Livestock manure is enriched with heavy metals such as copper, zinc, and cadmium due to feed additives and intensive farming practices. Inadequate management can lead to soil accumulation, nutrient cycle disruption, and ecosystem risks. Pyrolysis, as a versatile thermochemical process, simultaneously enables pollutant control, energy recovery, nutrient recycling, and heavy metal stabilization. This review integrates mechanistic insights with sustainability-oriented evaluation, linking thermochemical transformations to agricultural applications and policy frameworks. We examine thermal-induced changes in heavy metal speciation and mobility, highlighting stabilization through encapsulation, complexation, and mineralization, while also critically assessing sequential extraction methods. The synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis and mineral additives are further discussed. By bridging molecular-scale mechanisms with sustainable resource management, this work provides a cross-disciplinary perspective to guide safe biochar reuse, integrated manure management, and broader sustainability goals.
{"title":"Heavy metal transformation in livestock manure (co-)pyrolysis: pathways toward safe biochar and sustainable agriculture","authors":"Fengxiao Zhao , Hongyuan Chen , Danni Li , Dong Liang , Xianhai Zeng , Rui Shan , Haoran Yuan , Yong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Livestock manure is enriched with heavy metals such as copper, zinc, and cadmium due to feed additives and intensive farming practices. Inadequate management can lead to soil accumulation, nutrient cycle disruption, and ecosystem risks. Pyrolysis, as a versatile thermochemical process, simultaneously enables pollutant control, energy recovery, nutrient recycling, and heavy metal stabilization. This review integrates mechanistic insights with sustainability-oriented evaluation, linking thermochemical transformations to agricultural applications and policy frameworks. We examine thermal-induced changes in heavy metal speciation and mobility, highlighting stabilization through encapsulation, complexation, and mineralization, while also critically assessing sequential extraction methods. The synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis and mineral additives are further discussed. By bridging molecular-scale mechanisms with sustainable resource management, this work provides a cross-disciplinary perspective to guide safe biochar reuse, integrated manure management, and broader sustainability goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100284"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2026.100294
Elza Bontempi
{"title":"Toward a modular and integrated approach to lithium-ion battery recycling: from fragmentation to strategic research globalization","authors":"Elza Bontempi","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2026.100294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2026.100294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100294"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146078679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-28DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100287
Sheng Zhao , Yi Wen , Hao Sheng , Junpeng Lou , Chuan Peng , Yu Jiang , Yuqing Tang , Shanpeng Liu , Kai Ouyang
Long–term agricultural amendments are widely employed to enhance soil quality and ecological sustainability. However, their effects on the assembly processes of bacterial sub–communities and on multispecies biofilm development remain poorly understood. In a seven–year field experiment, we investigated the impact of lime (L) and organic fertilizer (OF) amendments on the assembly mechanisms of abundant, moderate, and rare bacterial taxa in paddy soil, as well as on the formation and growth of multispecies biofilms. Our results demonstrated that both amendments significantly increased biofilm biomass, enhancing biofilm thickness by 0.72– to 1.33–fold, and shifted microbial niche adaptation. Assembly processes, assessed via the Normalized Stochasticity Ratio (NST), exhibited contrasting patterns among taxa: for the whole and rare bacterial communities, NST increased from 45.3 % to 68.9 % and from 48.3 % to 71.3 % under OF, and from 44.3 % to 55.7 % and from 47.8 % to 57.2 % under L, indicating a shift from deterministic toward stochastic process. In contrast, moderate taxa showed decreased stochasticity, with NST declining from 70.0 % to 43.2 % under OF and from 77.4 % to 58.3 % under L. Organic fertilization also enhanced soil multifunctionality by 2.37–fold and increased bacterial network complexity by 77 %. Soil pH was identified as the key driver governing both bacterial community assembly and multispecies biofilm growth. These findings provide novel insights into how long–term agricultural amendments modulate biofilm dynamics and bacterial assembly processes in soil ecosystems.
