Nanofibrillated cellulose (YL-NC) was extracted from Yan Lipao basketry waste, yielding 19.53% of purified nanocellulose based on dry biomass. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the removal of hemicellulose and lignin, while the presence of characteristic cellulose functional groups was retained. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a crystallinity index of 64.29%, indicating a high degree of structural order. SEM imaging showed that YL-NC possessed a thin, elongated fibrils morphology. Finally, Hydrogel beads were prepared by incorporating YL-NC into sodium alginate at alginate: YL-NC ratios of 1:1 and 2:1. The beads exhibited nearly spherical shapes with smooth or slightly textured surfaces, depending on formulation. Measurements indicated a slight increase in bead diameter and a notable reduction in wall thickness with higher YL-NC content. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that YL-NC and composite beads had improved thermal stability, with higher residual mass at elevated temperatures. Compressive strength decreased with increased YL-NC loading, while spreadability significantly improved, particularly in the 1:1 formulation. These results demonstrate that Yan Lipao-derived nanocellulose can enhance the structural tunability, thermal behavior, and application properties of alginate-based hydrogel beads for use in advanced cosmetic formulations.
{"title":"Valorization of nanocellulose derived from Yan Lipao (fern vine) basketry waste into nanocellulose for enhancing structural integrity of alginate hydrogel beads","authors":"Nara Yaowiwat, Pacharaporn Ratpornpong, Peerapong Pacdeepin","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nanofibrillated cellulose (YL-NC) was extracted from Yan Lipao basketry waste, yielding 19.53% of purified nanocellulose based on dry biomass. FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the removal of hemicellulose and lignin, while the presence of characteristic cellulose functional groups was retained. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a crystallinity index of 64.29%, indicating a high degree of structural order. SEM imaging showed that YL-NC possessed a thin, elongated fibrils morphology. Finally, Hydrogel beads were prepared by incorporating YL-NC into sodium alginate at alginate: YL-NC ratios of 1:1 and 2:1. The beads exhibited nearly spherical shapes with smooth or slightly textured surfaces, depending on formulation. Measurements indicated a slight increase in bead diameter and a notable reduction in wall thickness with higher YL-NC content. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that YL-NC and composite beads had improved thermal stability, with higher residual mass at elevated temperatures. Compressive strength decreased with increased YL-NC loading, while spreadability significantly improved, particularly in the 1:1 formulation. These results demonstrate that Yan Lipao-derived nanocellulose can enhance the structural tunability, thermal behavior, and application properties of alginate-based hydrogel beads for use in advanced cosmetic formulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100523"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148184206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainability in the fragrance and flavour (F&F) industry has become increasingly relevant, incorporating environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles into all aspects of the value chain. This review provides a comprehensive overview of sustainable fragrance by design by integrating ESG practices, regulatory frameworks, life cycle assessment tools, consumer perspectives, and industrial case studies. This review critically examines current sustainable practices adopted by the industry, including responsible raw material sourcing, green chemistry, low carbon processing, and minimizing packaging waste. The need for standards such as the IFRA-IOFI (The International Fragrance Association - The International Organization of the Flavour Industry) sustainability charter and legislation such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of Chemicals) enables an organised approach to sustainable operations, along with industrial examples from established F&F companies exhibiting practical application. The review also explores innovative sustainability assessment tools, including EcoScent Compass™, GREEN MOTION™, and the IFRA Green Chemistry Compass, for their role in promoting life cycle assessment and safer ingredient selection. In addition, it examines consumer perception of biotechnologically derived ingredients through findings from experimental consumer studies and also discusses how sustainable product development aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). Overall, the review highlights the need for a systematic, science-based transition towards a “benign by design” approach, enabling the fragrance industry to combine responsible innovation with long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability.
