Pub Date : 2017-01-03DOI: 10.5400/JTS.2016.V21I1.41-47
S. Nurzakiah, Nurita, D. Nursyamsi
The conservation measures of peat or peat maintain under natural conditions many proposed to address the increase in carbon emissions from land use change and efforts to minimize of fire, but it can not entirely implemented due to peat land has the potential for development of the agricultural commodities is supported by extensive area. Peatlands can be productive agricultural land with appropriate methods. Water management is required to regulate groundwater levels which is suitable for plants, nature conservation and restore hydrological conditions, such as reducing the vulnerability to fire. The percentage of water content vertically and functional groups of organic materials that have both hydrophilic and hydro phobic properties can be an indicator of vulner ability to fire. This research was conducted by survey method and then field sampling on land use rubber. Water management carried out with the installation of water-gate in the drainage channels (Tabat System). There are two experimental units in peatland, namely: 1) the drainage channel is equipped with the water-gate/Tabat (KST), Tabat size adjusted to the channel dimensions, and 2) there are no water-gate on the drainage channel (KNT). The parameters are observed of CO2 fluxes, ground water levels, water content and functional groups of organic matter. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of “tabat system” in mitigating CO2 emission sand vulner ability tofire. The results showed that the water management “tabat system” can reduce CO2 emissions by 47.6%, reducing hydrophobic properties of peat (0-50 cm soil depth) of 6.6% and is able to prevent loss of water-holding ability of fibric peat by 26.6%. This indicates that water management measures is required as one effort to maintain of peat to remain moist condition, so that changes in peat properties of hydrophilic become hydrophobic can be prevented, and reduce peat vulnerability to fire. Keywords: Carbon dioxide emissions, Peatland, Vulner ability to fire, Water management Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE [ How to Cite : Siti Nurzakiah, Nurita and Dedi Nursyamsi. 2016. Water Management “Tabat System” in Carbon Dioxide Mitigation and Vulnerability to Fire On Peatland. J Trop Soils 21: 41-47. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2016.21.1.41 ] [ Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/ 10.5400/jts. 2016.21.1.41 ]
{"title":"Water Management “Tabat System” in Carbon Dioxide Mitigation and Vulnerability to Fire on Peatland","authors":"S. Nurzakiah, Nurita, D. Nursyamsi","doi":"10.5400/JTS.2016.V21I1.41-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5400/JTS.2016.V21I1.41-47","url":null,"abstract":"The conservation measures of peat or peat maintain under natural conditions many proposed to address the increase in carbon emissions from land use change and efforts to minimize of fire, but it can not entirely implemented due to peat land has the potential for development of the agricultural commodities is supported by extensive area. Peatlands can be productive agricultural land with appropriate methods. Water management is required to regulate groundwater levels which is suitable for plants, nature conservation and restore hydrological conditions, such as reducing the vulnerability to fire. The percentage of water content vertically and functional groups of organic materials that have both hydrophilic and hydro phobic properties can be an indicator of vulner ability to fire. This research was conducted by survey method and then field sampling on land use rubber. Water management carried out with the installation of water-gate in the drainage channels (Tabat System). There are two experimental units in peatland, namely: 1) the drainage channel is equipped with the water-gate/Tabat (KST), Tabat size adjusted to the channel dimensions, and 2) there are no water-gate on the drainage channel (KNT). The parameters are observed of CO2 fluxes, ground water levels, water content and functional groups of organic matter. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of “tabat system” in mitigating CO2 emission sand vulner ability tofire. The results showed that the water management “tabat system” can reduce CO2 emissions by 47.6%, reducing hydrophobic properties of peat (0-50 cm soil depth) of 6.6% and is able to prevent loss of water-holding ability of fibric peat by 26.6%. This indicates that water management measures is required as one effort to maintain of peat to remain moist condition, so that changes in peat properties of hydrophilic become hydrophobic can be prevented, and reduce peat vulnerability to fire. Keywords: Carbon dioxide emissions, Peatland, Vulner ability to fire, Water management Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE [ How to Cite : Siti Nurzakiah, Nurita and Dedi Nursyamsi. 