Vasculitis is a great therapeutic challenge. Currently, no effective treatments are available. Although biologics are emerging as new therapeutic alternatives, steroids remain the mainstay of the treatment. Similar to other immune-mediated diseases, refractory vasculitis seems to be a potential target of both bone marrow and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Preliminary data show stem cell-based therapies are effective for several types of vasculitis that are steroid-refractory. However, clinical data are sparse due to the limited number of patients. More studies are needed to confirm the preliminary results. In addition, optimization of the therapeutical regimens of stem cell transplantation is necessary in future.
{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cell and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for vasculitis","authors":"Lianming Liao","doi":"10.4103/vit.vit_20_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/vit.vit_20_20","url":null,"abstract":"Vasculitis is a great therapeutic challenge. Currently, no effective treatments are available. Although biologics are emerging as new therapeutic alternatives, steroids remain the mainstay of the treatment. Similar to other immune-mediated diseases, refractory vasculitis seems to be a potential target of both bone marrow and mesenchymal stem cell transplantation. Preliminary data show stem cell-based therapies are effective for several types of vasculitis that are steroid-refractory. However, clinical data are sparse due to the limited number of patients. More studies are needed to confirm the preliminary results. In addition, optimization of the therapeutical regimens of stem cell transplantation is necessary in future.","PeriodicalId":34849,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Investigation and Therapy","volume":"1 1","pages":"88 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85124546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Different outcome measures have been used in the last 10–15 years with the publications of some major randomized controlled trials which compared different methods of catheter-directed thrombolysis with anticoagulation in patients with iliofemoral deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). This review addresses the Villalta scale, the Venous Clinical Severity Score, Euro Quality of Life (QOL)-Five Dimensions, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and VEnous INsufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study on QOL (VEINES-QOL)/symptoms questionnaire as tools for assessing the postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Patency has also been a part of the results in some trials, although it may be considered as a pseudo end point by some. The newly revised Clinical-Etiologic-Anatomic-Pathophysiologic classification is mentioned as well. It appears that none of the available outcome measures can answer all the questions. The Villalta scale is still the most used outcome measure for PTS after endovenous thrombolysis of iliofemoral DVT. It can be supplemented with the VSCC to differentiate the more severe cases. The generic part of QOL score seems to be useless in assessing changes in PTS, whereas the VEINES scores are useful. More attention should, however, be addressed to report on patency. The better the patency, the better the outcome in PTS. The reason for high rates of PTS can in many cases be the result of poor patency at baseline due to inadequate technical results. Future focus should be on improved patient selection and optimization of treatment strategies.
{"title":"The value of outcome measures after endovenous iliofemoral thrombolysis in the big trials","authors":"N. Bækgaard","doi":"10.4103/vit.vit_14_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/vit.vit_14_20","url":null,"abstract":"Different outcome measures have been used in the last 10–15 years with the publications of some major randomized controlled trials which compared different methods of catheter-directed thrombolysis with anticoagulation in patients with iliofemoral deep-vein thrombosis (DVT). This review addresses the Villalta scale, the Venous Clinical Severity Score, Euro Quality of Life (QOL)-Five Dimensions, the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), and VEnous INsufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study on QOL (VEINES-QOL)/symptoms questionnaire as tools for assessing the postthrombotic syndrome (PTS). Patency has also been a part of the results in some trials, although it may be considered as a pseudo end point by some. The newly revised Clinical-Etiologic-Anatomic-Pathophysiologic classification is mentioned as well. It appears that none of the available outcome measures can answer all the questions. The Villalta scale is still the most used outcome measure for PTS after endovenous thrombolysis of iliofemoral DVT. It can be supplemented with the VSCC to differentiate the more severe cases. The generic part of QOL score seems to be useless in assessing changes in PTS, whereas the VEINES scores are useful. More attention should, however, be addressed to report on patency. The better the patency, the better the outcome in PTS. The reason for high rates of PTS can in many cases be the result of poor patency at baseline due to inadequate technical results. Future focus should be on improved patient selection and optimization of treatment strategies.","PeriodicalId":34849,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Investigation and Therapy","volume":"209 1","pages":"82 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88058690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yang Li, Jian-ming Guo, Y. Tong, Lianrui Guo, L. Qi, Z. Tong, S. Cui, Sheng-jia Yang, Yi-xia Qi, Liang Meng, Yongquan Gu
