This study aims at analyzing how the meaning-making of semiotic signs is manifested on (Covid-19)-themed murals in Indonesia. Four murals with covid-19 themes derived from different sources on the Indonesian website were used as the main data for this study. Drawing on Kress and van Leeuwen’s representational, interactive, and compositional function of social semiotics, the analysis reveals that (1) the murals adopt the four processes in narrative representation, (2) the gazes are categorized as offers images and the use of long shot in the images suggest objectivity and social distance, (3) the messages are delivered in given-new and real-ideal pattern and the absence of frames in the murals indicating that the visual and verbal modes lock together to create the sense of unity between the image and written modes to construct and deliver the message by integrating the existing knowledge to reinforce new information. Thus, the current study contributes to the multimodal studies of how visual and written expression construct the meaning-making process.
{"title":"WHEN THE WALL SPEAKS: SOCIAL SEMIOTICS ANALYSIS OF (COVID-19)-THEMED MURALS IN INDONESIA","authors":"Sri Hariyatmi","doi":"10.24071/llt.v26i1.5783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v26i1.5783","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims at analyzing how the meaning-making of semiotic signs is manifested on (Covid-19)-themed murals in Indonesia. Four murals with covid-19 themes derived from different sources on the Indonesian website were used as the main data for this study. Drawing on Kress and van Leeuwen’s representational, interactive, and compositional function of social semiotics, the analysis reveals that (1) the murals adopt the four processes in narrative representation, (2) the gazes are categorized as offers images and the use of long shot in the images suggest objectivity and social distance, (3) the messages are delivered in given-new and real-ideal pattern and the absence of frames in the murals indicating that the visual and verbal modes lock together to create the sense of unity between the image and written modes to construct and deliver the message by integrating the existing knowledge to reinforce new information. Thus, the current study contributes to the multimodal studies of how visual and written expression construct the meaning-making process.","PeriodicalId":31957,"journal":{"name":"LLT Journal A Journal on Language and Language Teaching","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43211944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a multimodal critical discourse analysis of three Indonesian English language teaching textbooks. The study focused on the representation of the visuals on the cover to describe English as an International Language paradigm in Indonesia. This study was a qualitative study where the data were presented in the form of a narrative story. The researcher also employed themes to answer the research questions. The result showed that the orientation of English language teaching in Indonesia was native-centeredness where correctness was the focus of the process. Meanwhile, the practice would not prepare the student to have cross-cultural communication where English was used as the Lingua Franca. The result was likely to be in accordance with the latest study on Indonesian teachers’ perspective of the EIL paradigm which showed reluctance.
{"title":"NATIVE-CENTEREDNESS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHING MATERIALS: A MULTIMODAL CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS ON INDONESIAN ELT TEXTBOOKS’ COVER","authors":"Hilarius Raditya Priambada Purba","doi":"10.24071/llt.v26i1.4647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v26i1.4647","url":null,"abstract":"This is a multimodal critical discourse analysis of three Indonesian English language teaching textbooks. The study focused on the representation of the visuals on the cover to describe English as an International Language paradigm in Indonesia. This study was a qualitative study where the data were presented in the form of a narrative story. The researcher also employed themes to answer the research questions. The result showed that the orientation of English language teaching in Indonesia was native-centeredness where correctness was the focus of the process. Meanwhile, the practice would not prepare the student to have cross-cultural communication where English was used as the Lingua Franca. The result was likely to be in accordance with the latest study on Indonesian teachers’ perspective of the EIL paradigm which showed reluctance.","PeriodicalId":31957,"journal":{"name":"LLT Journal A Journal on Language and Language Teaching","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46760391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most of the research on lexical measures was conducted in English and conducted similarly in other languages without accurate adaptations to the language being tested. The first objective of this study is to identify differences between applications of lexical density and lexical diversity when tested as in English and when adapted to the language being tested. The second objective is to inspect the effect of acquisition time on intermediate-level second-language learners' lexical density and diversity. In a test-retest study over one year, Arabic Hebrew bilinguals (n=23) wrote argumentative essays, in which lexical density and diversity were analyzed according to two approaches; a conventional approach as in English and an adapted approach more aligned with Hebrew linguistic features. In both approaches, lexical density was calculated as the number of lexical words in proportion to the total number of words and lexical diversity using the type-token ratio (TTR) and Corrected TTR (CTTR). Findings reveal statistically significant differences between the two approaches and the adapted approach allowed for cross-language and interlanguage comparisons. Although no significant increase in lexical density and diversity over the year was found, various patterns for lexical development were observed; at the second time point, students with the lowest level of lexical diversity substantially improved and more essays fell within the lexical density range of a typically written language.