2016. Water Management “Tabat System” in Carbon Dioxide Mitigation and Vulnerability to Fire On Peatland. J Trop Soils 21: 41-47. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2016.21.1.41 ] [ Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/ 10.5400/jts. 2016.21.1.41 ]","PeriodicalId":31391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Soils","volume":"46 1","pages":"41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89392979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.5400/jts.2017.v22i1.55-66
M. S. Arif, A. Niswati, S. Yusnaini, Novia Pratiwi Ardiyani
This research was conducted to study the population and diversity of soil and leaf litter mesofauna in arable soils under different types of vegetation and slope at the Agriculture Experimental Field (AEF) of University of Lampung. This study was designed to use the survey method. The soil and leaf litter samples were taken from different vegetation and slope classes. Observational variables included population and diversity index of soil mesofauna (H’), soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil pH, soil organic-C, soil total-N, and soil C/N ratio. The data of population distribution were presented in a boxplot diagram and the correlation between soil properties and mesofauna population or mesofauna diversity index were presented. The results showed that the most abundant soil mesofauna was observed in the plots with sugarcane vegetation, either sampled at the end of dry season (November 2015) or at the beginning of rainy season (April 2016). However, the highest number of leaf litter mesofauna was found in the plot with cassava vegetation. This result suggests that the cassava leaf litter most likely became the preferred substrate for mesofauna. In all treatments, the value of mesofauna diversity index (H‘) was categorized as low according to the Shannon-Weaver index. Two dominant orders frequently found in almost all vegetation types were Acarina and Collembola. The results of correlation analysis indicated that only soil pH sampled on November 2015 was positively correlated with the mesofauna population (range of pH 5.0 to 6.6). Soil moisture content sampled on November 2015 and soil C/N ratio sampled on April 2016 were positively correlated with the diversity index of soil mesofauna, respectively. Soil total-N sampled on November 2015 was negatively correlated with the soil mesofauna diversity index. The increase of leaf litter biomass appeared to promote the increase of the leaf litter mesofauna population, but not the diversity index.
{"title":"Population and Diversity of Soil and Leaf Litter Mesofauna in Arable Soils at The Agriculture Experimental Field of University of Lampung","authors":"M. S. Arif, A. Niswati, S. Yusnaini, Novia Pratiwi Ardiyani","doi":"10.5400/jts.2017.v22i1.55-66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5400/jts.2017.v22i1.55-66","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted to study the population and diversity of soil and leaf litter mesofauna in arable soils under different types of vegetation and slope at the Agriculture Experimental Field (AEF) of University of Lampung. This study was designed to use the survey method. The soil and leaf litter samples were taken from different vegetation and slope classes. Observational variables included population and diversity index of soil mesofauna (H’), soil temperature, soil moisture content, soil pH, soil organic-C, soil total-N, and soil C/N ratio. The data of population distribution were presented in a boxplot diagram and the correlation between soil properties and mesofauna population or mesofauna diversity index were presented. The results showed that the most abundant soil mesofauna was observed in the plots with sugarcane vegetation, either sampled at the end of dry season (November 2015) or at the beginning of rainy season (April 2016). However, the highest number of leaf litter mesofauna was found in the plot with cassava vegetation. This result suggests that the cassava leaf litter most likely became the preferred substrate for mesofauna. In all treatments, the value of mesofauna diversity index (H‘) was categorized as low according to the Shannon-Weaver index. Two dominant orders frequently found in almost all vegetation types were Acarina and Collembola. The results of correlation analysis indicated that only soil pH sampled on November 2015 was