Trees, Forests and People最新文献_第10页

Evaluating non-timber forest product dependence of peri-urban households in a payment for ecosystem service scheme in durban, South Africa 评价南非德班生态系统服务付费方案中城郊家庭对非木材林产品的依赖

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101128

Karabo Donald Munonde , Edilegnaw Wale Zegeye

Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are important for livelihoods. NTFP dependence can lead to deforestation and exacerbate land degradation. Therefore, Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes, such as the Buffelsdraai Landfill Site Community Reforestation project, initiated as part of landfil restoration and climate change mitigation, become important tools for encouraging communities to adopt land-use practices that improve forest ecosystem services while safeguarding their livelihoods. Most studies have focused on NTFP dependence in a rural context, while few have examined the peri‑urban setting in South Africa. Even fewer studies have captured NTFP dependence through actual household subsistence behaviour with NTFPs, rather than using income data, particularly how psychological and social capital constructs and worldviews shape NTFP dependence. Hence, this study investigates how socio-economic, cultural worldviews, and psychological and social capital affect NTFP dependence of peri‑urban households in Durban, South Africa. Regression estimates indicate that NTFP dependence increases with the presence of more adults, a better agricultural endowment, access to electricity, and strong social networks. Meanwhile, well-endowed, fatalistic, and egalitarian households are less dependent on NTFPs. Larger households need to be supported in diversifying their livelihoods by starting home food gardens, cultivating economically viable NTFP crop species that can be linked to markets. It is recommended that technical skills training be offered to reduce livelihood dependence on NTFPs. Future studies can assess NTFP dependence by comparing rural and peri‑urban areas to understand how rapid urbanisation shapes it.

非木材林产品对生计至关重要。对非森林保护植物的依赖可能导致森林砍伐并加剧土地退化。因此，生态系统服务付费（PES）计划，如作为垃圾填埋场恢复和减缓气候变化的一部分而启动的Buffelsdraai垃圾填埋场社区再造林项目，成为鼓励社区采用土地利用做法的重要工具，这些做法既能改善森林生态系统服务，又能保障其生计。大多数研究都集中在农村环境下对非森林食物的依赖，而很少研究南非的城市周边环境。甚至更少的研究是通过实际的家庭生存行为来捕获非NTFP依赖，而不是使用收入数据，特别是心理和社会资本构建以及世界观如何塑造非NTFP依赖。因此，本研究调查了社会经济、文化世界观、心理和社会资本如何影响南非德班城郊家庭对非NTFP的依赖。回归估计表明，随着成年人数量的增加、农业禀赋的改善、电力的获取和强大的社会网络，对非森林食物的依赖会增加。与此同时，禀赋良好、宿命论和平等主义的家庭对非森林保护计划的依赖程度较低。需要通过开办家庭菜园，培育经济上可行的非热带植物保护作物品种，并将其与市场联系起来，支持大户家庭实现生计多样化。建议提供技术技能培训，以减少生计对非森林覆盖食品的依赖。未来的研究可以通过比较农村和城郊地区来评估对非森林食物的依赖，以了解快速城市化如何影响非森林食物的依赖。

{"title":"Evaluating non-timber forest product dependence of peri-urban households in a payment for ecosystem service scheme in durban, South Africa","authors":"Karabo Donald Munonde , Edilegnaw Wale Zegeye","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101128","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101128","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Non-timber forest products (NTFPs) are important for livelihoods. NTFP dependence can lead to deforestation and exacerbate land degradation. Therefore, Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes, such as the Buffelsdraai Landfill Site Community Reforestation project, initiated as part of landfil restoration and climate change mitigation, become important tools for encouraging communities to adopt land-use practices that improve forest ecosystem services while safeguarding their livelihoods. Most studies have focused on NTFP dependence in a rural context, while few have examined the peri‑urban setting in South Africa. Even fewer studies have captured NTFP dependence through actual household subsistence behaviour with NTFPs, rather than using income data, particularly how psychological and social capital constructs and worldviews shape NTFP dependence. Hence, this study investigates how socio-economic, cultural worldviews, and psychological and social capital affect NTFP dependence of peri‑urban households in Durban, South Africa. Regression estimates indicate that NTFP dependence increases with the presence of more adults, a better agricultural endowment, access to electricity, and strong social networks. Meanwhile, well-endowed, fatalistic, and egalitarian households are less dependent on NTFPs. Larger households need to be supported in diversifying their livelihoods by starting home food gardens, cultivating economically viable NTFP crop species that can be linked to markets. It is recommended that technical skills training be offered to reduce livelihood dependence on NTFPs. Future studies can assess NTFP dependence by comparing rural and peri‑urban areas to understand how rapid urbanisation shapes it.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101128"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seasonal natural pruning and branch growth dynamics in young Betula alnoides: Effects of planting density and crown layer 白桦幼树季节自然修剪和枝生长动态：种植密度和冠层的影响