{"title":"Long–term application of agricultural amendments regulate the assembly of different bacterial sub–communities and growth of multi–species biofilms in paddy soils","authors":"Sheng Zhao , Yi Wen , Hao Sheng , Junpeng Lou , Chuan Peng , Yu Jiang , Yuqing Tang , Shanpeng Liu , Kai Ouyang","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long–term agricultural amendments are widely employed to enhance soil quality and ecological sustainability. However, their effects on the assembly processes of bacterial sub–communities and on multispecies biofilm development remain poorly understood. In a seven–year field experiment, we investigated the impact of lime (L) and organic fertilizer (OF) amendments on the assembly mechanisms of abundant, moderate, and rare bacterial taxa in paddy soil, as well as on the formation and growth of multispecies biofilms. Our results demonstrated that both amendments significantly increased biofilm biomass, enhancing biofilm thickness by 0.72– to 1.33–fold, and shifted microbial niche adaptation. Assembly processes, assessed via the Normalized Stochasticity Ratio (NST), exhibited contrasting patterns among taxa: for the whole and rare bacterial communities, NST increased from 45.3 % to 68.9 % and from 48.3 % to 71.3 % under OF, and from 44.3 % to 55.7 % and from 47.8 % to 57.2 % under L, indicating a shift from deterministic toward stochastic process. In contrast, moderate taxa showed decreased stochasticity, with NST declining from 70.0 % to 43.2 % under OF and from 77.4 % to 58.3 % under L. Organic fertilization also enhanced soil multifunctionality by 2.37–fold and increased bacterial network complexity by 77 %. Soil pH was identified as the key driver governing both bacterial community assembly and multispecies biofilm growth. These findings provide novel insights into how long–term agricultural amendments modulate biofilm dynamics and bacterial assembly processes in soil ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145928560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-20DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100272
Luguang Jiang , Ye Liu , Liwen Yang , Huixia Zhao
The climate-adaptive solar energy planning contributes directly to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 13. The juxtaposition of China's leadership in global PV expansion and the escalating climate risks in its coastal regions underscores the importance of aligning PV layout with risk mitigation. This study utilizes Landsat imagery to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of PV distribution in China's coastal regions, and assesses the effect of typhoon disasters to PV. Key findings reveal that by the end of 2023, the total PV area in coastal regions reached approximately 1962.89 km2. Notably, provinces north of the Yangtze River hosted more than twice the PV area of those to the south. Rapid expansion began post-2015, with PV area more than doubling between 2020 and 2023. From a disaster risk perspective, about 20 % of China's coastal land area faces high typhoon risk, with 16 % of existing PV area located in high-risk regions. The East China Sea and South China Sea coasts exhibit the highest concentration of extreme-risk regions. Encouragingly, 82.15 % of recent PV expansion occurred in low-to-medium-risk regions, indicating that current layout strategies already account for typhoon threats. Looking ahead, the Bohai Sea coast, Yellow Sea coast, and coasts near the Nansha Islands present relatively low risk, making them preferable for future offshore PV projects. In contrast, the East and South China Sea coasts remain high-risk regions, necessitating cautious planning for offshore PV development.
{"title":"Spatio-temporal exposure of photovoltaic farms to typhoon disasters for sustainable development in China's Coastal Regions","authors":"Luguang Jiang , Ye Liu , Liwen Yang , Huixia Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The climate-adaptive solar energy planning contributes directly to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 13. The juxtaposition of China's leadership in global PV expansion and the escalating climate risks in its coastal regions underscores the importance of aligning PV layout with risk mitigation. This study utilizes Landsat imagery to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of PV distribution in China's coastal regions, and assesses the effect of typhoon disasters to PV. Key findings reveal that by the end of 2023, the total PV area in coastal regions reached approximately 1962.89 km<sup>2</sup>. Notably, provinces north of the Yangtze River hosted more than twice the PV area of those to the south. Rapid expansion began post-2015, with PV area more than doubling between 2020 and 2023. From a disaster risk perspective, about 20 % of China's coastal land area faces high typhoon risk, with 16 % of existing PV area located in high-risk regions. The East China Sea and South China Sea coasts exhibit the highest concentration of extreme-risk regions. Encouragingly, 82.15 % of recent PV expansion occurred in low-to-medium-risk regions, indicating that current layout strategies already account for typhoon threats. Looking ahead, the Bohai Sea coast, Yellow Sea coast, and coasts near the Nansha Islands present relatively low risk, making them preferable for future offshore PV projects. In contrast, the East and South China Sea coasts remain high-risk regions, necessitating cautious planning for offshore PV development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100265