{"title":"The sustainability shift in fragrance design: challenges, strategies, and industry impact","authors":"Devanshi Magoo, Anju Srivastava, Reena Jain, Rakesh Kumar Sharma, Sriparna Dutta, Dinesh Kumar, Bhuvana Nageshwaran, Varnika Dewan, Tanishka Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainability in the fragrance and flavour (F&F) industry has become increasingly relevant, incorporating environmental, social and governance (ESG) principles into all aspects of the value chain. This review provides a comprehensive overview of sustainable fragrance by design by integrating ESG practices, regulatory frameworks, life cycle assessment tools, consumer perspectives, and industrial case studies. This review critically examines current sustainable practices adopted by the industry, including responsible raw material sourcing, green chemistry, low carbon processing, and minimizing packaging waste. The need for standards such as the IFRA-IOFI (The International Fragrance Association - The International Organization of the Flavour Industry) sustainability charter and legislation such as REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and restriction of Chemicals) enables an organised approach to sustainable operations, along with industrial examples from established F&F companies exhibiting practical application. The review also explores innovative sustainability assessment tools, including EcoScent Compass™, GREEN MOTION™, and the IFRA Green Chemistry Compass, for their role in promoting life cycle assessment and safer ingredient selection. In addition, it examines consumer perception of biotechnologically derived ingredients through findings from experimental consumer studies and also discusses how sustainable product development aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UN SDGs). Overall, the review highlights the need for a systematic, science-based transition towards a “benign by design” approach, enabling the fragrance industry to combine responsible innovation with long-term environmental, social, and economic sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149003944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work presents a simple, environmentally friendly, and straightforward method for the synthesis of benzohydrazide via a one-pot, solvent-free tandem reaction. Using silica sulfuric acid (SSA) and ultrasound-assisted irradiation, the procedure combines the esterification of benzoic acid with methanol, followed immediately by hydrazinolysis. With this method, the lengthy reaction times, isolation of the intermediate methyl benzoate, and volatile organic solvents required for traditional stepwise synthesis are all avoided. The initial esterification was facilitated by the solid acid catalyst, which also prepared the carbonyl for hydrazine hydrate's nucleophilic attack. A multivariate statistical modelling response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyse the effects of several parameters on the reaction performance, including temperature, catalyst loading, and sonication time. The catalyst demonstrated robust stability and could be reused for several consecutive cycles without a significant loss in catalytic activity. Green metrics evaluation of the benzhydrazide synthesis was carried out using DOZN™ 3.0, and an aggregate value of 2 was obtained, indicating that the synthesis process was environmentally friendly. The result indicated that the ultrasound method was better than the traditional method. This one-pot protocol offers a green and economically viable alternative for the production of benzohydrazide and potentially other hydrazide derivatives, characterised by its operational simplicity, minimal waste generation, and exceptional energy efficiency.
{"title":"Ultrasound assisted synthesis of benzohydrazides catalysed by silica sulphuric acid: Multivariate optimisation and green metric evaluation","authors":"Maulidan Firdaus , Faradila Putri Dewinta Azzahra , Nafisa Aulia Alban , Muhammad Idham Darussalam Mardjan , Herlina Rasyid , Triana Kusumaningsih","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100514","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents a simple, environmentally friendly, and straightforward method for the synthesis of benzohydrazide via a one-pot, solvent-free tandem reaction. Using silica sulfuric acid (SSA) and ultrasound-assisted irradiation, the procedure combines the esterification of benzoic acid with methanol, followed immediately by hydrazinolysis. With this method, the lengthy reaction times, isolation of the intermediate methyl benzoate, and volatile organic solvents required for traditional stepwise synthesis are all avoided. The initial esterification was facilitated by the solid acid catalyst, which also prepared the carbonyl for hydrazine hydrate's nucleophilic attack. A multivariate statistical modelling response surface methodology (RSM) was used to analyse the effects of several parameters on the reaction performance, including temperature, catalyst loading, and sonication time. The catalyst demonstrated