{"title":"EVALUATING L2 VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT FEATURES USING LEXICAL DENSITY AND LEXICAL DIVERSITY MEASURES","authors":"Eihab Abu-Rabiah","doi":"10.24071/llt.v26i1.5841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v26i1.5841","url":null,"abstract":"Most of the research on lexical measures was conducted in English and conducted similarly in other languages without accurate adaptations to the language being tested. The first objective of this study is to identify differences between applications of lexical density and lexical diversity when tested as in English and when adapted to the language being tested. The second objective is to inspect the effect of acquisition time on intermediate-level second-language learners' lexical density and diversity. In a test-retest study over one year, Arabic Hebrew bilinguals (n=23) wrote argumentative essays, in which lexical density and diversity were analyzed according to two approaches; a conventional approach as in English and an adapted approach more aligned with Hebrew linguistic features. In both approaches, lexical density was calculated as the number of lexical words in proportion to the total number of words and lexical diversity using the type-token ratio (TTR) and Corrected TTR (CTTR). Findings reveal statistically significant differences between the two approaches and the adapted approach allowed for cross-language and interlanguage comparisons. Although no significant increase in lexical density and diversity over the year was found, various patterns for lexical development were observed; at the second time point, students with the lowest level of lexical diversity substantially improved and more essays fell within the lexical density range of a typically written language.","PeriodicalId":31957,"journal":{"name":"LLT Journal A Journal on Language and Language Teaching","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45058749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There has been an increasing demand for undergraduate students to do their scholarly research and publish the finding in the form of articles in their final year of study. The importance of writing publishable articles is a repeated and step-by-step process to maintain self-confidence in writing articles. In other words, many students struggle to publish their articles because the rate of successful articles can be affected by the common mistake made. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to find how undergraduate students perceived confidence in writing publishable articles since they may still have difficulties in writing articles. The researcher used thematic data analysis to summarize data points. This study applied criterion-based sampling as a technique to determine the sample. The total number of participants was 8 students. This study focused on English Language Education Study Program (ELESP) students in semester 8 at Sanata Dharma University who once joined a conference and published their articles. Data were collected from interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and document analysis. The findings showed that most ELESP students faced some challenges in writing articles. The challenges experienced frequently by students were the use of grammar and vocabulary. Nonetheless, the results showed that ELESP students utilized some online tools and benefited from feedback from other parties to increase their confidence in writing articles.
{"title":"STUDENTS PERCEIVED CONFIDENCE IN WRITING PUBLISHABLE ARTICLES","authors":"Mariana Sri Purwanti, Fidelis Chosa Kastuhandani","doi":"10.24071/llt.v26i1.5407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v26i1.5407","url":null,"abstract":"There has been an increasing demand for undergraduate students to do their scholarly research and publish the finding in the form of articles in their final year of study. The importance of writing publishable articles is a repeated and step-by-step process to maintain self-confidence in writing articles. In other words, many students struggle to publish their articles because the rate of successful articles can be affected by the common mistake made. Therefore, this qualitative study aimed to find how undergraduate students perceived confidence in writing publishable articles since they may still have difficulties in writing articles. The researcher used thematic data analysis to summarize data points. This study applied criterion-based sampling as a technique to determine the sample. The total number of participants was 8 students. This study focused on English Language Education Study Program (ELESP) students in semester 8 at Sanata Dharma University who once joined a conference and published their articles. Data were collected from interviews, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), and document analysis. The findings showed that most ELESP students faced some challenges in writing articles. The challenges experienced frequently by students were the use of grammar and vocabulary. Nonetheless, the results showed that ELESP students utilized some online tools and benefited from feedback from other parties to increase their confidence in writing articles.","PeriodicalId":31957,"journal":{"name":"LLT Journal A Journal on Language and Language Teaching","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42823063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teacher talk must be specific, clear, concise, and comprehensible for students as the target interlocutors. This study aimed to characterize lexical density in teacher talks of elementary school teachers and university lecturers during teaching. A qualitative descriptive technique was used involving lexico-grammar analysis from an SFL perspective. The subjects of this study were three elementary school teachers (6th-grade teachers) and three university lecturers (English lecturers) who were voluntarily recorded during their teaching time; once for each. Hence, the object of this study is the transcriptions of teacher talks from these six research subjects which were then analyzed using documentation techniques of data analysis namely selection, categorization, classification, identification, and verification. The results show that the lexical density used in elementary school teacher talk is 42.65% (low) and that one employed at the university level is 36.76% (low). Unexpectedly, the rate for elementary school is somewhat higher than that for the university level. This case appears to have an intervening aspect because the elementary school is an international school. It is learned that an educational institution—regardless of its level—with a distinct learning target would certainly influence the lexical density employed in the teachers’ spoken discourse during classes.