Huanyu Li , Ning Zhang , Jian Yang , Brilliantika Fusi Nur Rahmasari , Yuhang Du , Lei Wang
Recycled aggregate concrete is prone to significant drying shrinkage, which hinders its broader adoption and the sustainable recycling of construction and demolition waste. This study presents a novel internal curing strategy using activated coconut biochar (10%–30%) and hemp fiber (10–30 mm) to simultaneously address shrinkage and strength deficits. Experimental findings demonstrate that mix-sized biochar improves both the fresh and hardened properties of the concrete when compared to using small or large biochar particles alone. Notably, while the incorporation of biochar reduces fluidity due to water absorption and increased inter-particle friction, both flexural and compressive strengths were enhanced – by up to 34% and 28%, respectively – with increasing biochar content and fiber length, as a result of matrix densification and fiber-bridging effects. The synergy between biochar and hemp fibers facilitates internal curing by lowering the local water–cement ratio during hardening and promoting cement hydration through both internal curing and nucleation effects. Despite a rapid early-stage increase in drying shrinkage, the combined addition of biochar and hemp fiber ultimately achieves a remarkable reduction of up to 96%. Furthermore, increasing biochar dosage and fiber length enhances matrix compactness, substantially reducing water absorption. This, in turn, improves resistance to chloride penetration by obstructing ion transport pathways. Concrete modified with 30% biochar and 30 mm-long hemp fibers demonstrates significant potential for carbon emission reduction, achieving decreases of 4.4 kg CO2 eq./m3/MPa in compressive scenario and 23.8 kg CO2 eq./m3/MPa in flexural scenario. Overall, this study advances the understanding of shrinkage mitigation mechanisms and offers a scalable pathway for the development of high-performance, low-carbon recycled aggregate concrete.
再生骨料混凝土容易出现显著的干燥收缩，这阻碍了其更广泛的采用和建筑和拆除废物的可持续回收。本研究提出了一种新的内部固化策略，使用活性椰子生物炭（10%-30%）和大麻纤维（10-30毫米）同时解决收缩和强度缺陷。实验结果表明，与单独使用小颗粒或大颗粒生物炭相比，混合尺寸的生物炭改善了混凝土的新鲜和硬化性能。值得注意的是，虽然生物炭的掺入由于吸水和颗粒间摩擦的增加而降低了流动性，但由于基质致密化和纤维桥接效应，随着生物炭含量和纤维长度的增加，抗弯和抗压强度分别提高了34%和28%。生物炭和大麻纤维之间的协同作用通过降低硬化过程中局部水灰比促进水泥内部固化，并通过内部固化和成核作用促进水泥水化。尽管在干燥收缩的快速早期阶段增加，生物炭和大麻纤维的组合添加最终实现了显著的减少高达96%。此外，增加生物炭用量和纤维长度可提高基质密实度，大幅降低吸水率。这反过来又通过阻碍离子传输途径提高了对氯离子渗透的抵抗力。30%生物炭和30mm长的大麻纤维改性混凝土具有显著的碳减排潜力，在压缩情况下减少4.4 kg CO2当量/m3/MPa，在弯曲情况下减少23.8 kg CO2当量/m3/MPa。总的来说，这项研究促进了对收缩减缓机制的理解，并为高性能、低碳再生骨料混凝土的发展提供了一条可扩展的途径。
{"title":"From waste to worth: Biochar and hemp fiber synergy for carbon-sequestering and durable recycled aggregate concrete","authors":"Huanyu Li , Ning Zhang , Jian Yang , Brilliantika Fusi Nur Rahmasari , Yuhang Du , Lei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100265","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100265","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recycled aggregate concrete is prone to significant drying shrinkage, which hinders its broader adoption and the sustainable recycling of construction and demolition waste. This study presents a novel internal curing strategy using activated coconut biochar (10%–30%) and hemp fiber (10–30 mm) to simultaneously address shrinkage and strength deficits. Experimental findings demonstrate that mix-sized biochar improves both the fresh and hardened properties of the concrete when compared to using small or large biochar particles alone. Notably, while the incorporation of biochar reduces fluidity due to water absorption and increased inter-particle friction, both flexural and compressive strengths were enhanced – by up to 34% and 28%, respectively – with increasing biochar content and fiber length, as a result of matrix densification and fiber-bridging effects. The synergy between biochar and hemp fibers facilitates internal curing by lowering the local water–cement ratio during hardening and promoting cement hydration through both internal curing and nucleation effects. Despite a rapid early-stage increase in drying shrinkage, the combined addition of biochar and hemp fiber ultimately achieves a remarkable reduction of up to 96%. Furthermore, increasing biochar dosage and fiber length enhances matrix compactness, substantially reducing water absorption. This, in turn, improves resistance to chloride penetration by obstructing ion transport pathways. Concrete modified with 30% biochar and 30 mm-long hemp fibers demonstrates significant potential for carbon emission reduction, achieving decreases of 4.4 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq./m<sup>3</sup>/MPa in compressive scenario and 23.8 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq./m<sup>3</sup>/MPa in flexural scenario. Overall, this study advances the understanding of shrinkage mitigation mechanisms and offers a scalable pathway for the development of high-performance, low-carbon recycled aggregate concrete.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100265"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-10DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100267