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101157

Chunsheng Wang , Sebastian Hein , Kaili Liu , Junjie Guo , Huan Wang , Jie Zeng

Branch development is critical for tree growth and timber quality, and has received considerable research attention in recent decades. Although competition strongly influences branch morphology, the seasonal dynamic response of branch development to planting density across different crown layers remains poorly understood. To address this, a two-year field study was conducted since April 2017 in a five-year-old spacing trial plantation of Betula alnoides in southern China, with planting densities ranging from 625 to 2500 stems per hectare (sph). Over the study period, the size and status of 1885 branches distributed across various crown layers (from 1-2 m to 5-6 m in height) were periodically monitored in situ on 54 dominant or co-dominant trees. Apical branch emergence was also recorded during each measurement. The rate of natural pruning in B. alnoides was positively correlated with planting density, with most abscission occurring during the leaf senescence and abscission season. While branch emergence appeared to be independent of planting density. Both branch diameter and length increments exhibited an obvious increasing trend as planting densities decreased, and this trend was more pronounced in the middle and upper crown layers. Branch elongation was much more sensitive to planting density than diameter growth. Furthermore, the growth dynamics of branch diameter and length were closely synchronized with tree phenology, exhibiting a notable increment during leaf expansion and maturation periods. These findings highlight the importance and effectiveness of using appropriately high planting densities to control branch development in the most valuable stem sections of B. alnoides, and provide practical guidance for silvicultural interventions aimed at promoting high-quality solid wood production for this species.

树枝发育对树木生长和木材质量至关重要，近几十年来得到了相当多的研究关注。尽管竞争强烈影响树枝形态，但不同冠层间树枝发育对种植密度的季节性动态响应尚不清楚。为了解决这一问题，自2017年4月起，在中国南方一个5年的白桦（Betula alnoides）试验田进行了为期两年的实地研究，种植密度为每公顷625至2500根。在研究期间，对54棵优势或共优势乔木上分布在不同树冠层（高度从1 ~ 2 m到5 ~ 6 m）上的1885个枝条的大小和状态进行了定期原位监测。在每次测量中还记录了顶端分支的出现。天然剪枝率与种植密度呈显著正相关，且大部分脱落发生在叶片衰老期和脱落季。而枝条出苗率与种植密度无关。随着种植密度的降低，枝径和枝长增量均呈现出明显的增加趋势，且这种趋势在中上层冠层表现得更为明显。枝条伸长对种植密度的敏感性大于对直径生长的敏感性。此外，枝条直径和长度的生长动态与树木物候密切同步，在叶片膨大期和成熟期表现出显著的增长。这些研究结果强调了利用适当的高种植密度来控制木质素最有价值的茎段分支发育的重要性和有效性，并为促进木质素高质量实木生产的造林干预提供了实践指导。

{"title":"Seasonal natural pruning and branch growth dynamics in young Betula alnoides: Effects of planting density and crown layer","authors":"Chunsheng Wang , Sebastian Hein , Kaili Liu , Junjie Guo , Huan Wang , Jie Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Branch development is critical for tree growth and timber quality, and has received considerable research attention in recent decades. Although competition strongly influences branch morphology, the seasonal dynamic response of branch development to planting density across different crown layers remains poorly understood. To address this, a two-year field study was conducted since April 2017 in a five-year-old spacing trial plantation of <em>Betula alnoides</em> in southern China, with planting densities ranging from 625 to 2500 stems per hectare (sph). Over the study period, the size and status of 1885 branches distributed across various crown layers (from 1-2 m to 5-6 m in height) were periodically monitored <em>in situ</em> on 54 dominant or co-dominant trees. Apical branch emergence was also recorded during each measurement. The rate of natural pruning in <em>B. alnoides</em> was positively correlated with planting density, with most abscission occurring during the leaf senescence and abscission season. While branch emergence appeared to be independent of planting density. Both branch diameter and length increments exhibited an obvious increasing trend as planting densities decreased, and this trend was more pronounced in the middle and upper crown layers. Branch elongation was much more sensitive to planting density than diameter growth. Furthermore, the growth dynamics of branch diameter and length were closely synchronized with tree phenology, exhibiting a notable increment during leaf expansion and maturation periods. These findings highlight the importance and effectiveness of using appropriately high planting densities to control branch development in the most valuable stem sections of <em>B. alnoides</em>, and provide practical guidance for silvicultural interventions aimed at promoting high-quality solid wood production for this species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101157"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mature hybrid aspen plantations on former agricultural land can enhance landscape connectivity for forest species 在原农业用地上建立成熟的杂交杨树人工林可以增强森林物种的景观连通性

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101161

Tea Tullus , Tiina Randlane , Andres Saag , Reimo Lutter , Arvo Tullus , Mari-Liis Siller , Reeno Sopp , Kristjan Täll , Natalia Vysotska , Marju Kaivapalu-Kaasik , Katri Ots , Hardi Tullus

Fast-growing hybrid aspen has been widely planted on former agricultural lands in Northern and Eastern Europe to produce pulpwood and sequester carbon into woody biomass. The biodiversity of mature hybrid aspen plantations has so far been rarely analysed. Moreover, the potential of hybrid aspen plantations to host flora typical of European aspen stands – recognised as biodiversity hotspots in Eurasian boreal forests – has not been evaluated. This study focused on two organism groups with contrasting habitat preferences – ground-dwelling herbs and epiphytic lichens. We sought to clarify how environmental and landscape factors influenced the diversity of herbs, lichens, and species characteristic of European aspen stands (EA species). Data were collected across 42 study plots within 20 hybrid aspen plantations in Estonia. Altogether, 162 herb species and 65 lichens were recorded, including 92 species also found in European aspen stands. The proportion of EA species was higher among lichens (86.2 %) than among herbs (22.2 %), reflecting a stronger legacy effect of former agricultural land-use on ground-dwelling species than on epiphytes. Responses of herb and lichen diversity to environmental variables differed. Richness of herbs was related to litter and stand characteristics. Compositional analyses also highlighted the role of soil-litter variables and stand structure in herb composition. Lichens responded to landscape-related variables. A greater extent of older forests around the study plots increased the richness of EA species. In conclusion, mature hybrid aspen plantations are relatively species-rich and can enhance landscape connectivity for forest species, particularly epiphytes, in agricultural landscapes.