{"title":"COMPARING LEXICAL DENSITY IN TEACHER TALKS: ELEMENTARY SCHOOL AND HIGHER EDUCATION LEVEL","authors":"Nyak Mutia Ismail, Marisa Yoestara, Sitti Jamilah","doi":"10.24071/llt.v26i1.4971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v26i1.4971","url":null,"abstract":"Teacher talk must be specific, clear, concise, and comprehensible for students as the target interlocutors. This study aimed to characterize lexical density in teacher talks of elementary school teachers and university lecturers during teaching. A qualitative descriptive technique was used involving lexico-grammar analysis from an SFL perspective. The subjects of this study were three elementary school teachers (6th-grade teachers) and three university lecturers (English lecturers) who were voluntarily recorded during their teaching time; once for each. Hence, the object of this study is the transcriptions of teacher talks from these six research subjects which were then analyzed using documentation techniques of data analysis namely selection, categorization, classification, identification, and verification. The results show that the lexical density used in elementary school teacher talk is 42.65% (low) and that one employed at the university level is 36.76% (low). Unexpectedly, the rate for elementary school is somewhat higher than that for the university level. This case appears to have an intervening aspect because the elementary school is an international school. It is learned that an educational institution—regardless of its level—with a distinct learning target would certainly influence the lexical density employed in the teachers’ spoken discourse during classes.","PeriodicalId":31957,"journal":{"name":"LLT Journal A Journal on Language and Language Teaching","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43960343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spanish is one of the most popular foreign language subjects among learners, as there are currently 142 million users who have used Duolingo to learn Spanish. The Spanish language is projected to see even greater increases in the United States, both academically and demographically. The current research question asks, “How do individual Duolingo Spanish users use discussion boards over time among highly engaged, moderately engaged, and lower engaged users?” This study of Duolingo Spanish users is compared to a previous study about how highly engaged, moderately engaged, and lower engaged Duolingo German users use discussion boards over time. The results of the analysis showed that there were three themes: (1) highly engaged users make comments over a longer period of time over many years and have the highest proficiency in the Spanish language; (2) moderately engaged users make comments over a relatively shorter period of time during the duration of their studies; (3) lower engaged users are more likely to engage in the discussion boards socially about tangential topics over the span of months. The results of this study may inform researchers and educators on how discussion boards may facilitate language learning skills and Spanish knowledge to increase proficiency.
{"title":"DUOLINGO SPANISH USERS: DISCUSSION BOARDS USE OVER TIME","authors":"Tom Neuschafer","doi":"10.24071/llt.v26i1.5767","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v26i1.5767","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish is one of the most popular foreign language subjects among learners, as there are currently 142 million users who have used Duolingo to learn Spanish. The Spanish language is projected to see even greater increases in the United States, both academically and demographically. The current research question asks, “How do individual Duolingo Spanish users use discussion boards over time among highly engaged, moderately engaged, and lower engaged users?” This study of Duolingo Spanish users is compared to a previous study about how highly engaged, moderately engaged, and lower engaged Duolingo German users use discussion boards over time. The results of the analysis showed that there were three themes: (1) highly engaged users make comments over a longer period of time over many years and have the highest proficiency in the Spanish language; (2) moderately engaged users make comments over a relatively shorter period of time during the duration of their studies; (3) lower engaged users are more likely to engage in the discussion boards socially about tangential topics over the span of months. The results of this study may inform researchers and educators on how discussion boards may facilitate language learning skills and Spanish knowledge to increase proficiency.","PeriodicalId":31957,"journal":{"name":"LLT Journal A Journal on Language and Language Teaching","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47636471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Resting only upon projects, manuals, reports, and recommendations, so far, the ongoing gender-neutral language debate has not attracted broader research attention in the Macedonian language. Therefore, this qualitative study aims to provide thorough information on the Macedonian gender-specific nouns denoting profession/role by analyzing their entries in the current online Macedonian Dictionary and some documents, using the general inductive approach. Indicating that the singular/plural masculine generic nouns designating profession/role in one of their meanings refer to both sexes, the research results underpin the consequences of this usage, revealing the natural/grammatical gender collision, which latently contributes to women’s invisibility in society in general. The findings further suggest that some feminine derivations, which still have not been widely embraced due to the traditional values, and which perhaps sound slightly strange and even a bit humorous, do not depreciate women, and their usage should be endorsed and strongly encouraged.