robust stability and could be reused for several consecutive cycles without a significant loss in catalytic activity. Green metrics evaluation of the benzhydrazide synthesis was carried out using DOZN™ 3.0, and an aggregate value of 2 was obtained, indicating that the synthesis process was environmentally friendly. The result indicated that the ultrasound method was better than the traditional method. This one-pot protocol offers a green and economically viable alternative for the production of benzohydrazide and potentially other hydrazide derivatives, characterised by its operational simplicity, minimal waste generation, and exceptional energy efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100514"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147538155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Present work describes the development of performance enhancement of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membranes by incorporating polyaniline nanofiber-bentonite (PANI-bentonite) nanohybrid in the membrane matrix via immersion precipitation method, as an effective strategy for removing proteins from contaminated water. The hydrophilic PANI-bentonite nanohybrid was successfully synthesized and characterized. Several instrumental techniques like SEM, AFM, TEM, EDX and BET analysis were used to study the morphological changes during the incorporation of nanohybrid in the PPSU membranes. Experimental results revealed that hydrophilic PANI-bentonite content in the membrane is responsible for the formation of an effective cavities in the composite membranes and enhanced properties like porosity, hydrophilicity and water intake abilities of the modified PPSU composite membranes. Moreover, inclusion of PANI-bentonite nanohybrid increased the permeability and showed the highest results for PBM-2 membrane, which showed a permeability of 181 Lm−2h−1 bar−1 compared to the pristine membrane with a permeability 106 Lm−2h−1 bar−1. The outcomes of the various studies showed that the nanocomposite membrane's fouling resistance increased from 51.4 % for the pristine membrane to 82.8 % for the PBM-2 membrane. Protein filtration efficiency analysis of the developed membranes revealed that PBM-2 membrane with 1 w% PANI-bentonite has high rejection for BSA, egg albumin and pepsin, exhibited 96.7 %, 95.2 % and 68.8 % efficiencies respectively.
{"title":"Sustainable nanohybrid modified polyphenylsulfone ultrafiltration membranes for efficient protein separation","authors":"H.R. Panchami , Arun M. Isloor , B.M. Dodamani , A.M. Vijesh","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2025.100500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Present work describes the development of performance enhancement of polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) membranes by incorporating polyaniline nanofiber-bentonite (PANI-bentonite) nanohybrid in the membrane matrix via immersion precipitation method, as an effective strategy for removing proteins from contaminated water. The hydrophilic PANI-bentonite nanohybrid was successfully synthesized and characterized. Several instrumental techniques like SEM, AFM, TEM, EDX and BET analysis were used to study the morphological changes during the incorporation of nanohybrid in the PPSU membranes. Experimental results revealed that hydrophilic PANI-bentonite content in the membrane is responsible for the formation of an effective cavities in the composite membranes and enhanced properties like porosity, hydrophilicity and water intake abilities of the modified PPSU composite membranes. Moreover, inclusion of PANI-bentonite nanohybrid increased the permeability and showed the highest results for PBM-2 membrane, which showed a permeability of 181 Lm<sup>−2</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> bar<sup>−1</sup> compared to the pristine membrane with a permeability 106 Lm<sup>−2</sup>h<sup>−1</sup> bar<sup>−1</sup>. The outcomes of the various studies showed that the nanocomposite membrane's fouling resistance increased from 51.4 % for the pristine membrane to 82.8 % for the PBM-2 membrane. Protein filtration efficiency analysis of the developed membranes revealed that PBM-2 membrane with 1 w% PANI-bentonite has high rejection for BSA, egg albumin and pepsin, exhibited 96.7 %, 95.2 % and 68.8 % efficiencies respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100500"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145750215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-07-23DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100529
Maryam Shokorollahi, Akbar Esmaeili, Abdolhosein Rustaiyan, João Henrique Zimnoch dos Santos
This study investigates the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of essential oils from the seeds and stems of Artemisia sieberi, a plant native to Iran. The oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The predominant components were santolinyl acetate (34.8% in seeds, 29.5% in stems), camphor (20.7% in seeds, 17.1% in stems), and 1,8-cineole (10.7% in seeds, 6.0% in stems).
