconductors have been studied extensively as three-component systems (nominal formula XYZ) with valence balanced compositions. From the very same set of elements and stability rules, we explore a much larger phase space of possible quaternary double (X′X″Y2Z2, X2Y′Y″Z2, and X2Y2Z′Z″), triple (X2′X″Y3Z3), and quadruple (X3′X″Y4Z4) half-Heusler compounds. Using reliable, first-principles thermodynamics on a selection (365) of previously unexplored compositions, we predict more quaternary compounds (131) than those predicted or reported extensively for the ternary systems (84). In comparison to state-of-the-art ternary half-Heusler thermoelectrics, for which performance is limited by their intrinsically high thermal conductivity (κ), κ in double half-Heuslers is dominated by smaller group velocity phonons and limited by disorder scattering. The double half-Heusler Ti2FeNiSb2 was synthesized and confirmed to have a significantly lower κ than TiCoSb, thereby providing a better starting point for thermoelectric efficiency optimization.","PeriodicalId":290685,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Materials for Energy Storage & Conversion (Topic)","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114853695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Mathews, S. N. Kantareddy, T. Buonassisi, I. M. Peters
Summary Indoor photovoltaic cells have the potential to power the Internet of Things ecosystem, including distributed and remote sensors, actuators, and communications devices. As the power required to operate these devices continues to decrease, the type and number of nodes that can now be persistently powered by indoor photovoltaic cells are rapidly growing. This will drive significant growth in the demand for indoor photovoltaics, creating a large alternative market for existing and novel photovoltaic technologies. With the re-emergence of interest in indoor photovoltaic cells, we provide an overview of this burgeoning field focusing on the technical challenges that remain to create energy autonomous sensors at viable price points and to overcome the commercial challenges for individual photovoltaic technologies to accelerate their market adoption.
{"title":"Technology and Market Perspective for Indoor Photovoltaic Cells","authors":"I. Mathews, S. N. Kantareddy, T. Buonassisi, I. M. Peters","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3458863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3458863","url":null,"abstract":"Summary Indoor photovoltaic cells have the potential to power the Internet of Things ecosystem, including distributed and remote sensors, actuators, and communications devices. As the power required to operate these devices continues to decrease, the type and number of nodes that can now be persistently powered by indoor photovoltaic cells are rapidly growing. This will drive significant growth in the demand for indoor photovoltaics, creating a large alternative market for existing and novel photovoltaic technologies. With the re-emergence of interest in indoor photovoltaic cells, we provide an overview of this burgeoning field focusing on the technical challenges that remain to create energy autonomous sensors at viable price points and to overcome the commercial challenges for individual photovoltaic technologies to accelerate their market adoption.","PeriodicalId":290685,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Materials for Energy Storage & Conversion (Topic)","volume":"6 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126945678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. H. Bork, E. Povoden-Karadeniz, A. J. Carrillo, J. Rupp
In the search of new materials for the solar-to-fuel technology, we turn to the material class of perovskites that offer wide possibilities in manipulation of its chemistry and catalytic activity. Here, we access the role of Cr in the La0.6Sr0.4Mn1-YCryO3-σ perovskite solid solution hitherto unexplored for two-step solar thermochemical fuel production. A multi-component Calphad defect model for the system La-Sr-Cr-Mn-O is therefore optimized and used for computations of oxygen nonstoichiometries and redox thermodynamics of the La0.6Sr0.4Mn1-YCryO3-σ solution series in the temperature range of 1073 to 1873 K as a potential operation window for solar-to-fuel conversion. Modeling results reveal two advantages of substituting manganese by chromium. Firstly, it is possible to reduce the heat capacity with up to 10%, to a value of 132 J mol-1 K-1. Secondly, the thermodynamic driving force for solar-to-fuel conversion increases and the Cr-doped materials provide higher yield and efficiency at isothermal operation. The proposed model allows for continuous simulative scanning of redox thermodynamics from zero Cr-doping to a fully substituted chromite perovskite. For isothermal water splitting, the composition La0.6Sr0.4Mn1-YCryO3-σ displays the highest fuel yield and efficiency of 2.7% due to a high thermodynamic driving force at elevated temperature for this composition. These predictive insights give prospects for engineering the thermodynamics of the oxygen release reaction in perovskites towards higher fuel production and efficiency in solar-to-fuel reactors with isothermal operation.
{"title":"Thermodynamic Assessment of the Solar-to-Fuel Performance of La 0.6Sr 0.4Mn 1-YCr yO 3-σ Perovskite Solid Solution Series","authors":"A. H. Bork, E. Povoden-Karadeniz, A. J. Carrillo, J. Rupp","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3302669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3302669","url":null,"abstract":"In the search of new materials for the solar-to-fuel technology, we turn to the material class of perovskites that offer wide possibilities in manipulation of its chemistry and catalytic activity. Here, we access the role of Cr in the La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Mn<sub>1-Y</sub>Cr<sub>y</sub>O<sub>3-σ</sub> perovskite solid solution hitherto unexplored for two-step solar thermochemical fuel production. A multi-component Calphad defect model for the system La-Sr-Cr-Mn-O is therefore optimized and used for computations of oxygen nonstoichiometries and redox thermodynamics of the La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Mn<sub>1-Y</sub>Cr<sub>y</sub>O<sub>3-σ</sub> solution series in the temperature range of 1073 to 1873 K as a potential operation window for solar-to-fuel conversion. Modeling results reveal two advantages of substituting manganese by chromium. Firstly, it is possible to reduce the heat capacity with up to 10%, to a value of 132 J mol<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>. Secondly, the thermodynamic driving force for solar-to-fuel conversion increases and the Cr-doped materials provide higher yield and efficiency at isothermal operation. The proposed model allows for continuous simulative scanning of redox thermodynamics from zero Cr-doping to a fully substituted chromite perovskite. For isothermal water splitting, the composition La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Mn<sub>1-Y</sub>Cr<sub>y</sub>O<sub>3-σ</sub> displays the highest fuel yield and efficiency of 2.7% due to a high thermodynamic driving force at elevated temperature for this composition. These predictive insights give prospects for engineering the thermodynamics of the oxygen release reaction in perovskites towards higher fuel production and efficiency in solar-to-fuel reactors with isothermal operation.","PeriodicalId":290685,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Materials for Energy Storage & Conversion (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131213931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As in the previous workshop editions the participants of the 7th Metallization and Interconnection Workshop were asked to share their view on the future of metallization and interconnection. In this paper results of the survey are summarized. The trend of the past years is reflected. Established technologies like screen-printing or soldering on busbars are seen to dominate for the next years.
{"title":"Results of the Survey Conducted During 7th Workshop on Metallization and Interconnection for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells","authors":"G. Schubert, G. Beaucarne, L. Tous, J. Hoornstra","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3152250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3152250","url":null,"abstract":"As in the previous workshop editions the participants of the 7th Metallization and Interconnection Workshop were asked to share their view on the future of metallization and interconnection. In this paper results of the survey are summarized. The trend of the past years is reflected. Established technologies like screen-printing or soldering on busbars are seen to dominate for the next years.","PeriodicalId":290685,"journal":{"name":"MatSciRN: Materials for Energy Storage & Conversion (Topic)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129156086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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