OBJECTIVE: To examine the difference in safety and effectiveness of directional atherectomy (DA) and plain balloon angioplasty with adjunctive stenting (BA-STENT) in the treatment of de novo femoropopliteal artery occlusive lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, randomized trial of DA versus BA-STENT in femoropopliteal arteries was carried out in a single medical center. Demographic data, procedural characteristics, and follow-up information were recorded. The technical, procedural, and clinical outcomes were reported. The primary endpoint was the primary stenosis-free patency rate at 12 and 18 months after the intervention. The secondary endpoints included the rates of technical success, freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR), limb amputation, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 188 patients were included in this study. The DA group consisted of 89 (47.3%) patients, and the BA-STENT group consisted of 99 (52.7%) patients. There were 134 males and 54 females with an average age of 68 years, all of which had lesions of Rutherford Grade 2 and above. There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, smoking, or comorbidities between two groups. The technical success rates were 98.9% in the DA group and 100% in the BA-STENT group (P = 0.47). There was no statistically significant difference in primary stenosis-free patency (90.0% vs. 90.6% at 6 months, 76.7% vs. 77.8% at 12 months, and 72.3% vs. 68.9% at 18 months after the intervention) or freedom from TLR (96.3% vs. 95.8% at 6 months, 88.3% vs. 91.6% at 12 months, and 86.1% vs. 85.4% at 18 months after the procedure) between the DA and the BA-STENT groups. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of distal embolization, thrombosis, and mortality between two groups. No patient underwent major amputation. CONCLUSION: For the treatment of de novo Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II A-C femoropopliteal artery lesions, DA demonstrated comparable results with the plain balloon angioplasty with adjunctive stenting.
目的:探讨定向动脉粥样硬化切除术(DA)与普通球囊血管成形术联合辅助支架(BA-STENT)治疗新发股腘动脉闭塞病变的安全性和有效性差异。材料和方法:这项前瞻性的、随机的DA与BA-STENT在股腘动脉内的试验是在一个医学中心进行的。记录人口统计数据、程序特征和随访信息。报告了技术、程序和临床结果。主要终点是干预后12个月和18个月的原发性无狭窄通畅率。次要终点包括技术成功率、免于临床驱动的靶病变血运重建术(TLR)、截肢和全因死亡率。结果:本研究共纳入188例患者。DA组89例(47.3%)，BA-STENT组99例(52.7%)。男性134例，女性54例，平均年龄68岁，均为Rutherford 2级及以上病变。两组患者在年龄、性别、是否吸烟或合并症方面无统计学差异。DA组技术成功率为98.9%，BA-STENT组技术成功率为100% (P = 0.47)。DA组和BA-STENT组在原发性无狭窄性通畅(6个月时90.0% vs 90.6%， 12个月时76.7% vs 77.8%，干预后18个月时72.3% vs 68.9%)或TLR自由度(6个月时96.3% vs 95.8%， 12个月时88.3% vs 91.6%，术后18个月时86.1% vs 85.4%)方面无统计学差异。两组在远端栓塞、血栓形成和死亡率方面无统计学差异。没有患者接受大截肢。结论:对于新生跨大西洋跨社会共识(TASC) II型A-C股腘动脉病变，DA的治疗效果与普通球囊血管成形术合并辅助支架置入相当。
{"title":"Midterm outcome of directional atherectomy versus plain balloon angioplasty with adjunctive stenting for femoropopliteal artery lesions: A single-center experience","authors":"Yang Li, Jian-ming Guo, Y. Tong, Lianrui Guo, L. Qi, Z. Tong, S. Cui, Sheng-jia Yang, Yi-xia Qi, Liang Meng, Yongquan Gu","doi":"10.4103/vit.vit_9_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/vit.vit_9_20","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVE: To examine the difference in safety and effectiveness of directional atherectomy (DA) and plain balloon angioplasty with adjunctive stenting (BA-STENT) in the treatment of de novo femoropopliteal artery occlusive lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This prospective, randomized trial of DA versus BA-STENT in femoropopliteal arteries was carried out in a single medical center. Demographic data, procedural characteristics, and follow-up information were recorded. The technical, procedural, and clinical outcomes were reported. The primary endpoint was the primary stenosis-free patency rate at 12 and 18 months after the intervention. The secondary endpoints included the rates of technical success, freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR), limb amputation, and all-cause mortality. RESULTS: A total of 188 patients were included in this study. The DA group consisted of 89 (47.3%) patients, and the BA-STENT group consisted of 99 (52.7%) patients. There were 134 males and 54 females with an average age of 68 years, all of which had lesions of Rutherford Grade 2 and above. There was no statistically significant difference in age, gender, smoking, or comorbidities between two groups. The technical success rates were 98.9% in the DA group and 100% in the BA-STENT group (P = 0.47). There was no statistically significant difference in primary stenosis-free patency (90.0% vs. 90.6% at 6 months, 76.7% vs. 77.8% at 12 months, and 72.3% vs. 68.9% at 18 months after the intervention) or freedom from TLR (96.3% vs. 95.8% at 6 months, 88.3% vs. 91.6% at 12 months, and 86.1% vs. 85.4% at 18 months after the procedure) between the DA and the BA-STENT groups. There was no statistically significant difference in terms of distal embolization, thrombosis, and mortality between two groups. No patient underwent major amputation. CONCLUSION: For the treatment of de novo Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) II A-C femoropopliteal artery lesions, DA demonstrated comparable results with the plain balloon angioplasty with adjunctive stenting.","PeriodicalId":34849,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Investigation and Therapy","volume":"274 1","pages":"33 - 39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79643459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chinese guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of diabetic foot","authors":"Yongquan Gu","doi":"10.4103/vit.vit_10_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/vit.vit_10_20","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":34849,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Investigation and Therapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"58 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88559517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is a narrative review of the relevant literature on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients. In accordance with actual guidelines, the duration of anticoagulant therapy for cancer-associated venous thrombosis should be at least 6 months. The use of Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is associated with an increased risk of VTE recurrence and bleeding, so low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), in particular dalteparin, has been the “gold standard” until recently. Compared to VKA, prolonged use of LMWH can reduce the incidence of VTE recurrence without affecting the risk of bleeding or death. The main disadvantage of LMWH is low compliance, leading to premature discontinuation of treatment or switching to alternative anticoagulants. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have changed the situation. Compared to VKA, they demonstrated increased efficacy with similar or improved safety in patients with cancer-related VTE. Recently, the results of specialized studies comparing the use of DOACs to the use of dalteparin in cancer patients have been published: SELECT-D (rivaroxaban), HOKUSAI-VTE Cancer (edoxaban), ADAM VTE (apixaban), and CARAVAGGIO (apixaban). Rivaroxaban showed higher efficacy than dalteparin with a similar risk of major bleeding, but with an increased risk of clinically relevant nonmajor (CRNM) bleeding. Edoxaban had the same efficacy as dalteparin, though it showed an increased risk of major but not CRNM bleeding. Apixaban showed similar efficacy and safety as dalteparin in the CARAVAGGIO study, but did not provide higher safety in the ADAM VTE study. It was noted that gastrointestinal and urogenital bleeding dominated the structure of hemorrhagic complications of DOACs. The results of published trials are reflected in the current guidelines of the specialized societies. DOACs are recommended for VTE treatment in cancer patients.
{"title":"Direct oral anticoagulants in cancer-associated venous thromboembolism","authors":"K. Lobastov, I. Schastlivtsev, I. Kanzafarova","doi":"10.4103/vit.vit_11_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/vit.vit_11_20","url":null,"abstract":"This is a narrative review of the relevant literature on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients. In accordance with actual guidelines, the duration of anticoagulant therapy for cancer-associated venous thrombosis should be at least 6 months. The use of Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) is associated with an increased risk of VTE recurrence and bleeding, so low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), in particular dalteparin, has been the “gold standard” until recently. Compared to VKA, prolonged use of LMWH can reduce the incidence of VTE recurrence without affecting the risk of bleeding or death. The main disadvantage of LMWH is low compliance, leading to premature discontinuation of treatment or switching to alternative anticoagulants. Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have changed the situation. Compared to VKA, they demonstrated increased efficacy with similar or improved safety in patients with cancer-related VTE. Recently, the results of specialized studies comparing the use of DOACs to the use of dalteparin in cancer patients have been published: SELECT-D (rivaroxaban), HOKUSAI-VTE Cancer (edoxaban), ADAM VTE (apixaban), and CARAVAGGIO (apixaban). Rivaroxaban showed higher efficacy than dalteparin with a similar risk of major bleeding, but with an increased risk of clinically relevant nonmajor (CRNM) bleeding. Edoxaban had the same efficacy as dalteparin, though it showed an increased risk of major but not CRNM bleeding. Apixaban showed similar efficacy and safety as dalteparin in the CARAVAGGIO study, but did not provide higher safety in the ADAM VTE study. It was noted that gastrointestinal and urogenital bleeding dominated the structure of hemorrhagic complications of DOACs. The results of published trials are reflected in the current guidelines of the specialized societies. DOACs are recommended for VTE treatment in cancer patients.","PeriodicalId":34849,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Investigation and Therapy","volume":"8 1","pages":"46 - 53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72843582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Zegar, J. Hersant, O. Rouvière, A. Bruneau, P. Ramondou, P. Feugier, P. Abraham
BACKGROUND: Measurement of ankle and brachial blood pressure after maximal exercise is largely used to diagnose exercise-induced arterial endofibrosis (EIAE). AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the different available methods and combination of these and propose a method based on graphical interpretation, for the diagnosis of EIAE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Finally, we propose a discriminant analysis, allowing an easy graphical interpretation of data. We studied 52 patients with EIAE and 156 asymptomatic controls. RESULTS: Diagnosis accuracy for EIAE was at best 90.9% when using preexisting diagnostic thresholds alone. A combination of these thresholds increased the diagnostic accuracy up to 95.7%. A discriminant analysis equation with a 96.6% accuracy rate was inferred from a simplified algorithm. CONCLUSION: Our graphical representation is an accurate, simple, fast, and inexpensive manner for analyzing the results of exercise arterial pressures for detecting EIAE in athletes.