The essential oils exhibited notable antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibition zones up to 65 mm for the seed oil and 50 mm for the stem oil. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using the DPPH assay, yielding an impressive IC50 of 0.2089 μg/mL for the stem oil, indicating strong radical-scavenging ability. Additionally, the β-carotene-linoleic acid assay showed a significant percentage of inhibition, confirming the oils' antioxidant efficacy.
These findings highlight the potential of A. sieberi essential oils as effective natural antibacterial and antioxidant agents, supporting their use in the health and wellness sectors.
{"title":"Assessment of antioxidant and antibacterial potentials of Artemisia sieberi growing wild in Iran","authors":"Maryam Shokorollahi, Akbar Esmaeili, Abdolhosein Rustaiyan, João Henrique Zimnoch dos Santos","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of essential oils from the seeds and stems of <em>Artemisia sieberi</em>, a plant native to Iran. The oils were extracted by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The predominant components were santolinyl acetate (34.8% in seeds, 29.5% in stems), camphor (20.7% in seeds, 17.1% in stems), and 1,8-cineole (10.7% in seeds, 6.0% in stems).</div><div>The essential oils exhibited notable antibacterial activity, particularly against Gram-positive bacteria such as <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, with inhibition zones up to 65 mm for the seed oil and 50 mm for the stem oil. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using the DPPH assay, yielding an impressive IC<sub>50</sub> of 0.2089 μg/mL for the stem oil, indicating strong radical-scavenging ability. Additionally, the β-carotene-linoleic acid assay showed a significant percentage of inhibition, confirming the oils' antioxidant efficacy.</div><div>These findings highlight the potential of <em>A. sieberi</em> essential oils as effective natural antibacterial and antioxidant agents, supporting their use in the health and wellness sectors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100529"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148635953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-08-11DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100530
Atria Pradityana, Farah Khosfirah, Wan Mohd Norsani Wan Nik, Elyor Berdimurodov, Izionworu Vincent Onuegbu, Walid Daoudi
This study investigates the corrosion inhibition performance and dynamic adsorption mechanism of clove waste extract (Syzygium aromaticum) as an eco-friendly organic inhibitor for API 5L Grade B steel in a 0.5 M HCl environment. The primary focus of this work lies in the integrated evaluation of low inhibitor concentrations (15–25 ppm) and prolonged immersion times (12–20 h) to elucidate the correlation between evaluation methods, protection efficiency, and film stability. Inhibition performance was systematically assessed using Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Weight Loss methods, while the interfacial characteristics were analyzed through Langmuir adsorption isotherms, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The experimental results demonstrate that the clove extract effectively reduces the corrosion rate, achieving optimal initial inhibition efficiencies of 98.29% (PDP), 89.92% (EIS), and 98.29% (Weight Loss) at 25 ppm after 12 h of exposure. Electrochemical analyses confirm that the extract functions as a predominantly mixed-type inhibitor that simultaneously suppresses both anodic metal dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution. Thermodynamic evaluation reveals standard free energy of adsorption (-ΔG°ads) values ranging between 7.56 and 17.66 kJ/mol, explicitly confirming a spontaneous, physisorption-dominated mechanism driven by weak electrostatic interactions. This physical nature accounts for the high initial surface coverage (θ ≈ 0.98) and the subsequent susceptibility of the film to dynamic adsorption–desorption fluctuations and molecular rearrangements observed at extended immersion periods (16–20 h). SEM and FTIR analyses corroborate these findings, confirming that the mitigation is achieved through a concentration-dependent organic adsorbate layer. The results demonstrate regarding the capabilities and temporal limitations of clove extract, highlighting its functional profile as a bio-based corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel pipeline systems under specific acidic conditions.