{"title":"THE GENDER-SPECIFIC NOUNS DENOTING PROFESSION/ROLE: THE MACEDONIAN CASE","authors":"Violeta Janusheva","doi":"10.24071/llt.v26i1.5645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v26i1.5645","url":null,"abstract":"Resting only upon projects, manuals, reports, and recommendations, so far, the ongoing gender-neutral language debate has not attracted broader research attention in the Macedonian language. Therefore, this qualitative study aims to provide thorough information on the Macedonian gender-specific nouns denoting profession/role by analyzing their entries in the current online Macedonian Dictionary and some documents, using the general inductive approach. Indicating that the singular/plural masculine generic nouns designating profession/role in one of their meanings refer to both sexes, the research results underpin the consequences of this usage, revealing the natural/grammatical gender collision, which latently contributes to women’s invisibility in society in general. The findings further suggest that some feminine derivations, which still have not been widely embraced due to the traditional values, and which perhaps sound slightly strange and even a bit humorous, do not depreciate women, and their usage should be endorsed and strongly encouraged.","PeriodicalId":31957,"journal":{"name":"LLT Journal A Journal on Language and Language Teaching","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43909781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Henda Harmantia Dewi, Sibakhul Milad Malik Hidayatulloh, S. Sukarno, Aryanti Eka Lestari, Ifti Luthviana Dewi, D. Ciptaningrum
Need analysis (NA) is one of the initial steps of developing learning materials. In English for Specific Purposes (ESP) context, it is an essential asset to identify learners’ needs and determine the areas they are lacking. Thus far, NA particularly in Communication Science Program (CSP) in Indonesia has not been widely explored. In University Y, the CSP students are lacking English language learning materials. Therefore, this mixed-method study aims to explore the results of NA for developing such materials. The data were gathered through document analysis, lecturer and alumna interviews, along with students’ surveys. The results revealed that students' learning needs focus on the desire to improve their English proficiency, particularly in speaking and grammar, for career orientation. Moreover, the materials should be compiled with text types that support the achievement of the goals e.g., advertisements, reports, narrative and argumentative texts that are more preferrable to be taught through a BL delivery method. These materials should also be actualized in activities that can accommodate three learning styles, namely visual, audio, and kinesthetic, with more emphasis on the first. The implication of these findings will be helpful to create a more effective English class based on the current demands.
{"title":"English Materials Development for an Undergraduate Communication Study Program: A Need Analysis in Indonesian Context","authors":"Henda Harmantia Dewi, Sibakhul Milad Malik Hidayatulloh, S. Sukarno, Aryanti Eka Lestari, Ifti Luthviana Dewi, D. Ciptaningrum","doi":"10.24071/llt.v26i1.5208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v26i1.5208","url":null,"abstract":"Need analysis (NA) is one of the initial steps of developing learning materials. In English for Specific Purposes (ESP) context, it is an essential asset to identify learners’ needs and determine the areas they are lacking. Thus far, NA particularly in Communication Science Program (CSP) in Indonesia has not been widely explored. In University Y, the CSP students are lacking English language learning materials. Therefore, this mixed-method study aims to explore the results of NA for developing such materials. The data were gathered through document analysis, lecturer and alumna interviews, along with students’ surveys. The results revealed that students' learning needs focus on the desire to improve their English proficiency, particularly in speaking and grammar, for career orientation. Moreover, the materials should be compiled with text types that support the achievement of the goals e.g., advertisements, reports, narrative and argumentative texts that are more preferrable to be taught through a BL delivery method. These materials should also be actualized in activities that can accommodate three learning styles, namely visual, audio, and kinesthetic, with more emphasis on the first. The implication of these findings will be helpful to create a more effective English class based on the current demands.","PeriodicalId":31957,"journal":{"name":"LLT Journal A Journal on Language and Language Teaching","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48072689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Teacher talk is one of the essential elements through which learning opportunities for pupils are facilitated. Nevertheless, to the best of the researchers’ knowledge, investigations regarding the ways a native teacher illustrated in a British Sitcom utilizes embodied actions that influence opportunities for learning characterized as classroom interaction competence are found to be limited. Thus, the present study aimed at unfolding the native teacher talk concerning the ways the teacher uses embodied actions along with verbal language to provide learning opportunities illustrated in a British Sitcom. By utilizing a conversation analysis approach, the artifact, namely a British Sitcom entitled Mind Your Language, was scrutinized. The findings revealed several embodied actions involving gesture, facial expression, and gaze accompanying the teacher's talk significantly facilitate and mediate the students’ learning. Also, the skills and systems constitute the most frequently occurring mode whereas the least frequently occurring mode was the classroom context mode. Lastly, the study arrived at conclusions that the use of embodied actions is necessarily required for its significant functions and use for teacher talk that lead to classroom interaction competence.