在北欧和东欧，快速生长的杂交白杨被广泛种植在以前的农业用地上，用于生产纸浆和将碳封存到木质生物质中。到目前为止，对成熟杂交杨树人工林的生物多样性分析还很少。此外，杂交白杨人工林承载欧洲白杨林典型植物群的潜力尚未得到评估。欧洲白杨林被认为是欧亚北方针叶林的生物多样性热点。本研究的重点是两个具有不同栖息地偏好的生物群体-地面草本植物和附生地衣。我们试图阐明环境和景观因素如何影响欧洲白杨林分草本植物、地衣和物种特征的多样性。数据收集于爱沙尼亚20个杂交白杨种植园内的42个研究地块。总共记录了162种草本植物和65种地衣，其中92种也在欧洲的白杨林中发现。地衣中EA物种的比例（86.2%）高于草本植物（22.2%），说明前农业用地对地栖物种的遗留效应强于附生植物。草本植物和地衣多样性对环境变量的响应存在差异。草本植物丰富度与凋落物和林分特征有关。成分分析还强调了凋落物变量和林分结构对草本成分的影响。地衣对景观相关变量做出反应。研究样地周围更大范围的老森林增加了EA物种的丰富度。综上所述，成熟杂交杨树人工林物种相对丰富，可以增强农业景观中森林物种，尤其是附生植物的景观连通性。

{"title":"Mature hybrid aspen plantations on former agricultural land can enhance landscape connectivity for forest species","authors":"Tea Tullus , Tiina Randlane , Andres Saag , Reimo Lutter , Arvo Tullus , Mari-Liis Siller , Reeno Sopp , Kristjan Täll , Natalia Vysotska , Marju Kaivapalu-Kaasik , Katri Ots , Hardi Tullus","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fast-growing hybrid aspen has been widely planted on former agricultural lands in Northern and Eastern Europe to produce pulpwood and sequester carbon into woody biomass. The biodiversity of mature hybrid aspen plantations has so far been rarely analysed. Moreover, the potential of hybrid aspen plantations to host flora typical of European aspen stands – recognised as biodiversity hotspots in Eurasian boreal forests – has not been evaluated. This study focused on two organism groups with contrasting habitat preferences – ground-dwelling herbs and epiphytic lichens. We sought to clarify how environmental and landscape factors influenced the diversity of herbs, lichens, and species characteristic of European aspen stands (EA species). Data were collected across 42 study plots within 20 hybrid aspen plantations in Estonia. Altogether, 162 herb species and 65 lichens were recorded, including 92 species also found in European aspen stands. The proportion of EA species was higher among lichens (86.2 %) than among herbs (22.2 %), reflecting a stronger legacy effect of former agricultural land-use on ground-dwelling species than on epiphytes. Responses of herb and lichen diversity to environmental variables differed. Richness of herbs was related to litter and stand characteristics. Compositional analyses also highlighted the role of soil-litter variables and stand structure in herb composition. Lichens responded to landscape-related variables. A greater extent of older forests around the study plots increased the richness of EA species. In conclusion, mature hybrid aspen plantations are relatively species-rich and can enhance landscape connectivity for forest species, particularly epiphytes, in agricultural landscapes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An improved forest canopy height mapping method by combining GAN-enhanced optical imagery, SAR, and GEDI data 基于gan增强光学影像、SAR和GEDI数据的森林冠层高度制图方法

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101131

Rongxi Wang , Hongtao Wang , Cheng Wang , Baokun Feng , Xiaoqian Cheng , Zhenqi Yang

Forest canopy height (FCH) is a crucial parameter for characterizing forest structure and ecosystem dynamics. NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) has greatly facilitated tree height estimation by providing accurate vertical structure measurements. However, the sparse spatial distribution of GEDI observations remains a significant constraint for large-scale FCH mapping. Although optical remote sensing imagery can compensate for such spatial discontinuities, its accuracy is often hindered by the presence of clouds, haze, and sensor interference. Additionally, in densely vegetated areas, optical data are susceptible to saturation effects, frequently resulting in the underestimation of canopy height. In this study, an improved FCH mapping method by combining GAN-enhanced optical Imagery, SAR, and GEDI data is proposed, which consists of three main steps: (1) cloud removal in optical imagery using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), which reduces the impact of cloud and fog on FCH estimation; (2) feature extraction from enhanced optical imagery, SAR, topographic and GEDI data; (3) FCH mapping using machine learning, and accuracy assessment. The proposed method maintained high accuracy in estimating FCH in regions with frequent cloud cover, particularly where continuous cloud-free imagery is difficult to obtain. Using Washington State, USA, as the study area, the method improved the footprint-level performance compared to optical data with approximately 20 % cloud cover, increasing R² from 0.60 to 0.73 and reducing RMSE from 5.45 m to 4.53 m. At the mapping stage, model validation against UAV-derived canopy height models (CHM) yielded an R² of 0.61 and an RMSE of 5.31 m.