positively correlated with the mesofauna population (range of pH 5.0 to 6.6). Soil moisture content sampled on November 2015 and soil C/N ratio sampled on April 2016 were positively correlated with the diversity index of soil mesofauna, respectively. Soil total-N sampled on November 2015 was negatively correlated with the soil mesofauna diversity index. The increase of leaf litter biomass appeared to promote the increase of the leaf litter mesofauna population, but not the diversity index.","PeriodicalId":31391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Soils","volume":"67 1","pages":"55-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86794825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.5400/JTS.2017.V22I1.47-53
Gusmawartati, Agustian, Herviyanti, Jamsari
The aim of the research was to find out potential strainsof cellulolytic bacteria isolated from two tropical peat soils and to studythe potency of the isolated bacteria to decompose oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). The research was carried out in two stages: (1) isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from peat soils and (2) testing the potency of isolated bacteria to decompose oil palm EFB. The cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from two peat soils, i.e. a natural peat soil (forest) and a cultivated peat soil (has been used as agriculture land). Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria was conducted by preparing a series dilution of culture solutions using a streak plate method in a carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) selective medium.Isolates that were able to form clear zones surrounding their bacterial colony were further tested to study the potency of the isolates to decompose cellulose in oil palm EFB. The cellulolytic activity of the selected isolates were further determined via production of reducing sugars in an oil palm EFB liquid medium using Nelson-Somogyi method. The results showed that there are six isolates of cellulolytic bacteria that have been identified in two tropical peat soils used in the current study. Two isolates are identified in a natural peat soil (forest) and four isolates are identified in a cultivated peat soil. The isolates collected are identified as Bacillus sp., Pseudomonassp. and Staphylococcus sp. Among the isolates, an isolate of GS II-1 produces the highest concentration of reducing sugars, namely 0.1012 unitmL-1or 101 ppm, indicating that the isolate of GS II-1 is highly potential to decompose oil palm EFB. Therefore, the isolate of GS II-1 can be used as a decomposer in the bio-conversion processes of oil palm EFB. Keywords: isolation, bacteria, cellulolytic, oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), peat soil
本研究旨在从两种热带泥炭土壤中分离出潜在的纤维素分解细菌菌株，并研究分离出的细菌对油棕空果串(EFB)的分解能力。本研究分两个阶段进行:(1)从泥炭土中分离纤维素分解细菌;(2)检测分离细菌对油棕EFB的分解能力。从两种泥炭土壤中分离出纤维素分解细菌，即天然泥炭土壤(森林)和栽培泥炭土壤(已被用作农业用地)。采用条纹板法在羧甲基纤维素(CMC)选择性培养基中制备一系列稀释培养液，对纤维素分解菌进行了分离。能够在其菌落周围形成清晰区域的分离株被进一步测试，以研究分离株分解油棕EFB中纤维素的效力。采用Nelson-Somogyi法在油棕EFB液体培养基中制备还原糖，进一步测定所选菌株的纤维素水解活性。结果表明，在两种热带泥炭土中鉴定出6株纤维素分解菌。在天然泥炭土(森林)中鉴定出两种分离株，在栽培泥炭土中鉴定出四种分离株。收集到的分离株经鉴定为芽孢杆菌，假单胞菌。其中，GS II-1的还原糖浓度最高，为0.1012 unit ml -1或101 ppm，说明GS II-1具有很强的分解油棕EFB的潜力。因此，分离物GS II-1可作为油棕EFB生物转化过程中的分解者。关键词:分离，细菌，纤维素水解，油棕空果串，泥炭土
{"title":"Isolation of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Peat Soils as Decomposer of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch","authors":"Gusmawartati, Agustian, Herviyanti, Jamsari","doi":"10.5400/JTS.2017.V22I1.47-53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5400/JTS.2017.V22I1.47-53","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to find out potential strainsof cellulolytic bacteria isolated from two tropical peat soils and to studythe potency of the isolated bacteria to decompose oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB). The research was carried out in two stages: (1) isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from peat soils and (2) testing the potency of isolated bacteria to decompose oil palm EFB. The cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from two peat soils, i.e. a natural peat soil (forest) and a cultivated peat soil (has been used as agriculture land). Isolation of cellulolytic bacteria was conducted by preparing a series dilution of culture solutions using a streak plate method in a carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) selective medium.Isolates that were able to form clear zones surrounding their bacterial colony were further tested to study the potency of the isolates to decompose cellulose in oil palm EFB. The cellulolytic activity of the selected isolates