Lili Wang , Chongpeng Bi , Jingkai Liu , Chi Ma , Sujiang Zhang , Qingwei Meng , Anshan Shan
Anaerobic fermentation of broccoli waste is constrained by its high moisture content, necessitating co-fermentation with absorbent co-substrates to achieve sustainable feed conversion and reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, this study investigated how various substrates affect broccoli waste fermentation, with a focus on the fermentation profile and bacterial community. Specifically, the fermentation quality, protein content, and bacterial community were evaluated in broccoli waste co-fermented with distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) or cornmeal at dry matter levels of 250–450 g/kg (adjusted by mass ratios). Notably, co-fermentation significantly (P 0.05) decreased the pH value and nonprotein-N and ammonia-N contents and inhibited effluent formation. Co-fermentation with DDGS significantly decreased (P 0.05) the nonprotein-N and ammonia-N contents compared with the cornmeal co-fermentation group. The highest lactic acid content was achieved in the DS5 (83.4% broccoli waste and 16.6% DDGS) group. Additionally, co-fermentation with DDGS decreased the diversity of bacteria and abundance of undesirable microorganisms and increased the abundance of specialist Lactobacillaceae. Notably, Lactobacillus plantarum was the dominant microbial biomarker in the DS5 treatment group. Moreover, co-fermentation reduced the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks but increased their modularity and competing interactions. Co-fermentation upregulated the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic pathways, with the DS5 treatment exhibiting the highest relative abundance of L-lactate dehydrogenase. Leuconostoc and Lactococcus were identified as key bacteria in the DDGS-mediated downregulation of protein hydrolysis and upregulation of lactic acid production, respectively. Conclusively, the DS5 treatment improved the clean recycling of broccoli waste, correlating with optimized endpoint bacterial community properties.
{"title":"Co-fermentation of broccoli waste with distillers dried grains with solubles and cornmeal: Focusing on variations in fermentation profile and bacterial community","authors":"Lili Wang , Chongpeng Bi , Jingkai Liu , Chi Ma , Sujiang Zhang , Qingwei Meng , Anshan Shan","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100267","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100267","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anaerobic fermentation of broccoli waste is constrained by its high moisture content, necessitating co-fermentation with absorbent co-substrates to achieve sustainable feed conversion and reduce environmental pollution. Therefore, this study investigated how various substrates affect broccoli waste fermentation, with a focus on the fermentation profile and bacterial community. Specifically, the fermentation quality, protein content, and bacterial community were evaluated in broccoli waste co-fermented with distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) or cornmeal at dry matter levels of 250–450 g/kg (adjusted by mass ratios). Notably, co-fermentation significantly (<em>P</em> <span><math><mo><</mo></math></span> 0.05) decreased the pH value and nonprotein-N and ammonia-N contents and inhibited effluent formation. Co-fermentation with DDGS significantly decreased (<em>P</em> <span><math><mo><</mo></math></span> 0.05) the nonprotein-N and ammonia-N contents compared with the cornmeal co-fermentation group. The highest lactic acid content was achieved in the DS5 (83.4% broccoli waste and 16.6% DDGS) group. Additionally, co-fermentation with DDGS decreased the diversity of bacteria and abundance of undesirable microorganisms and increased the abundance of specialist Lactobacillaceae. Notably, <em>Lactobacillus plantarum</em> was the dominant microbial biomarker in the DS5 treatment group. Moreover, co-fermentation reduced the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence networks but increased their modularity and competing interactions. Co-fermentation upregulated the carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic pathways, with the DS5 treatment exhibiting the highest relative abundance of L-lactate dehydrogenase. <em>Leuconostoc</em> and <em>Lactococcus</em> were identified as key bacteria in the DDGS-mediated downregulation of protein hydrolysis and upregulation of lactic acid production, respectively. Conclusively, the DS5 treatment improved the clean recycling of broccoli waste, correlating with optimized endpoint bacterial community properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100267"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145424432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-30DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100264
Xiaodong Xin , Linjuan Li , Boyu Lu , Lei Liu , Liguo Zhang , Yue Yang , Wei Li , Qian Liu , Junguo He , Ganfeng He , Sihao Lv , Wangwang Yan , Liwen Luo