森林冠层高度（FCH）是表征森林结构和生态系统动态的重要参数。NASA的全球生态系统动态调查（GEDI）通过提供精确的垂直结构测量，极大地促进了树木高度的估计。然而，GEDI观测数据的稀疏空间分布仍然是大规模FCH制图的一个重要限制。虽然光学遥感图像可以补偿这种空间不连续性，但其精度往往受到云、雾和传感器干扰的影响。此外，在植被密集地区，光学数据容易受到饱和效应的影响，经常导致对冠层高度的低估。本文提出了一种结合GAN增强光学图像、SAR和GEDI数据的改进FCH映射方法，主要包括三个步骤：(1)利用生成式对抗网络（GAN）去除光学图像中的云，减少云雾对FCH估计的影响；(2)对增强光学影像、SAR、地形和GEDI数据进行特征提取；(3)利用机器学习技术绘制FCH地图，并进行精度评估。该方法在频繁云层覆盖地区，特别是难以获得连续无云图像的地区，保持了较高的FCH估计精度。该方法以美国华盛顿州为研究区，与云层覆盖率约为20%的光学数据相比，提高了足迹级性能，将R²从0.60提高到0.73，将RMSE从5.45 m降低到4.53 m。在制图阶段，基于无人机衍生的冠层高度模型（CHM）的模型验证得出R²为0.61，RMSE为5.31 m。

{"title":"An improved forest canopy height mapping method by combining GAN-enhanced optical imagery, SAR, and GEDI data","authors":"Rongxi Wang , Hongtao Wang , Cheng Wang , Baokun Feng , Xiaoqian Cheng , Zhenqi Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forest canopy height (FCH) is a crucial parameter for characterizing forest structure and ecosystem dynamics. NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) has greatly facilitated tree height estimation by providing accurate vertical structure measurements. However, the sparse spatial distribution of GEDI observations remains a significant constraint for large-scale FCH mapping. Although optical remote sensing imagery can compensate for such spatial discontinuities, its accuracy is often hindered by the presence of clouds, haze, and sensor interference. Additionally, in densely vegetated areas, optical data are susceptible to saturation effects, frequently resulting in the underestimation of canopy height. In this study, an improved FCH mapping method by combining GAN-enhanced optical Imagery, SAR, and GEDI data is proposed, which consists of three main steps: (1) cloud removal in optical imagery using a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), which reduces the impact of cloud and fog on FCH estimation; (2) feature extraction from enhanced optical imagery, SAR, topographic and GEDI data; (3) FCH mapping using machine learning, and accuracy assessment. The proposed method maintained high accuracy in estimating FCH in regions with frequent cloud cover, particularly where continuous cloud-free imagery is difficult to obtain. Using Washington State, USA, as the study area, the method improved the footprint-level performance compared to optical data with approximately 20 % cloud cover, increasing R² from 0.60 to 0.73 and reducing RMSE from 5.45 m to 4.53 m. At the mapping stage, model validation against UAV-derived canopy height models (CHM) yielded an R² of 0.61 and an RMSE of 5.31 m.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101131"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146037522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Government-led resettlement schemes and land based investments have altered land systems 政府主导的重新安置计划和基于土地的投资改变了土地制度

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101152

Kenasa Degefa Alemu , Zerihun Kebebew , Teferi Tolera , Dessalegn Obsi Gemeda

Land use land cover (LULC) changes significantly modify the natural environment if not well managed. This study aimed to quantify four decades (1984 to 2024) of LULC change in the resettlement areas of the Kellem Wollega Zone using geospatial technologies. Landsat imagery from 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014, and 2024, derived from Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS, and Landsat 9 OLI/TIRS-2 were downloaded for LULC change assessment. Results show that cultivated land increased from 782.35 km² to 1075.45 km², with an increment of 293.10 km². Similarly, the built-up areas experienced an increasing trend from 14.53 km² to 49.62 km², gaining 35.09 km². In contrast, shrubland and grazing land declined from 482.54 km² to 371.86 km² and from 417.35 km² to 311.47 km², with net loss of 110.68 km² and 105.88 km², respectively. Similarly, forest cover and bare land decreased by 86.70 km² and 24.93 km², respectively. These changes reflect increasing pressure on land resources due to population growth and resettlement. Results show that cultivated land and built-up areas are experiencing a significant increasing trend, while forest, shrub land, grazing land, and bare land are experiencing a declining trend. The study recommends effective land use planning that promotes sustainable agriculture while ensuring environmental resilience.