{"title":"Clove waste-derived green corrosion inhibitor for API 5L Grade B steel in acidic HCl environment","authors":"Atria Pradityana, Farah Khosfirah, Wan Mohd Norsani Wan Nik, Elyor Berdimurodov, Izionworu Vincent Onuegbu, Walid Daoudi","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the corrosion inhibition performance and dynamic adsorption mechanism of clove waste extract (<em>Syzygium aromaticum</em>) as an eco-friendly organic inhibitor for API 5L Grade B steel in a 0.5 M HCl environment. The primary focus of this work lies in the integrated evaluation of low inhibitor concentrations (15–25 ppm) and prolonged immersion times (12–20 h) to elucidate the correlation between evaluation methods, protection efficiency, and film stability. Inhibition performance was systematically assessed using Potentiodynamic Polarization (PDP), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), and Weight Loss methods, while the interfacial characteristics were analyzed through Langmuir adsorption isotherms, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The experimental results demonstrate that the clove extract effectively reduces the corrosion rate, achieving optimal initial inhibition efficiencies of 98.29% (PDP), 89.92% (EIS), and 98.29% (Weight Loss) at 25 ppm after 12 h of exposure. Electrochemical analyses confirm that the extract functions as a predominantly mixed-type inhibitor that simultaneously suppresses both anodic metal dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution. Thermodynamic evaluation reveals standard free energy of adsorption (-ΔG°ads) values ranging between 7.56 and 17.66 kJ/mol, explicitly confirming a spontaneous, physisorption-dominated mechanism driven by weak electrostatic interactions. This physical nature accounts for the high initial surface coverage (θ ≈ 0.98) and the subsequent susceptibility of the film to dynamic adsorption–desorption fluctuations and molecular rearrangements observed at extended immersion periods (16–20 h). SEM and FTIR analyses corroborate these findings, confirming that the mitigation is achieved through a concentration-dependent organic adsorbate layer. The results demonstrate regarding the capabilities and temporal limitations of clove extract, highlighting its functional profile as a bio-based corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel pipeline systems under specific acidic conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148730808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-09-04DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100533
Abhinav Kumar Singh, Rahul Gautam, Gaurav Manik
Escalating energy demands and geopolitical standoffs are driving the world towards renewable energy sources and sustainability. The present study explored the dominant bacterial species, later confirmed as the novel exoelectrogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, using 16S RNA at tea waste dumping sites (TWDS), and subsequently utilized the used tea waste as a substrate to feed a soil-based microbial fuel cell (SMFC). The Batch mode SMFC with HRT of 14 days and carbon-based electrodes resulted in a stable voltage output of 550 mV, a power density of 1302 mA/m2 and a COD reduction from 1500 mg/L to 352 mg/L, attributed to enhanced extracellular electron transfer (EET) by biofilm-forming, EPS-producing bacteria. This biofilm morphology was studied under SEM, revealing an average thickness of 0.73 μm. This low-cost membrane-less SMFC configuration is effective in addressing the tea waste generated at widely spread tea stalls in India. This study lays the groundwork for advancing circular bioenergy systems by integrating microbial community profiling with functional electrochemical analysis.