were further determined via production of reducing sugars in an oil palm EFB liquid medium using Nelson-Somogyi method. The results showed that there are six isolates of cellulolytic bacteria that have been identified in two tropical peat soils used in the current study. Two isolates are identified in a natural peat soil (forest) and four isolates are identified in a cultivated peat soil. The isolates collected are identified as Bacillus sp., Pseudomonassp. and Staphylococcus sp. Among the isolates, an isolate of GS II-1 produces the highest concentration of reducing sugars, namely 0.1012 unitmL-1or 101 ppm, indicating that the isolate of GS II-1 is highly potential to decompose oil palm EFB. Therefore, the isolate of GS II-1 can be used as a decomposer in the bio-conversion processes of oil palm EFB. Keywords: isolation, bacteria, cellulolytic, oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB), peat soil","PeriodicalId":31391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Soils","volume":"29 1","pages":"47-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89399321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-02DOI: 10.5400/JTS.2017.V22I1.37-45
Dermiyati, A. Karyanto, A. Niswati, J. Raja, S. Triyono, N. Harini
Efforts to increase the production of sweet corn can be done with the application of fertilizers, either inorganic, organic orits combination. In addition, the application of soil amendments such as biochar is also expected to improve soil fertility that will indirectly increase the production of sweet corn.Organonitrophos fertilizer is an organic fertilizer developed by lecturers of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The research was aimed to study effect the combination of organonitrophos, and inorganic fertilizers, biochar and the interaction between fertilizer combination and biochar on soil respiration and soil microbial biomass.The research was conducted in the Integrated Field Laboratory of Lampung University using 6x2 factorial in a Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The first factor was six levels combination of organonitrophos and inorganic fertilizers (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5). The second factor was two levels of biochar dosage (B0 and B1). Data was analyzed by Analysis of Variance and followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD)Test at 5% level. The observed variables were soil microorganism activity likely soil respiration and soil microbial biomass. The results showed that P3B1treatment (300 kg Urea ha-1, 125 kg SP-36 ha-1, 100 kg KCl ha-1 + 2500 kg organoitrophos ha-1) was the highest soil respiration at of 60 days after planting (DAP). P5 treatment (5000 kg Organonitrophos ha-1) has the highest soil microbial biomasscompared to other treatments at 60 and 90 DAP. B1 treatment (5000 kg biochar ha-1) has higher soil respiration and soil microbial biomasscompared to treatment (0 kg biochar ha-1. There was an interaction between combination of organonitrophos and inorganic fertilizers and biochar on soil respiration at 90 DAP. However, there was no interaction between fertilizer combination and biochar on soil microbial biomass.
{"title":"Activity of Soil Microorganisms During the Growth of Sweet Corn (Zea Mays Saccharata Sturt) in the Second Planting Time with the Application of Fertilizers and Biochar","authors":"Dermiyati, A. Karyanto, A. Niswati, J. Raja, S. Triyono, N. Harini","doi":"10.5400/JTS.2017.V22I1.37-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5400/JTS.2017.V22I1.37-45","url":null,"abstract":"Efforts to increase the production of sweet corn can be done with the application of fertilizers, either inorganic, organic orits combination. In addition, the application of soil amendments such as biochar is also expected to improve soil fertility that will indirectly increase the production of sweet corn.Organonitrophos fertilizer is an organic fertilizer developed by lecturers of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung. The research was aimed to study effect the combination of organonitrophos, and inorganic fertilizers, biochar and the interaction between fertilizer combination and biochar on soil respiration and soil microbial biomass.The research was conducted in the Integrated Field Laboratory of Lampung University using 6x2 factorial in a Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The first factor was six levels combination of organonitrophos and inorganic fertilizers (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, and P5). The second factor was two levels of biochar dosage (B0 and B1). Data was analyzed by Analysis of Variance and followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD)Test at 5% level. The observed variables were soil microorganism activity likely soil respiration and soil microbial biomass. The results showed that P3B1treatment (300 kg Urea ha-1, 125 kg SP-36 ha-1, 100 kg KCl ha-1 + 2500 kg organoitrophos ha-1) was the highest soil respiration at of 60 days after planting (DAP). P5 treatment (5000 kg Organonitrophos ha-1) has the highest soil microbial biomasscompared to other treatments at 60 and 90 DAP. B1 treatment (5000 kg biochar ha-1) has higher soil respiration and soil microbial biomasscompared to treatment (0 kg biochar ha-1. There was an interaction between combination of organonitrophos and inorganic fertilizers and biochar on soil respiration at 90 DAP. However, there was no interaction between fertilizer combination and biochar on soil microbial biomass.","PeriodicalId":31391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Soils","volume":"20 1","pages":"37-45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82369573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Husnain, I. A. Sipahutar, J. Purnomo, Hery Widyanto, Nurhayati
The conversion of peat soils to agricultural uses has been thought to increase CO2 emission due to several factors, including fertilization. However, evidence on the effect of fertilization on CO2emissionsfrompeat soils is rareand often inconsistence. We measured the effects of different types of fertilizer, including N, P and K sources, and clay as an ameliorant on CO2 emission from a bare peat soil in Lubuk Ogong, Riau Province. Nutrients were added in the following combinations: 0 (unfertilized plot), N source (urea), slow-release N (slow release urea), N and Psource (Urea+SP-36), N, P and K sources (urea+SP-36+KCl) and combined NPK-Clay. Fertilization resulted in a decreasein CO2 emissions compared to that prior to fertilization except when slow-release urea was applied. Decreasing of CO2 emissions was probably due to pH-related effects because the pH in the N treatment was lower than in both the control and the unfertilized plot. A decreasein the level of CO2 emissions among the treatments followed the order NPK-Clay>NP>NPK>urea>slow-release urea. Covariance analyses showed that the difference in CO2 emissions prior to treatment was not significant. The application of individual and combined treatments of N, P, K and NPK mixed with 5 Mg ha-1 clay led to significantly reduced CO2 emissions from bare peat soil in Lubuk Ogong, Riau Province. In addition to fertilization, the water table depth was the only parameter that significantly affected the CO2 emissions (P<0.05). We conclude that the application of nutrient combinations, including N, P, K and clay, could reduce CO2 emissions because these treatments maintain a balanced nutritional condition in the soil with respect to the microbial activity. Keywords: Amelioration, CO2 emission, fertilization, tropical peat soils
{"title":"CO2 Emissions from Tropical Peat Soil Affected by Fertilization","authors":"Husnain, I. A. Sipahutar, J. Purnomo, Hery Widyanto, Nurhayati","doi":"10.5400/jts.v22i1.2209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5400/jts.v22i1.2209","url":null,"abstract":"The conversion of peat soils to agricultural uses has been thought to increase CO2 emission due to several factors, including fertilization. However, evidence on the effect of fertilization on CO2emissionsfrompeat soils is rareand often inconsistence. We measured the effects of different types of fertilizer, including N, P and K sources, and clay as an ameliorant on CO2 emission from a bare peat soil in Lubuk Ogong, Riau Province. Nutrients were added in the following combinations: 0 (unfertilized plot), N source (urea), slow-release N (slow release urea), N and Psource (Urea+SP-36), N, P and K sources (urea+SP-36+KCl) and combined NPK-Clay. Fertilization resulted in a decreasein CO2 emissions compared to that prior to fertilization except when slow-release urea was applied. Decreasing of CO2 emissions was probably due to pH-related effects because the pH in the N treatment was lower than in both the control and the unfertilized plot. A decreasein the level of CO2 emissions among the treatments followed the order NPK-Clay>NP>NPK>urea>slow-release urea. Covariance analyses showed that the difference in CO2 emissions prior to treatment was not significant. The application of individual and combined treatments of N, P, K and NPK mixed with 5 Mg ha-1 clay led to significantly reduced CO2 emissions from bare peat soil in Lubuk Ogong, Riau Province. In addition to fertilization, the water table depth was the only parameter that significantly affected the CO2 emissions (P<0.05). We conclude that the application of nutrient combinations, including N, P, K and clay, could reduce CO2 emissions because these treatments maintain a balanced nutritional condition in the soil with respect to the microbial activity. Keywords: Amelioration, CO2 emission, fertilization, tropical peat soils","PeriodicalId":31391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Soils","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75254209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anandyawati Anandyawati, Enok Sumarsih, R. Widyastuti, B. Nugroho