如果管理不善，土地利用和土地覆盖的变化会显著改变自然环境。本研究旨在利用地理空间技术量化凯勒姆沃勒加区安置区40年（1984 - 2024年）的土地利用价值变化。下载了1984年、1994年、2004年、2014年和2024年Landsat 5 TM、Landsat 7 ETM+、Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS和Landsat 9 OLI/TIRS-2的Landsat影像，用于LULC变化评估。结果表明：耕地面积从782.35 km²增加到1075.45 km²，增加293.10 km²；同样，建成区从14.53 km²增加到49.62 km²，增加了35.09 km²。相比之下，灌丛地和放牧地从482.54 km²减少到371.86 km²，从417.35 km²减少到311.47 km²，净损失分别为110.68 km²和105.88 km²。森林覆盖面积和裸地面积也分别减少了86.70 km²和24.93 km²。这些变化反映了由于人口增长和重新安置对土地资源的压力越来越大。结果表明：耕地和建成区面积呈显著增加趋势，林地、灌丛地、放牧地和裸地呈减少趋势；该研究建议进行有效的土地利用规划，以促进可持续农业，同时确保环境恢复能力。

{"title":"Government-led resettlement schemes and land based investments have altered land systems","authors":"Kenasa Degefa Alemu , Zerihun Kebebew , Teferi Tolera , Dessalegn Obsi Gemeda","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2026.101152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land use land cover (LULC) changes significantly modify the natural environment if not well managed. This study aimed to quantify four decades (1984 to 2024) of LULC change in the resettlement areas of the Kellem Wollega Zone using geospatial technologies. Landsat imagery from 1984, 1994, 2004, 2014, and 2024, derived from Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS, and Landsat 9 OLI/TIRS-2 were downloaded for LULC change assessment. Results show that cultivated land increased from 782.35 km² to 1075.45 km², with an increment of 293.10 km². Similarly, the built-up areas experienced an increasing trend from 14.53 km² to 49.62 km², gaining 35.09 km². In contrast, shrubland and grazing land declined from 482.54 km² to 371.86 km² and from 417.35 km² to 311.47 km², with net loss of 110.68 km² and 105.88 km², respectively. Similarly, forest cover and bare land decreased by 86.70 km² and 24.93 km², respectively. These changes reflect increasing pressure on land resources due to population growth and resettlement. Results show that cultivated land and built-up areas are experiencing a significant increasing trend, while forest, shrub land, grazing land, and bare land are experiencing a declining trend. The study recommends effective land use planning that promotes sustainable agriculture while ensuring environmental resilience.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101152"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leveraging change in ecosystem restoration: from planting trees to regenerating people-nature systems 利用生态系统恢复中的变化：从植树到人与自然系统的再生

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101134

Marina Frietsch , Beth A. Kaplin , Athanase Mukuralinda , Donath Nkurikiyimana , Appollinaire William , Jean Damascene Bariyanga , Dula Wakassa Duguma , Cecile Kayitanirwa , Myriam Mujawamariya , Venuste Nsengimana , Pierre Nshimyumuremyi , Verene Nyiramvuyekure , Jean Nduwamungu , Shema Serge , Ezechiel Turikunkiko , Diogene Tuyizere , Joern Fischer

Despite calls for more integrated ecosystem restoration approaches, many restoration projects continue to focus on simple metrics capturing isolated ecological or social system dimensions. To realize the potential of ecosystem restoration to generate a multitude of desirable social-ecological outcomes, we argue that a change in mindsets is needed to move from planting trees to regenerating people-nature systems. Drawing on a leverage points perspective, we propose that changing the paradigms that underpin restoration could shift the modus operandi from an instrumental perspective of ‘nature for people’ to a relational perspective of ‘people with nature’. Following three interacting realms of leverage for transformational change, we use the case study of western Rwanda to exemplarily illustrate how restoration can serve as a critical entry point for re-connecting people and nature in degraded landscapes, re-structuring the time scales considered in natural resource management, and re-thinking the use of diverse types of knowledge in this context. Combining these three realms in place-based restoration efforts can inform new avenues for ecosystem restoration that are rooted in genuine social-ecological relationships. This, in turn, could trigger regenerative dynamics in restoration landscapes – i.e., mutually reinforcing dynamics that support both human and non-human wellbeing. This approach reflects a broader transition from repairing fragmented landscape elements to regenerating integrated social–ecological systems.

尽管人们呼吁采用更综合的生态系统恢复方法，但许多恢复项目仍然专注于捕捉孤立的生态或社会系统维度的简单指标。为了实现生态系统恢复产生众多理想的社会生态结果的潜力，我们认为需要改变思维方式，从植树转向再生人与自然系统。从杠杆点的角度来看，我们建议改变支撑恢复的范式，可以将操作方式从“自然为人”的工具视角转变为“人与自然”的关系视角。以下是转型变革的三个相互作用的杠杆领域，我们以卢旺达西部的案例研究为例，说明恢复如何作为一个关键的切入点，在退化的景观中重新连接人与自然，重新构建自然资源管理中考虑的时间尺度，并重新思考在这种情况下不同类型知识的使用。将这三个领域结合起来进行基于地点的恢复工作，可以为植根于真正的社会-生态关系的生态系统恢复提供新的途径。反过来，这可能会触发恢复景观中的再生动力——即，支持人类和非人类福祉的相互加强的动力。这种方法反映了一个更广泛的转变，从修复破碎的景观元素到再生综合的社会生态系统。