{"title":"Deploying noble EPS secreting bacteria for bioenergy production in a soil microbial fuel cell using tea waste","authors":"Abhinav Kumar Singh, Rahul Gautam, Gaurav Manik","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Escalating energy demands and geopolitical standoffs are driving the world towards renewable energy sources and sustainability. The present study explored the dominant bacterial species, later confirmed as the novel exoelectrogen <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em>, using 16S RNA at tea waste dumping sites (TWDS), and subsequently utilized the used tea waste as a substrate to feed a soil-based microbial fuel cell (SMFC). The Batch mode SMFC with HRT of 14 days and carbon-based electrodes resulted in a stable voltage output of 550 mV, a power density of 1302 mA/m<sup>2</sup> and a COD reduction from 1500 mg/L to 352 mg/L, attributed to enhanced extracellular electron transfer (EET) by biofilm-forming, EPS-producing bacteria. This biofilm morphology was studied under SEM, revealing an average thickness of 0.73 μm. This low-cost membrane-less SMFC configuration is effective in addressing the tea waste generated at widely spread tea stalls in India. This study lays the groundwork for advancing circular bioenergy systems by integrating microbial community profiling with functional electrochemical analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148958131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-10-06DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100535
Adrian Gunawan, Achmad Nur Hamzah, Siti Fathimah Az-Zahra Dewi, Januarti Jaya Ekaputri, Syafsir Akhlus, Subaer, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Wiwik Dwi Pratiwi, Nasori, Hamzah Fansuri
Porous geopolymers offer a promising inorganic platform for controlling early-stage nutrient release in fertilizer applications. However, the quantitative influence of pore structure and encapsulation geometry on potassium release remains insufficiently understood. In this study, porous metakaolin-based geopolymer monoliths were investigated as encapsulation matrices for potassium fertilizer, with a specific focus on geometric and porosity-related effects on potassium release within the first 24 h. A Box-Behnken experimental design combined with response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the effects of encapsulation geometry, hydrogen peroxide-induced porosity, and fertilizer loading on cumulative potassium release expressed in absolute mass (mg). Increasing hydrogen peroxide content enhanced bulk open porosity and water absorption, although excessive addition led to pore coalescence and reduced structural integrity. Potassium release behavior was strongly influenced by encapsulation geometry, where increasing encapsulation dimensions resulted in pronounced early-stage potassium retention, with several configurations exhibiting less than 2% release within 24 h. These effects reflect a combined influence of diffusion path length and available transport area rather than thickness alone. The response surface models exhibited strong predictive performance (R2 = 0.974-1.000) for potassium release within the investigated time window. The findings highlight the potential of geometric encapsulation strategies using porous geopolymer matrices for mitigating initial nutrient loss, while the conclusions are intentionally limited to early-stage release behavior. Longer-term release performance and broader environmental implications require further investigation.
{"title":"Geometry-dominated potassium release from porous metakaolin-based geopolymers for sustainable fertilization","authors":"Adrian Gunawan, Achmad Nur Hamzah, Siti Fathimah Az-Zahra Dewi, Januarti Jaya Ekaputri, Syafsir Akhlus, Subaer, Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah, Wiwik Dwi Pratiwi, Nasori, Hamzah Fansuri","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100535","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100535","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous geopolymers offer a promising inorganic platform for controlling early-stage nutrient release in fertilizer applications. However, the quantitative influence of pore structure and encapsulation geometry on potassium release remains insufficiently understood. In this study, porous metakaolin-based geopolymer monoliths were investigated as encapsulation matrices for potassium fertilizer, with a specific focus on geometric and porosity-related effects on potassium release within the first 24 h. A Box-Behnken experimental design combined with response surface methodology was employed to evaluate the effects of encapsulation geometry, hydrogen peroxide-induced porosity, and fertilizer loading on cumulative potassium release expressed in absolute mass (mg). Increasing hydrogen peroxide content enhanced bulk open porosity and water absorption, although