{"title":"Ankle and arm pressure recordings for the diagnosis of exercise-induced arterial endofibrosis","authors":"G. Zegar, J. Hersant, O. Rouvière, A. Bruneau, P. Ramondou, P. Feugier, P. Abraham","doi":"10.4103/vit.vit_13_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/vit.vit_13_20","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Measurement of ankle and brachial blood pressure after maximal exercise is largely used to diagnose exercise-induced arterial endofibrosis (EIAE). AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: We aimed to compare the different available methods and combination of these and propose a method based on graphical interpretation, for the diagnosis of EIAE. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Finally, we propose a discriminant analysis, allowing an easy graphical interpretation of data. We studied 52 patients with EIAE and 156 asymptomatic controls. RESULTS: Diagnosis accuracy for EIAE was at best 90.9% when using preexisting diagnostic thresholds alone. A combination of these thresholds increased the diagnostic accuracy up to 95.7%. A discriminant analysis equation with a 96.6% accuracy rate was inferred from a simplified algorithm. CONCLUSION: Our graphical representation is an accurate, simple, fast, and inexpensive manner for analyzing the results of exercise arterial pressures for detecting EIAE in athletes.","PeriodicalId":34849,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Investigation and Therapy","volume":"42 1","pages":"40 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84664475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Bilancini, C. Allegra, P. Bonadeo, G. Failla, G. Guarnera, G. Leonardo, M. Lucchi, P. Mollo, Pio Nicosia, G. Trevisan
Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a violent multiorgan inflammation which activates coagulation, thereby inducing arterial and venous thrombosis. In particular, it leads to thrombi of the microcirculation in a variety of organs and apparatus. Compelling data have confirmed this hypothesis and studies that demonstrate how coagulation parameters, such as D-dimer and fibrinogen, might provide important prognostic evidence. On reviewing the relevant literature available to date, the authors have set out to express their opinion as to the need not to underestimate the thrombotic component of COVID-19 at all levels (arterial, venous, and microcirculatory).
{"title":"Coronavirus disease-2019 and its macro- and microvascular implications: The Italian Microcirculation Society's analyses","authors":"S. Bilancini, C. Allegra, P. Bonadeo, G. Failla, G. Guarnera, G. Leonardo, M. Lucchi, P. Mollo, Pio Nicosia, G. Trevisan","doi":"10.4103/vit.vit_12_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/vit.vit_12_20","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a violent multiorgan inflammation which activates coagulation, thereby inducing arterial and venous thrombosis. In particular, it leads to thrombi of the microcirculation in a variety of organs and apparatus. Compelling data have confirmed this hypothesis and studies that demonstrate how coagulation parameters, such as D-dimer and fibrinogen, might provide important prognostic evidence. On reviewing the relevant literature available to date, the authors have set out to express their opinion as to the need not to underestimate the thrombotic component of COVID-19 at all levels (arterial, venous, and microcirculatory).","PeriodicalId":34849,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Investigation and Therapy","volume":"65 5 1","pages":"54 - 57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77886769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiajia Zheng, Hu Zhang, Jianming Guo, Fangfang Dou, Jiulin Chen, Zhihua Yu, Chuan Chen, Te Liu
Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by lipid accumulation, apoptosis and necrosis, smooth muscle cell proliferation and local inflammation. Polygonum multiflorum & Codonopsis pilosula Granule (PmCp Granule), akidney-tonifying compound used in Chinese medicine, has been used for the clinical treatment of atherosclerosis for the past 10 years and exhibits good therapeutic effects. Aims and Objectives: We want to prove that PmCp Granule inhibits the expression of the DAB2IP-ASK1 pathway in vascular endothelial cells, thereby alleviating the development of atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: Blood lipid biochemical test and histopathology H&E staining were used to determine the efficacy of the PmCp Granule. qPCR and western blot were used to determine the expression of DAB2IP-ASK1 pathway. Results: The results of pathology assay showed that the plaque area, volume fraction of collagen fibers and lipid area in the aortic root was markedly reduced in the PmCp Granule group compared with the Saline group. Besides, the peripheral blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were statistically significantly increased, whereas the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was statistically significantly decreased in the PmCp Granule group in comparison to the control group. Finally, the results of western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of the proteins related to the DAB2IP-ASK1 pathway were significantly lower in the vascular endothelial cells of PmCp Granule group compared to control group. Conclusion: the present study demonstrated that PmCp Granule significantly alleviated the development of atherosclerosis in mice. The main mechanism of action of PmCp Granule involved the inhibition of the expression of the DAB2IP-ASK1 pathway in vascular endothelial cells.