{"title":"Leveraging change in ecosystem restoration: from planting trees to regenerating people-nature systems","authors":"Marina Frietsch , Beth A. Kaplin , Athanase Mukuralinda , Donath Nkurikiyimana , Appollinaire William , Jean Damascene Bariyanga , Dula Wakassa Duguma , Cecile Kayitanirwa , Myriam Mujawamariya , Venuste Nsengimana , Pierre Nshimyumuremyi , Verene Nyiramvuyekure , Jean Nduwamungu , Shema Serge , Ezechiel Turikunkiko , Diogene Tuyizere , Joern Fischer","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101134","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101134","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite calls for more integrated ecosystem restoration approaches, many restoration projects continue to focus on simple metrics capturing isolated ecological or social system dimensions. To realize the potential of ecosystem restoration to generate a multitude of desirable social-ecological outcomes, we argue that a change in mindsets is needed to move from planting trees to regenerating people-nature systems. Drawing on a leverage points perspective, we propose that changing the paradigms that underpin restoration could shift the modus operandi from an instrumental perspective of ‘nature for people’ to a relational perspective of ‘people with nature’. Following three interacting realms of leverage for transformational change, we use the case study of western Rwanda to exemplarily illustrate how restoration can serve as a critical entry point for <em>re-connecting</em> people and nature in degraded landscapes, <em>re-structuring</em> the time scales considered in natural resource management, and <em>re-thinking</em> the use of diverse types of knowledge in this context. Combining these three realms in place-based restoration efforts can inform new avenues for ecosystem restoration that are rooted in genuine social-ecological relationships. This, in turn, could trigger regenerative dynamics in restoration landscapes – i.e., mutually reinforcing dynamics that support both human and non-human wellbeing. This approach reflects a broader transition from repairing fragmented landscape elements to regenerating integrated social–ecological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of spatial arrangement, intercropping and fertilization on Capsicum annuum and Glycine max productivity under Grewia based agroforestry system in the western Himalayas 空间布局、间作和施肥对西喜马拉雅地区以Grewia为基础的农林业系统辣椒和甘氨酸最高产量的影响

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101133

Krishan Lal Gautam , C.L. Thakur , D.R. Bhardwaj , Subhash Sharma , Rohit Bishist , Harish Sharma , Archana Sharma , Munesh Kumar

Intercropping can enhance productivity per unit of land by utilizing resources more efficiently. The productivity of vegetable-legume intercrops may be affected by factors such as the spatial arrangement of the crops and nutrient sources. However, there is limited understanding of how planting conditions influence productivity in the western Himalayas. The impact of within-row spatial arrangements of intercrops compared to distinct-row systems under on-farm conditions has not been explored in this region. This study was conducted during 2019–2021 in Randomized Block Design having crops Capsicum annuum [Bell pepper (C)]: Glycine max [Soya bean (S)] in Kharif season with three factors viz. two planting condition (Grewia based agroforestry system and open condition), six intercropping patterns (I₁ 1:1 row system, I₂ 1:2 row system, I₃ 2:1 row system, I₄ 2:2 row system, I₅ 0:1 row system and I₆ 1:0 row system) and 3 nutrient sources (T₁:RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) with FYM, T₂:Jeevamrit @500 l/ha (5 %) and T₃: No manure). The results revealed that growth and yield parameters of capsicum-soybean cropping systems were higher under open conditions. Higher growth and yield parameters of capsicum were recorded in sole cropping while, soybean performs better in 2:2 intercropping patterns on application of RDF. The total Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) under the different intercropping patterns were greater than 1, indicating yield advantage. Higher competitive ratio values of Capsicum indicated that Capsicum was more competitive than soybean. Hence, it is concluded that 1:1 row system of Capsicum annum-Glycine max with application of RDF along with FYM under Grewia based agroforestry system is eluded as most cost effective combination.

间作可以通过更有效地利用资源来提高单位土地的生产力。菜豆间作的产量可能受到作物空间布局和养分来源等因素的影响。然而，对于种植条件如何影响西喜马拉雅地区的生产力，人们的了解有限。行内间作空间安排与不同行间系统在农田条件下的影响尚未在该地区进行探讨。本研究于2019-2021年在随机区组设计中进行，作物为辣椒[甜椒(C)]：在三种因素下，即两种种植条件（基于Grewia的农林复合系统和开放条件），六种间作模式（I1 1:1行制，I2 1:2行制，I3 2:1行制，I4 2:2行制，I5 0:1行制和I6 1:0行制）和3种营养来源（T1:RDF（推荐施肥剂量）与FYM， T2:Jeevamrit @500 l/ha（5%）和T3：不施肥）。结果表明，开放条件下辣椒-大豆种植体系的生长和产量参数较高。单作时辣椒的生长和产量参数较高，而大豆在2:2套作模式下施用RDF效果较好。不同间作模式下的总土地等效比（LER）均大于1，表现出产量优势。较高的竞争比值表明辣椒比大豆更具竞争力。因此，在基于Grewia的农林业系统中，采用RDF和FYM相结合的辣椒-甘氨酸1:1行体系是最具成本效益的组合。