excessive addition led to pore coalescence and reduced structural integrity. Potassium release behavior was strongly influenced by encapsulation geometry, where increasing encapsulation dimensions resulted in pronounced early-stage potassium retention, with several configurations exhibiting less than 2% release within 24 h. These effects reflect a combined influence of diffusion path length and available transport area rather than thickness alone. The response surface models exhibited strong predictive performance (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.974-1.000) for potassium release within the investigated time window. The findings highlight the potential of geometric encapsulation strategies using porous geopolymer matrices for mitigating initial nutrient loss, while the conclusions are intentionally limited to early-stage release behavior. Longer-term release performance and broader environmental implications require further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149153887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-04-22DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100517
Aaron Rittmeier, Martin Führ
The European Commission faces a critical challenge in aligning the EU Taxonomy for sustainable activities with the pillars of the European Green Deal, particularly the “zero-pollution ambition for a toxic-free environment” and the “mobilising industry for a clean and circular economy”. Functioning as the unified classification system for environmentally sustainable economic activities, the Taxonomy is designed to bridge real and financial economies, directing capital toward the economic transition. Despite the Chemical Strategy for Sustainability underscoring the chemical industry's essential role in the transition, only a fraction of the activities related to manufacturing of chemicals is covered by the Taxonomy. Particularly, the adopted Environmental Delegated Regulation, comprising the environmental goals Pollution Prevention and Control and Transition to a Circular Economy, lacks activities and specific, measurable criteria for design and production of safer and more sustainable substances and chemical processes. Consequently, progressive chemical manufacturers cannot demonstrate their substantial contribution to these environmental goals through Taxonomy reporting, limiting their access to green capital. Coupled with usability challenges and a low percentage of Taxonomy-eligible and -aligned activities compared to other industries, the majority of chemical manufacturers perceives the Taxonomy as a misaligned instrument for funding Green Chemistry innovation. This transdisciplinary research highlights the systemic bottlenecks. It argues: Without targeted revisions of the delegated regulations and enhanced integration of suitable pollution prevention and circularity metrics, the Taxonomy will remain ineffective in steering financial flows toward a “safer, zero-pollution, and circular chemical industry” - as envisioned by the European Commission's Transition Pathway for the Chemical Industry.
欧盟委员会（European Commission）在将欧盟可持续活动分类标准与《欧洲绿色协议》（European Green Deal）的支柱保持一致方面面临着严峻挑战，尤其是“零污染目标，打造无毒环境”和“动员产业，实现清洁和循环经济”。作为环境可持续经济活动的统一分类系统，该分类法旨在连接实体经济和金融经济，引导资本向经济转型。尽管《可持续发展化学品战略》强调了化学工业在转型中的重要作用，但《分类》只涵盖了与化学品制造有关的一小部分活动。特别是，已通过的环境授权条例，包括防止和控制污染和向循环经济过渡的环境目标，在设计和生产更安全和更可持续的物质和化学过程方面缺乏活动和具体的、可衡量的标准。因此，进步的化学品制造商无法通过分类法报告证明他们对这些环境目标的重大贡献，限制了他们获得绿色资本的机会。再加上可用性方面的挑战，以及与其他行业相比，符合《分类法》的活动比例较低，大多数化学品制造商认为《分类法》是资助绿色化学创新的一种不一致的工具。这一跨学科研究突出了系统性瓶颈。报告认为：如果不对授权法规进行有针对性的修订，并加强适当的污染预防和循环指标的整合，《分类法》在引导资金流向“更安全、零污染和循环的化学工业”方面仍然是无效的——正如欧盟委员会化学工业过渡途径所设想的那样。
{"title":"EU taxonomy and chemical manufacturing: How implementation gaps undermine investment in circular, safer and more sustainable substances and chemical processes","authors":"Aaron Rittmeier, Martin Führ","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100517","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The <em>European Commission</em> faces a critical challenge in aligning the <em>EU Taxonomy for sustainable activities</em> with the pillars of the <em>European Green Deal</em>, particularly the <em>“zero-pollution ambition for a toxic-free environment”</em> and the <em>“mobilising industry for a clean and circular economy”</em>. Functioning as the unified classification system for environmentally sustainable economic activities, the <em>Taxonomy</em> is designed to bridge real and financial economies, directing capital toward the economic transition. Despite the <em>Chemical Strategy for Sustainability</em> underscoring the chemical industry's essential role in the transition, only a fraction of the activities related to manufacturing of chemicals is covered by the Taxonomy. Particularly, the adopted <em>Environmental Delegated Regulation</em>, comprising the environmental goals <em>Pollution Prevention and Control</em> and <em>Transition to a Circular