Efficient sludge pretreatment methods that minimize reliance on costly chemical or energy inputs have garnered significant attention, as waste-activated sludge (WAS) disposal occupied nearly 50% of operational expenses in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) which displayed a poor sustainability in current practices. In this study, a novel strategy utilizing bio-manufactured hydrolases (primarily protease and -amylase, produced by Aspergillus oryzae based on waste molasses cultivation) was proposed to enhance the solubilization of iron-rich WAS by releasing biodegradable organic matters [a net soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 840 ± 14 mg/L release after 8 h] and disrupting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) via loosing EPS proteins structure and increase hydrophilicity. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production reached a peak level of 4380 ± 24.6 mg COD/L, accompanied by an optimal orthophosphate release of 7.79 ± 0.31 mg/L through fermentation enhanced by such enzymatic pretreatment. Moreover, the relative fraction of P in vivianite, assessed as non-apatite inorganic phosphorous (NAIP), increased by 10.12%. The bio-manufactured hydrolases not only enhanced overall microbial diversity, but also enriched key microbial populations—including hydrolyzing bacteria (e.g. Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria), major acidogens (e.g. Petrimonas, Jeotgalibaca, Proteiniclasticum, and Macellibacteroides), and iron-reducing genera (i.e. Ercella and Desulfovibrio). Furthermore, this strategy upregulated the relative abundance of functional genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, and reduced the competitive interference of Ca ions on soluble phosphorus availability by favoring Fe(II)-P complexation, thereby synergistically enhancing VFAs production and vivianite formation. This study presents an efficient, economically favorable pretreatment strategy to enhance the recovery of carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) from iron-rich WAS, with demonstrating a strong application sustainability.
{"title":"A novel hydrolase biomanufacturing-driven strategy for boosting production of volatile fatty acids and vivianite in iron-rich waste activated sludge fermentation","authors":"Xiaodong Xin , Linjuan Li , Boyu Lu , Lei Liu , Liguo Zhang , Yue Yang , Wei Li , Qian Liu , Junguo He , Ganfeng He , Sihao Lv , Wangwang Yan , Liwen Luo","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient sludge pretreatment methods that minimize reliance on costly chemical or energy inputs have garnered significant attention, as waste-activated sludge (WAS) disposal occupied nearly 50% of operational expenses in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) which displayed a poor sustainability in current practices. In this study, a novel strategy utilizing bio-manufactured hydrolases (primarily protease and <span><math><mi>α</mi></math></span>-amylase, produced by <em>Aspergillus oryzae</em> based on waste molasses cultivation) was proposed to enhance the solubilization of iron-rich WAS by releasing biodegradable organic matters [a net soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 840 ± 14 mg/L release after 8 h] and disrupting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) via loosing EPS proteins structure and increase hydrophilicity. The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production reached a peak level of 4380 ± 24.6 mg COD/L, accompanied by an optimal orthophosphate release of 7.79 ± 0.31 mg/L through fermentation enhanced by such enzymatic pretreatment. Moreover, the relative fraction of P in vivianite, assessed as non-apatite inorganic phosphorous (NAIP), increased by 10.12%. The bio-manufactured hydrolases not only enhanced overall microbial diversity, but also enriched key microbial populations—including hydrolyzing bacteria (e.g. <em>Chloroflexi</em> and <em>Actinobacteria</em>), major acidogens (e.g. <em>Petrimonas</em>, <em>Jeotgalibaca</em>, <em>Proteiniclasticum</em>, and <em>Macellibacteroides</em>), and iron-reducing genera (i.e. <em>Ercella</em> and <em>Desulfovibrio</em>). Furthermore, this strategy upregulated the relative abundance of functional genes related to carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism, and reduced the competitive interference of Ca<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math></span> ions on soluble phosphorus availability by favoring Fe(II)-P complexation, thereby synergistically enhancing VFAs production and vivianite formation. This study presents an efficient, economically favorable pretreatment strategy to enhance the recovery of carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) from iron-rich WAS, with demonstrating a strong application sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145010245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100256
Qingnan Chu , Xiangyu Liu , Detian Li , Shuai Yin , Ping He , Wenjuan Li , Chengrong Chen , Zhimin Sha