{"title":"Effects of spatial arrangement, intercropping and fertilization on Capsicum annuum and Glycine max productivity under Grewia based agroforestry system in the western Himalayas","authors":"Krishan Lal Gautam , C.L. Thakur , D.R. Bhardwaj , Subhash Sharma , Rohit Bishist , Harish Sharma , Archana Sharma , Munesh Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Intercropping can enhance productivity per unit of land by utilizing resources more efficiently. The productivity of vegetable-legume intercrops may be affected by factors such as the spatial arrangement of the crops and nutrient sources. However, there is limited understanding of how planting conditions influence productivity in the western Himalayas. The impact of within-row spatial arrangements of intercrops compared to distinct-row systems under on-farm conditions has not been explored in this region. This study was conducted during 2019–2021 in Randomized Block Design having crops <em>Capsicum annuum</em> [Bell pepper (C)]: <em>Glycine</em> max [Soya bean (S)] in Kharif season with three factors viz. two planting condition (Grewia based agroforestry system and open condition), six intercropping patterns (I<sub>1</sub> 1:1 row system, I<sub>2</sub> 1:2 row system, I<sub>3</sub> 2:1 row system, I<sub>4</sub> 2:2 row system, I<sub>5</sub> 0:1 row system and I<sub>6</sub> 1:0 row system) and 3 nutrient sources (T<sub>1</sub>:RDF (Recommended Dose of Fertilizer) with FYM, T<sub>2</sub>:Jeevamrit @500 l/ha (5 %) and T<sub>3</sub>: No manure). The results revealed that growth and yield parameters of capsicum-soybean cropping systems were higher under open conditions. Higher growth and yield parameters of capsicum were recorded in sole cropping while, soybean performs better in 2:2 intercropping patterns on application of RDF. The total Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) under the different intercropping patterns were greater than 1, indicating yield advantage. Higher competitive ratio values of Capsicum indicated that Capsicum was more competitive than soybean. Hence, it is concluded that 1:1 row system of <em>Capsicum annum</em>-<em>Glycine</em> max with application of RDF along with FYM under Grewia based agroforestry system is eluded as most cost effective combination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101133"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The state of sacred forests in West Cameroon 喀麦隆西部的神圣森林

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101105

Jessica Cyntia Gansonkeng Zambou , Verina Ingram , Georg Winkel , Francis Lelo Nzuzi , Lucie Temgoua

Sacred forests are forested areas associated with spiritual beliefs. In Africa, they serve as ritual and sacred sites with implications for biodiversity conservation. In West Cameroon, land use change has intensified with forests once classified as biodiversity hotspots becoming degraded and encroached by human activities. This study explores 24 sacred forests, examining changes in spatial areas, rates of change over time, and factors driving deforestation and degradation. Semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and cartographic mapping were used to gather data with Software ArcGIS version 2.18, ENVI, and SPSS employed for data analysis. Overall, there is a declining trend in forest cover between 1990 and 2023, on average 10.9 %, with a large variation between -0.6 % to -49 %. Degradation and deforestation drivers include agriculture (34 %) and unsustainable non-timber forest product and woodfuel harvesting (31 %). Religion (89 %) and eroded customary governance (11 %) are indirect drivers, as traditional authority decreases and customary spiritual beliefs that previously maintained the forests are replaced by Christian and Islamic values in which sacred forest use and protection plays no role. Given decreases in area, quality and status of sacred forests, despite their continued importance for many communities and traditions, and their contribution to in-situ biodiversity conservation, we recommend integrating sacred forests into broader land-use planning and conservation policies at local, regional and national levels, promoting sustainable harvesting of forest products, strengthening traditional governance systems and connecting them to statutory forest policies, and enhanced transmission of the cultural and spiritual values associated with these forests.

神圣的森林是与精神信仰有关的森林区域。在非洲，它们是仪式和圣地，具有保护生物多样性的意义。在喀麦隆西部，土地利用变化加剧，曾经被列为生物多样性热点的森林正在退化，并受到人类活动的侵占。本研究探索了24片圣林，考察了其空间区域的变化、随时间的变化率以及导致森林砍伐和退化的因素。采用半结构化问卷调查、焦点小组讨论、地图学制图等方法收集数据，采用ArcGIS 2.18、ENVI软件，SPSS软件进行数据分析。总体而言，1990年至2023年期间森林覆盖率呈下降趋势，平均下降10.9%，变化幅度在- 0.6%至- 49%之间。退化和森林砍伐的驱动因素包括农业（34%）和不可持续的非木材林产品和木材燃料采伐（31%）。宗教（89%）和被侵蚀的习惯治理（11%）是间接驱动因素，因为传统权威减少，以前维持森林的习惯精神信仰被基督教和伊斯兰价值观所取代，神圣的森林使用和保护不起任何作用。鉴于神林的面积、质量和地位不断下降，尽管它们对许多社区和传统仍然很重要，并对当地生物多样性保护做出了贡献，我们建议将神林纳入地方、区域和国家各级更广泛的土地利用规划和保护政策，促进森林产品的可持续采伐，加强传统治理体系，并将其与法定森林政策联系起来。加强与这些森林有关的文化和精神价值的传播。