Economy</em>, lacks activities and specific, measurable criteria for design and production of safer and more sustainable substances and chemical processes. Consequently, progressive chemical manufacturers cannot demonstrate their substantial contribution to these environmental goals through Taxonomy reporting, limiting their access to green capital. Coupled with usability challenges and a low percentage of <em>Taxonomy-eligible</em> and -<em>aligned</em> activities compared to other industries, the majority of chemical manufacturers perceives the <em>Taxonomy</em> as a misaligned instrument for funding <em>Green Chemistry innovation</em>. This transdisciplinary research highlights the systemic bottlenecks. It argues: Without targeted revisions of the delegated regulations and enhanced integration of suitable pollution prevention and circularity metrics, the <em>Taxonomy</em> will remain ineffective in steering financial flows toward a “safer, zero-pollution, and circular chemical industry” - as envisioned by the <em>European Commission's Transition Pathway for the Chemical Industry.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100517"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147802792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bio-derived carbon sphere-modified BiOCl/BiOI heterostructures were synthesized via a one-pot solvothermal route to achieve simultaneous interfacial phase alignment and defect engineering. The glucose-derived carbon spheres (GCS) acted as a morphogenetic soft template, inducing a structural evolution into 3D hollow spheres while generating in situ carbon quantum dot (CQD)-like domains. These nanoscale carbon domains establish continuous interfacial charge-transfer channels, suppressing photogenerated carrier recombination. The optimized GCS–BiOCl0.85I0.15 composite exhibited a narrowed bandgap, reduced charge-transfer resistance, and enhanced photocurrent density. The composite achieved enhanced total organic carbon (TOC) removal for both rhodamine B and tetracycline compared to pristine BiOCl. When evaluated in primary-treated municipal wastewater matrices across different batches, the catalyst maintained robust performance, achieving approximately 50% TOC removal within 40 min without substantial photocorrosion or significant elemental leaching. Post-treatment phytotoxicity assays using Lactuca sativa and Vigna radiata confirmed a significant reduction in effluent toxicity. This work demonstrates the potential of integrating halogen-modulated heterojunctions with carbon-assisted defect tuning for realistic wastewater remediation, while acknowledging the need for further synthesis optimization to enhance overall process sustainability.
{"title":"Bio-derived carbon sphere-modified BiOCl/BiOI heterostructures for photocatalytic treatment of real wastewater","authors":"Chuanjiang Pan, Chaiyan Chaiya, Sasiradee Jantasee","doi":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100528","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crgsc.2026.100528","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-derived carbon sphere-modified BiOCl/BiOI heterostructures were synthesized via a one-pot solvothermal route to achieve simultaneous interfacial phase alignment and defect engineering. The glucose-derived carbon spheres (GCS) acted as a morphogenetic soft template, inducing a structural evolution into 3D hollow spheres while generating in situ carbon quantum dot (CQD)-like domains. These nanoscale carbon domains establish continuous interfacial charge-transfer channels, suppressing photogenerated carrier recombination. The optimized GCS–BiOCl<sub>0.85</sub>I<sub>0.15</sub> composite exhibited a narrowed bandgap, reduced charge-transfer resistance, and enhanced photocurrent density. The composite achieved enhanced total organic carbon (TOC) removal for both rhodamine B and tetracycline compared to pristine BiOCl. When evaluated in primary-treated municipal wastewater matrices across different batches, the catalyst maintained robust performance, achieving approximately 50% TOC removal within 40 min without substantial photocorrosion or significant elemental leaching. Post-treatment phytotoxicity assays using <em>Lactuca sativa</em> and <em>Vigna radiata</em> confirmed a significant reduction in effluent toxicity. This work demonstrates the potential of integrating halogen-modulated heterojunctions with carbon-assisted defect tuning for realistic wastewater remediation, while acknowledging the need for further synthesis optimization to enhance overall process sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":296,"journal":{"name":"Current Research in Green and Sustainable Chemistry","volume":"13 ","pages":"Article 100528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148571202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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