Mutual interaction between plants and microbes occured in the rhizosphere is expected to increase productivity of crops or soil fertility for agriculture. Plants excrete root exudates to attract microbes, and then microbes obtain habitat and food supply from plants and can fulfill the nutrient requirements through assisted enzymatic activity. The objective of the research was to study the types and amounts of root exudate organic acids, microbial population, and the relationship between root exudate organic acids and microbial population in the rhizosphere of oil palm seedlings. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using a planting medium of sterile quartz sand. The study was conducted using two factorials completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was oil palm seedling age (control / no oil palm seed, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months-old of oil palm seedlings) and the second factor was the periods of seedling growth (45, 90, 135 and 180 days), so in total there were 72 experimental units. The result of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that four kinds of organic acids were observed in the rhizosphere of oil palm seedlings, with the highest concentration were: acetic acid (1.66 ppm), citric acid (0.157 ppm), malic acid (2.061 ppm) and oxalic acid (0.675) ppm. The highest total population of microbes, fungi, Azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) were 19.38 × 106 cfu g-1 soil, 3.28 × 104 cfu g-1 soil, 12.09 × 105 cfu g-1 soil, 8.39 × 104 cfu g-1 soil and 1.15 × 104 cfu g-1 soil, respectively. There are positive correlations between root exudate organic acids and total microbes, fungi, Azotobacter, PSB and PSF are. Keywords: microbes, organic acids, rhizosphere, root exudates
{"title":"Study of Root Exudate Organic Acids and Microbial Population in the Rhizosphere of Oil Palm Seedling","authors":"Anandyawati Anandyawati, Enok Sumarsih, R. Widyastuti, B. Nugroho","doi":"10.5400/jts.v22i1.2212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5400/jts.v22i1.2212","url":null,"abstract":"Mutual interaction between plants and microbes occured in the rhizosphere is expected to increase productivity of crops or soil fertility for agriculture. Plants excrete root exudates to attract microbes, and then microbes obtain habitat and food supply from plants and can fulfill the nutrient requirements through assisted enzymatic activity. The objective of the research was to study the types and amounts of root exudate organic acids, microbial population, and the relationship between root exudate organic acids and microbial population in the rhizosphere of oil palm seedlings. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using a planting medium of sterile quartz sand. The study was conducted using two factorials completely randomized design with three replications. The first factor was oil palm seedling age (control / no oil palm seed, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months-old of oil palm seedlings) and the second factor was the periods of seedling growth (45, 90, 135 and 180 days), so in total there were 72 experimental units. The result of High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that four kinds of organic acids were observed in the rhizosphere of oil palm seedlings, with the highest concentration were: acetic acid (1.66 ppm), citric acid (0.157 ppm), malic acid (2.061 ppm) and oxalic acid (0.675) ppm. The highest total population of microbes, fungi, Azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and phosphate solubilizing fungi (PSF) were 19.38 × 106 cfu g-1 soil, 3.28 × 104 cfu g-1 soil, 12.09 × 105 cfu g-1 soil, 8.39 × 104 cfu g-1 soil and 1.15 × 104 cfu g-1 soil, respectively. There are positive correlations between root exudate organic acids and total microbes, fungi, Azotobacter, PSB and PSF are. Keywords: microbes, organic acids, rhizosphere, root exudates","PeriodicalId":31391,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Soils","volume":"32 1","pages":"29-36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77974673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-09-09DOI: 10.5400/JTS.2015.V20I3.157-166