{"title":"TEACHER TALK IN A BRITISH SITCOM: INSIGHTS FROM EMBODIED ACTIONS TO CLASSROOM INTERACTION COMPETENCE","authors":"Ahmad Sugianto, F. Yusuf","doi":"10.24071/llt.v26i1.5788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v26i1.5788","url":null,"abstract":"Teacher talk is one of the essential elements through which learning opportunities for pupils are facilitated. Nevertheless, to the best of the researchers’ knowledge, investigations regarding the ways a native teacher illustrated in a British Sitcom utilizes embodied actions that influence opportunities for learning characterized as classroom interaction competence are found to be limited. Thus, the present study aimed at unfolding the native teacher talk concerning the ways the teacher uses embodied actions along with verbal language to provide learning opportunities illustrated in a British Sitcom. By utilizing a conversation analysis approach, the artifact, namely a British Sitcom entitled Mind Your Language, was scrutinized. The findings revealed several embodied actions involving gesture, facial expression, and gaze accompanying the teacher's talk significantly facilitate and mediate the students’ learning. Also, the skills and systems constitute the most frequently occurring mode whereas the least frequently occurring mode was the classroom context mode. Lastly, the study arrived at conclusions that the use of embodied actions is necessarily required for its significant functions and use for teacher talk that lead to classroom interaction competence.","PeriodicalId":31957,"journal":{"name":"LLT Journal A Journal on Language and Language Teaching","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41386377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present competence of language learners influences the process, particularly in modifying the input to ensure the exact level of comprehensibility they can manage. It involves the negotiation of meaning (NfM) and form (NfF). Teachers need to pay attention to how frequently both processes occur in classroom interaction and whether the teachers use this situation to enhance students’ language acquisition. Thus, this study aims to seek information concerning the negotiation of meaning and form in the natural classroom setting involving student teachers in a practicum program. To reach the objective of this study, two research questions will address: (1) Do negotiation of meaning and form take place in student-teacher-student interaction in a natural EFL classroom setting? (2) How do the student-teachers use negotiation of meaning and form strategies in the EFL classroom? Mixed method research will be employed by analyzing the utterances and conducting interviews. The analysis of the study reveals that firstly, NfM and NfF are two common occurrences in the student-teacher interaction in the natural EFL classroom under study; secondly, the strategies used by both NfM and NfF covered the negotiation processes with various moves and Long’s (1996) types of signals embracing confirmation check, clarification request, and comprehension check in certain circumstances. Eventually, this study brings profound implications in two areas, namely the design of a teacher training curriculum and the teaching pedagogy.
{"title":"AN ANALYSIS OF THE NEGOTIATION OF MEANING AND FORM IN NATURAL EFL CLASSROOMS: A CASE STUDY AMONG PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS","authors":"P. Kusuma, Christina Eli Indriyani, Tia Xenia","doi":"10.24071/llt.v26i1.4799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.v26i1.4799","url":null,"abstract":"The present competence of language learners influences the process, particularly in modifying the input to ensure the exact level of comprehensibility they can manage. It involves the negotiation of meaning (NfM) and form (NfF). Teachers need to pay attention to how frequently both processes occur in classroom interaction and whether the teachers use this situation to enhance students’ language acquisition. Thus, this study aims to seek information concerning the negotiation of meaning and form in the natural classroom setting involving student teachers in a practicum program. To reach the objective of this study, two research questions will address: (1) Do negotiation of meaning and form take place in student-teacher-student interaction in a natural EFL classroom setting? (2) How do the student-teachers use negotiation of meaning and form strategies in the EFL classroom? Mixed method research will be employed by analyzing the utterances and conducting interviews. The analysis of the study reveals that firstly, NfM and NfF are two common occurrences in the student-teacher interaction in the natural EFL classroom under study; secondly, the strategies used by both NfM and NfF covered the negotiation processes with various moves and Long’s (1996) types of signals embracing confirmation check, clarification request, and comprehension check in certain circumstances. Eventually, this study brings profound implications in two areas, namely the design of a teacher training curriculum and the teaching pedagogy.","PeriodicalId":31957,"journal":{"name":"LLT Journal A Journal on Language and Language Teaching","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44143194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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