Methane (CH4) emissions from aquatic ecosystems, including wetlands, freshwater bodies, and rice paddies, contribute significantly to global warming due to CH4’s high global warming potential. Traditional CH4 mitigation strategies, such as mechanical aeration, sediment capping, and vegetation management, face challenges related to high costs, inefficiency in oxygen delivery, and ecological disturbances. In recent years, interfacial oxygen nanobubbles (IONBs) have emerged as a promising geoengineering solution for reducing CH4 emissions by providing sustained oxygenation in anoxic sediments. Unlike conventional methods, IONBs exhibit high stability, prolonged oxygen retention, and slow, controlled oxygen release, reducing the need for frequent re-application. This sustained oxygenation creates long-lasting aerobic microenvironments that suppress methanogenesis while stimulating methanotrophic CH4 oxidation. Furthermore, IONB-loaded carriers, such as biochars and zeolites, enable targeted oxygenation, improving redox conditions and promoting beneficial microbial shifts. Compared to mechanical aeration, which rapidly dissipates oxygen, or chemical amendments requiring repeated treatments, IONBs provide a low-maintenance, cost-effective alternative with minimal ecological disruption. This review explores the physicochemical properties of IONBs, their mechanisms of action in altering sedimentary biogeochemical processes, and their potential applications in mitigating CH4 flux from different aquatic ecosystems. Despite their potential, challenges remain in optimizing oxygen-loading capacity, assessing long-term ecological impacts, and scaling up production. Future research should focus on refining the oxygen-loading capacity of IONBs, integrating them with existing mitigation approaches, and evaluating their role in global climate policies. As an innovative and sustainable tool, IONBs hold great promise for advancing wetland conservation, reducing agricultural CH4 emissions, and climate change mitigation efforts.
{"title":"Interfacial oxygen nanobubble for mitigating the methane emissions from aquatic ecosystems: A review","authors":"Qingnan Chu , Xiangyu Liu , Detian Li , Shuai Yin , Ping He , Wenjuan Li , Chengrong Chen , Zhimin Sha","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100256","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100256","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) emissions from aquatic ecosystems, including wetlands, freshwater bodies, and rice paddies, contribute significantly to global warming due to CH<sub>4</sub>’s high global warming potential. Traditional CH<sub>4</sub> mitigation strategies, such as mechanical aeration, sediment capping, and vegetation management, face challenges related to high costs, inefficiency in oxygen delivery, and ecological disturbances. In recent years, interfacial oxygen nanobubbles (IONBs) have emerged as a promising geoengineering solution for reducing CH<sub>4</sub> emissions by providing sustained oxygenation in anoxic sediments. Unlike conventional methods, IONBs exhibit high stability, prolonged oxygen retention, and slow, controlled oxygen release, reducing the need for frequent re-application. This sustained oxygenation creates long-lasting aerobic microenvironments that suppress methanogenesis while stimulating methanotrophic CH<sub>4</sub> oxidation. Furthermore, IONB-loaded carriers, such as biochars and zeolites, enable targeted oxygenation, improving redox conditions and promoting beneficial microbial shifts. Compared to mechanical aeration, which rapidly dissipates oxygen, or chemical amendments requiring repeated treatments, IONBs provide a low-maintenance, cost-effective alternative with minimal ecological disruption. This review explores the physicochemical properties of IONBs, their mechanisms of action in altering sedimentary biogeochemical processes, and their potential applications in mitigating CH<sub>4</sub> flux from different aquatic ecosystems. Despite their potential, challenges remain in optimizing oxygen-loading capacity, assessing long-term ecological impacts, and scaling up production. Future research should focus on refining the oxygen-loading capacity of IONBs, integrating them with existing mitigation approaches, and evaluating their role in global climate policies. As an innovative and sustainable tool, IONBs hold great promise for advancing wetland conservation, reducing agricultural CH<sub>4</sub> emissions, and climate change mitigation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100256"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-08-06DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100259
Jia Liu, Wei Gao, Fen Guo, Yuan Zhang, Yanpeng Cai