Siregar Sabar Timbul Halomoan, Wawan, Adiwirman
Effect of fertilization on the growth and biomass of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus hybrid (E. grandis x E. pellita) on third rotation is still not well understood to support judicious application in large scale forest plantations. A field experiment aimed at understanding these questions was conducted in PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper forest concession in Riau during 2011 to 2013. The experiment consisted of 2 trials based on species, each was arranged in a Randomized Completely Block Design with 5 replicates. Treatments for A. mangium were zero fertilizer, 23 and 70 kg P ha-1 and for E. hybrid zero fertilizer, 70 and 210 kg N ha-1. Biomass at 24 months was estimated using allometric equations with diameter at breast height (DBH) as predictor. Significant effects are: increased DBH and stand volume of both species and height of E. hybrid. Increased aboveground and root biomass, but decreased root:shoot ratio (R:S) of both species. There was no significant effect of luxury rates of P or N on all parameters in each species. Stem was the biomass component most increased by fertilization resulting in proportional changes in other components except bark. Fertilization increased total leaf area, leaf specific area and stem growth efficiency of both species. Luxury fertilizer rates reduced fertilizer efficiency in both species. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE [ How to Cite : Siregar STH, Wawan and Adiwirman. 2015. Effect of Fertilization on the Growth and Biomass of Acacia mangium and (E. grandis x E. pellita). J Trop Soils 20: 157-166. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.157 ]
施肥对三轮轮作相思与桉树杂交(e.grandis x e.pellita)生长和生物量的影响尚不清楚，无法为大规模人工林合理施用提供支持。2011年至2013年期间，在廖内省PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper森林特许权进行了一项旨在了解这些问题的实地实验。试验按种数分为2个试验，采用完全随机区组设计，每组5个重复。manmanum的处理分别为无肥23和70 kg P hm -1，杂交e的处理分别为无肥70和210 kg N hm -1。采用异速生长方程，以胸径(DBH)为预测因子估算24月龄生物量。显著效果是:增加了杂交种的胸径和林分体积，增加了杂交种的高度。增加了地上生物量和根系生物量，但降低了根冠比(R:S)。氮、磷奢侈率对各种属各参数均无显著影响。除树皮外，茎部是施肥增加最多的生物量成分，其他成分的比例也发生了变化。施肥增加了两种植物的总叶面积、叶比面积和茎生长效率。肥量过大降低了两个物种的肥效。[来源:Siregar STH, Wawan and Adiwirman. 2015]施肥对马相思和大叶相思生长和生物量的影响。[J] .土壤学报，20(2):559 - 561。[Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.157]
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Pub Date : 2016-09-09DOI: 10.5400/JTS.2015.V20I3.167-172
Dermiyati, J. Lumbanraja, I. S. Banuwa, S. Triyono, Oktarina Maulida, Debby Agsari
A field experiment was conducted to find out a combination dose of a novel organic fertilizer (Organonitrophos, OP) and inorganic fertilizers (N, P, and K) for the growth and yield of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) during two planting periods of 2012-2013 and 2013- 2014 in ultisol soil (low in nutrients and organic matter) of Bandarlampung. The treatments were a six combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer. The experiments were laid out in a randomized block design with three replications. The difference combination of Organonitrophos and NPK fertilizers showed significantly effects on the plant height, the NPK sorption of total plant and total root, and the yields of cassava. The highest NPK sorption of total plants and total yields and the highest yields of cassava were found in N45P36K120OP1,000 kg ha-1 combination for the two planting periods. Based on Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE) of cassava root yield, it can be concluded that 45-36-120-1,000 N-P-K-Organonitrophos kg ha-1 was the best combination dose of inorganic and organic fertilizers for the production of cassava in ultisol soil of Bandarlampung. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE [ How to Cite : Dermiyati, J Lumbanraja, IS Banuwa, S Triyono, O Maulida and D Agsari. 2015. Application of Organonitrofos and Inorganic Fertilizer on Cassava (Manihot Esculenta Crantz) in Ultisol Soil. J Trop Soils 20: 167-172. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.167 ]
通过田间试验，研究了2012-2013年和2013- 2014年两个种植期，在万达兰蓬多质(低养分和低有机质)土壤上，新型有机肥(有机磷，OP)与无机肥(N、P、K)对木薯生长和产量的影响。处理为有机肥和无机肥的6种组合。试验采用随机区组设计，重复3次。有机肥与氮磷钾不同配比对木薯株高、全株和全根氮磷钾吸收量及产量均有显著影响。2个种植期n45p36k120op1000 kg ha-1组合的植株总氮磷钾吸收量和总产量最高，木薯产量最高。通过对木薯根系产量的相对农艺效益(RAE)分析，得出在万达兰蓬多质土壤中，45-36-120- 1000 n - p - k -有机氮肥kg ha-1是木薯生产的最佳无机有机肥配施剂量。引用方法:Dermiyati, J Lumbanraja, IS Banuwa, S Triyono, O Maulida and D Agsari. 2015。有机硝肥和无机肥在多质土壤木薯上的应用。[J] .土壤学报，20(2):387 - 398。[Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.167]