{"title":"Polygonum multiflorum and Codonopsis pilosula granule alleviates atherosclerosis by inhibiting the expression of DAB2IP-ASK1 pathway in vascular endothelial cells","authors":"Jiajia Zheng, Hu Zhang, Jianming Guo, Fangfang Dou, Jiulin Chen, Zhihua Yu, Chuan Chen, Te Liu","doi":"10.4103/vit.vit_5_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/vit.vit_5_20","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease characterized by lipid accumulation, apoptosis and necrosis, smooth muscle cell proliferation and local inflammation. Polygonum multiflorum & Codonopsis pilosula Granule (PmCp Granule), akidney-tonifying compound used in Chinese medicine, has been used for the clinical treatment of atherosclerosis for the past 10 years and exhibits good therapeutic effects. Aims and Objectives: We want to prove that PmCp Granule inhibits the expression of the DAB2IP-ASK1 pathway in vascular endothelial cells, thereby alleviating the development of atherosclerosis. Materials and Methods: Blood lipid biochemical test and histopathology H&E staining were used to determine the efficacy of the PmCp Granule. qPCR and western blot were used to determine the expression of DAB2IP-ASK1 pathway. Results: The results of pathology assay showed that the plaque area, volume fraction of collagen fibers and lipid area in the aortic root was markedly reduced in the PmCp Granule group compared with the Saline group. Besides, the peripheral blood levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were statistically significantly increased, whereas the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was statistically significantly decreased in the PmCp Granule group in comparison to the control group. Finally, the results of western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of the proteins related to the DAB2IP-ASK1 pathway were significantly lower in the vascular endothelial cells of PmCp Granule group compared to control group. Conclusion: the present study demonstrated that PmCp Granule significantly alleviated the development of atherosclerosis in mice. The main mechanism of action of PmCp Granule involved the inhibition of the expression of the DAB2IP-ASK1 pathway in vascular endothelial cells.","PeriodicalId":34849,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Investigation and Therapy","volume":"73 1","pages":"6 - 14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90341904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the advanced stage of peripheral artery diseases and is characterized by limb pain. Current available treatments for CLI include pharmacological agents, bypass surgery, and endovascular therapy. When these conventional therapies fail, some patients may eventually suffer from amputation because of long-term blood flow insufficiency to the affected extremity. Novel therapeutic approaches are emergently needed. At present, proangiogenic gene/protein therapies and stem cell-based proangiogenic therapies have been proposed, and the promising results have been reported. Gene-modified stem cells and pretreated stem cells have been evaluated in the animal models. Proper bioscaffolds are also used to increase the survival and engraftment of delivered stem cells. Here, we address the current situation of stem cell research for CLI in China.
{"title":"Cell therapy of critical limb ischemia: A review of preclinical and clinical research in China","authors":"Lianming Liao","doi":"10.4103/vit.vit_7_20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/vit.vit_7_20","url":null,"abstract":"Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the advanced stage of peripheral artery diseases and is characterized by limb pain. Current available treatments for CLI include pharmacological agents, bypass surgery, and endovascular therapy. When these conventional therapies fail, some patients may eventually suffer from amputation because of long-term blood flow insufficiency to the affected extremity. Novel therapeutic approaches are emergently needed. At present, proangiogenic gene/protein therapies and stem cell-based proangiogenic therapies have been proposed, and the promising results have been reported. Gene-modified stem cells and pretreated stem cells have been evaluated in the animal models. Proper bioscaffolds are also used to increase the survival and engraftment of delivered stem cells. Here, we address the current situation of stem cell research for CLI in China.","PeriodicalId":34849,"journal":{"name":"Vascular Investigation and Therapy","volume":"17 1","pages":"21 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79468228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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