Anthropogenic nutrient inputs in developing countries have substantially shaped global nutrient balance pattern for the past decades, responsible for the expanding eutrophication and pollutions. The massive alteration of socioeconomic factors and dietary habit make it difficult to identify their specific impacts on nutrient balance. This study utilized the net anthropogenic nitrogen (NANI) and phosphorus (NAPI) inputs models to calculate human induced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs in China from 1949 to 2022, and applied the XGBoost–SHAP algorithm to estimate the driving forces of socio–economic and dietary structure on them. Our findings revealed that both nutrient inputs peaked around 2014–2015 before declining and fertilizer application was the primary contributor (56% for N, 63% for P) from 1949 to 2022. Great variation of NANI and NAPI evolution patten was found in different regions. Eastern and southern provinces (e.g., Henan, Shanghai) had the highest inputs, while western regions (e.g., Tibet) had the lowest, correlating with economic and population density disparities. Spatial clustering highlighted the need for region–specific nutrient management strategies. Dietary shifts showed increased animal–based food consumption (6.89–fold rise) and urban–rural disparities, with developed regions exceeding recommended intake levels. Driving factors for NANI and NAPI differed by regions of different development stage. Urbanization and GDP were dominant drivers in developed areas (Type I), while population was key in less–developed regions (Type II). These findings underscore the importance of tailored policies to address nutrient pollution and dietary impacts, and provide new insights for formulating nutrient mitigation strategies.
{"title":"Revealing long-term dynamics and spatiotemporal drivers of anthropogenic nutrients inputs in China: The effects of dietary and socioeconomic factors","authors":"Jia Liu, Wei Gao, Fen Guo, Yuan Zhang, Yanpeng Cai","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100259","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100259","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic nutrient inputs in developing countries have substantially shaped global nutrient balance pattern for the past decades, responsible for the expanding eutrophication and pollutions. The massive alteration of socioeconomic factors and dietary habit make it difficult to identify their specific impacts on nutrient balance. This study utilized the net anthropogenic nitrogen (NANI) and phosphorus (NAPI) inputs models to calculate human induced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) inputs in China from 1949 to 2022, and applied the XGBoost–SHAP algorithm to estimate the driving forces of socio–economic and dietary structure on them. Our findings revealed that both nutrient inputs peaked around 2014–2015 before declining and fertilizer application was the primary contributor (56% for N, 63% for P) from 1949 to 2022. Great variation of NANI and NAPI evolution patten was found in different regions. Eastern and southern provinces (e.g., Henan, Shanghai) had the highest inputs, while western regions (e.g., Tibet) had the lowest, correlating with economic and population density disparities. Spatial clustering highlighted the need for region–specific nutrient management strategies. Dietary shifts showed increased animal–based food consumption (6.89–fold rise) and urban–rural disparities, with developed regions exceeding recommended intake levels. Driving factors for NANI and NAPI differed by regions of different development stage. Urbanization and GDP were dominant drivers in developed areas (Type I), while population was key in less–developed regions (Type II). These findings underscore the importance of tailored policies to address nutrient pollution and dietary impacts, and provide new insights for formulating nutrient mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100259"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-01Epub Date: 2025-09-16DOI: 10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100269
Hao Chen , Weihua Su , Song Wu , Yunfei Yu , Dengjun Wang , Qinglong Fu , Yujun Wang , Dongmei Zhou , Shenqiang Wang , Yu Wang
Manure fertilizer, as high P source, is widely used to enhance soil P availability, achieving organic waste recycling and sustainable agriculture. However, the excessive application of manure fertilizer poses risks of P loss. Herein, we address this critical challenge through a 25-year in-situ field experiment combined with a 60-days anaerobic incubation experiments, exploring the vital roles of iron (Fe) and organic carbon (OC) in regulating P transformation. Our in-situ field results reveal that prolonged manure fertilizer inputs resulted in the decoupling of the Fe dissolution and inorganic P (Pi) release in paddy soil. Under the further anoxic incubations, the results showed both chemical fertilizer (CF) and manure fertilizer (pig manure, CPM) lifted the Pi concentration due to dissimilatory Fe reduction, but through different mechanisms. In CF treatment, the increased P mainly derived from the release of Fe-bound Pi (Fe-Pi). CPM enhanced the Fe transformation from crystalline to amorphous, resulting in 18.8 % loss of Fe-bound OC, this resulted in the coupled Fe-bound organic P (Fe-Po) decreased from 455.4 to 7.9 mg kg−1, ultimately leading to a sharp increase in labile P from 177.2 to 353.4 mg kg−1. Notably, Fe-bound lipids and proteins were more prone to microbial degradation, accelerating the breakdown of organic matter and enhancing P mobilization. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of Fe-OC interactions in controlling P release and provide critical insights for developing more effective strategies to optimize P management in sustainable agricultural practices.