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Pub Date : 2016-09-08DOI: 10.5400/JTS.2015.V20I3.149-155
S. M. Bernas, A. Wijaya, E. Parlindungan, S. N. Fitri
There were five emergence plants in swampland such as Polygonum barbatum, Neptunia prostrata, Phragmites karka, Ludwigia adscendens and Phragmites communis, which might be used for compost source, all the plants were easily adapted and grew very well on acid soil. These plants were choosen because of abudancy and size. All plants were identified, collected, chopped and weighted then put in a 50 liters plastic drum for decomposting during 12 weeks. Composts temperature were monitored every week, nutrients content (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na) and compost chemical properties (C-organic, C.E.C., C/N ratio) were analysed every two weeks. Results showed that each compost from different plant varied in nutrients content and chemical properties. Compost made of Neptunia prostata Lam. contained highest nutrients than others, it’s nutrients were N (4%), P (1675 mg kg-1), K (5.6 %), Ca (0.32 %), Mg (0.32 %) and Na (0.12 %) and the lowest nutrients content showed by compost of Phragmites karka Retz. in which N (2.4 %), P (1160 mg kg-1), K (2.62 %), Ca (0.04 %), Mg (0.07 %), and Na (0.03 %). It seem broadleaf plants tended to have higher nutrients content than grasses or graminae. Neptunia prostrata compost had a high N content due to it’s leguminosae plant. Al and Fe were low in all composts, therefore all plants were recommended for organic nutrient sources. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE [ How to Cite : Siti MB, A Wijaya, EP Sagala and SNA Fitri. 2015. Identification and Decomposition of Five Dominant Wild plants from Acid Swampland in South Sumatra. J Trop Soils 20: 149-155. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.149 ]
沼泽中有5种出苗植物，如蓼、芦竹、芦竹、芦竹和芦苇，均可作为堆肥源，在酸性土壤上适应性强，生长良好。选择这些植物是因为它们的数量和大小。所有植物都经过鉴定、收集、切碎和称重，然后在12周内放入一个50升的塑料桶中进行分解。每周监测堆肥温度，每两周分析养分含量(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Na)和化学性质(C-有机、C.E.C、C/N比)。结果表明，不同植物堆肥的养分含量和化学性质存在差异。用海参制成的堆肥。其中氮(4%)、磷(1675 mg kg-1)、钾(5.6%)、钙(0.32%)、镁(0.32%)和钠(0.12%)含量最高，芦苇堆肥的营养成分含量最低。在N(2.4%)、P(1160毫克公斤)、K (2.62%), Ca(0.04%)、mg(0.07%),和Na(0.03%)。阔叶植物似乎比禾本科或禾本科植物具有更高的营养成分。因其属豆科植物，羊粪堆肥中氮含量较高。所有堆肥中Al和Fe含量均较低，因此推荐所有植物作为有机营养源。[如何引用:Siti MB, A Wijaya, EP Sagala和SNA Fitri. 2015.]南苏门答腊酸性沼泽5种优势野生植物的鉴定与分解。[J] .土壤学报，20(2):559 - 559。[Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.149]
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Pub Date : 2016-09-08DOI: 10.5400/JTS.2015.V20I3.173-180
Widrializa, R. Widyastuti, D. Santosa, G. Djajakirana
Harapan forests is the first restoration forest in Indonesia, includes several different ecosystems. Different ecosystems have different characteristic to affect the diversity and abundance of Collembola. In the ecosystem, Collembola have an important role in biocontrol, decomposition, soil nutrient distribution, stimulation of soil microbial activity and as an alternative feed for predators. This study was aimed to investigate the diversity and abundance of Collembola in four ecosystems at Harapan forest, i.e. secondary forest, rubber forest, rubber smallholder and oil palm smallholder. To achieve the objective, soil samples were taken at 48 observation points in the four ecosystem. The soil samples were then extracted by Kempson Extractor. The diversity and abundance of Collembola in four ecosystems were categorized as medium to high. The total of individual and population of Collembola in the secondary and rubber forest ecosystems were likely to be higher than in the rubber and oil palm smallholders. This study had also identified four orders, 14 families and 31 genera of Collembola, where Isotomiella and Proisotoma dominated the genus of Collembola in the four ecosystems. Normal 0 false false false IN X-NONE X-NONE [ How to Cite : Widrializa, R Widyastuti, DA Santosa and G Djajakirana. 2015. The Diversity and Abundance of Springtail (Collembola) on Forests and Smallholder in Jambi. J Trop Soils 20: 173-180. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.173 ]
Harapan森林是印度尼西亚第一个恢复森林，包括几个不同的生态系统。不同的生态系统对弹线虫的多样性和丰度有不同的影响。在生态系统中，弹虫在生物防治、分解、土壤养分分配、刺激土壤微生物活性以及作为捕食者的替代饲料等方面具有重要作用。本研究旨在调查Harapan森林次生林、橡胶林、橡胶小农和油棕小农4个生态系统中弹蛾的多样性和丰度。为了实现这一目标，在四个生态系统的48个观测点采集了土壤样本。然后用Kempson提取器提取土壤样品。4个生态系统弹虫的多样性和丰度均为中高。次生林和橡胶林生态系统的弹蛾个体和种群总数可能高于橡胶和油棕小农。共鉴定出弹虫4目14科31属，其中Isotomiella和Proisotoma在4个生态系统中占优势。正常0虚假虚假虚假IN X-NONE X-NONE引用方式:Widrializa, R Widyastuti, DA Santosa, G jajakirana. 2015。占碑地区森林和小农春尾虫的多样性和丰度。[J] .土壤学报，20(3):393 - 398。[Doi: 10.5400/jts.2015.20.3.173]
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