粪肥作为高磷源，被广泛用于提高土壤磷素有效性，实现有机废物循环利用和农业可持续发展。然而，过量施用有机肥会造成磷流失的风险。在此，我们通过25年的现场实验结合60天的厌氧培养实验来解决这一关键挑战，探索铁（Fe）和有机碳（OC）在调节P转化中的重要作用。结果表明，长期施用有机肥导致水稻土中铁的溶解与无机磷的释放解耦。结果表明，在进一步的缺氧培养条件下，化肥（CF）和粪肥（猪粪，CPM）均通过异化铁还原作用提高了磷浓度，但作用机制不同。在CF处理下，磷的增加主要来源于Fe-Pi （Fe-Pi）的释放。CPM促进了Fe从晶态到非晶态的转变，导致铁结合OC损失18.8%，这导致耦合铁结合有机P （Fe- po）从455.4下降到7.9 mg kg - 1，最终导致不稳定P从177.2急剧增加到353.4 mg kg - 1。值得注意的是，铁结合的脂质和蛋白质更容易被微生物降解，加速了有机物的分解，增强了磷的动员。我们的研究结果强调了Fe-OC相互作用在控制磷释放中的关键作用，并为制定更有效的策略来优化可持续农业实践中的磷管理提供了重要见解。
{"title":"Iron-organic carbon coupling controls phosphorus transformation and release in decades manure-enriched paddy soil","authors":"Hao Chen , Weihua Su , Song Wu , Yunfei Yu , Dengjun Wang , Qinglong Fu , Yujun Wang , Dongmei Zhou , Shenqiang Wang , Yu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.resenv.2025.100269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Manure fertilizer, as high P source, is widely used to enhance soil P availability, achieving organic waste recycling and sustainable agriculture. However, the excessive application of manure fertilizer poses risks of P loss. Herein, we address this critical challenge through a 25-year <em>in-situ</em> field experiment combined with a 60-days anaerobic incubation experiments, exploring the vital roles of iron (Fe) and organic carbon (OC) in regulating P transformation. Our <em>in-situ</em> field results reveal that prolonged manure fertilizer inputs resulted in the decoupling of the Fe dissolution and inorganic P (P<sub>i</sub>) release in paddy soil. Under the further anoxic incubations, the results showed both chemical fertilizer (CF) and manure fertilizer (pig manure, CPM) lifted the P<sub>i</sub> concentration due to dissimilatory Fe reduction, but through different mechanisms. In CF treatment, the increased P mainly derived from the release of Fe-bound P<sub>i</sub> (Fe-P<sub>i</sub>). CPM enhanced the Fe transformation from crystalline to amorphous, resulting in 18.8 % loss of Fe-bound OC, this resulted in the coupled Fe-bound organic P (Fe-P<sub>o</sub>) decreased from 455.4 to 7.9 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>, ultimately leading to a sharp increase in labile P from 177.2 to 353.4 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. Notably, Fe-bound lipids and proteins were more prone to microbial degradation, accelerating the breakdown of organic matter and enhancing P mobilization. Our findings underscore the pivotal role of Fe-OC interactions in controlling P release and provide critical insights for developing more effective strategies to optimize P management in sustainable agricultural practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":34479,"journal":{"name":"Resources Environment and Sustainability","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100269"},"PeriodicalIF":7.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145226850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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