{"title":"The state of sacred forests in West Cameroon","authors":"Jessica Cyntia Gansonkeng Zambou , Verina Ingram , Georg Winkel , Francis Lelo Nzuzi , Lucie Temgoua","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sacred forests are forested areas associated with spiritual beliefs. In Africa, they serve as ritual and sacred sites with implications for biodiversity conservation. In West Cameroon, land use change has intensified with forests once classified as biodiversity hotspots becoming degraded and encroached by human activities. This study explores 24 sacred forests, examining changes in spatial areas, rates of change over time, and factors driving deforestation and degradation. Semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and cartographic mapping were used to gather data with Software ArcGIS version 2.18, ENVI, and SPSS employed for data analysis. Overall, there is a declining trend in forest cover between 1990 and 2023, on average 10.9 %, with a large variation between -0.6 % to -49 %. Degradation and deforestation drivers include agriculture (34 %) and unsustainable non-timber forest product and woodfuel harvesting (31 %). Religion (89 %) and eroded customary governance (11 %) are indirect drivers, as traditional authority decreases and customary spiritual beliefs that previously maintained the forests are replaced by Christian and Islamic values in which sacred forest use and protection plays no role. Given decreases in area, quality and status of sacred forests, despite their continued importance for many communities and traditions, and their contribution to in-situ biodiversity conservation, we recommend integrating sacred forests into broader land-use planning and conservation policies at local, regional and national levels, promoting sustainable harvesting of forest products, strengthening traditional governance systems and connecting them to statutory forest policies, and enhanced transmission of the cultural and spiritual values associated with these forests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101105"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The influence of urban forest on stress levels among adults aged 45 and older: An environmental and socioeconomic analysis in Florida, US 城市森林对45岁及以上成年人压力水平的影响：美国佛罗里达州的环境和社会经济分析

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101118

Christy Cecilia Veronica Suhendy , Andrew K. Koeser , Ryan W. Klein , Laura Warner , Matilda van den Bosch , Gail Hansen

Mental health benefits associated with urban nature exposure have gained significant research attention. This study explored the relationships between self-reported stress levels in Florida (US) residents aged 45 and older and sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental predictors related to urban forest access. Specifically, we used the 3–30–300 rule as a contextual framework which states that all urban residents should have at least three trees visible from their home, 30% neighborhood canopy cover, and one green space for recreation within 300 meters of their home. Sociodemographic factors such as age and income significantly influenced stress, with older individuals and those who are financially comfortable reporting lower stress levels. Environmental variables, such as tree canopy cover and the number of trees near residences were not significantly associated with stress. However, the frequency of green space visits demonstrated a significant impact. Daily time spent in natural areas significantly reduced stress, with weekly visits also linked to lower stress levels, whereas infrequent visits, such as only a few times a year, were associated with higher stress, underscoring the importance of regular interaction with nature. These findings suggest that the frequency of green space visits may play a more critical role in stress reduction than the mere presence of urban greenery, at least in the context of Florida residents aged 45 and older using self-reported measures of tree exposure and stress levels. Policymakers and urban planners should prioritize enhancing access to high-quality, safe, and engaging green spaces to promote mental health. Future research should investigate the mechanisms driving these relationships and evaluate the long-term impacts of green space engagement on well-being.

接触城市自然对心理健康的益处已经引起了大量的研究关注。本研究探讨了美国佛罗里达州45岁及以上居民自我报告的压力水平与城市森林通道相关的社会人口、行为和环境预测因素之间的关系。具体来说，我们使用3-30-300规则作为语境框架，该框架规定所有城市居民应从家中至少看到三棵树，30%的社区树冠覆盖，以及在其家300米范围内的一个绿色休闲空间。年龄和收入等社会人口因素对压力有显著影响，老年人和经济状况较好的人报告的压力水平较低。环境变量，如树冠覆盖度和住宅附近的树木数量与压力没有显著相关。然而，访问绿地的频率显示出显著的影响。每天在自然环境中度过的时间大大减少了压力，每周访问也与较低的压力水平有关，而不频繁的访问，例如一年只有几次，与较高的压力有关，强调了定期与自然互动的重要性。这些研究结果表明，至少在佛罗里达州45岁及以上的居民使用树木暴露和压力水平自我报告的测量方法的背景下，绿地访问的频率可能比城市绿化的存在在减轻压力方面发挥更重要的作用。政策制定者和城市规划者应优先考虑增加获得高质量、安全和吸引人的绿色空间的机会，以促进心理健康。未来的研究应该调查驱动这些关系的机制，并评估绿色空间参与对幸福感的长期影响。

{"title":"The influence of urban forest on stress levels among adults aged 45 and older: An environmental and socioeconomic analysis in Florida, US","authors":"Christy Cecilia Veronica Suhendy , Andrew K. Koeser , Ryan W. Klein , Laura Warner , Matilda van den Bosch , Gail Hansen","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mental health benefits associated with urban nature exposure have gained significant research attention. This study explored the relationships between self-reported stress levels in Florida (US) residents aged 45 and older and sociodemographic, behavioral, and environmental predictors related to urban forest access. Specifically, we used the 3–30–300 rule as a contextual framework which states that all urban residents should have at least three trees visible from their home, 30% neighborhood canopy cover, and one green space for recreation within 300 meters of their home. Sociodemographic factors such as age and income significantly influenced stress, with older individuals and those who are financially comfortable reporting lower stress levels. Environmental variables, such as tree canopy cover and the number of trees near residences were not significantly associated with stress. However, the frequency of green space visits demonstrated a significant impact. Daily time spent in natural areas significantly reduced stress, with weekly visits also linked to lower stress levels, whereas infrequent visits, such as only a few times a year, were associated with higher stress, underscoring the importance of regular interaction with nature. These findings suggest that the frequency of green space visits may play a more critical role in stress reduction than the mere presence of urban greenery, at least in the context of Florida residents aged 45 and older using self-reported measures of tree exposure and stress levels. Policymakers and urban planners should prioritize enhancing access to high-quality, safe, and engaging green spaces to promote mental health. Future research should investigate the mechanisms driving these relationships and evaluate the long-term impacts of green space engagement on well-being.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101118"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stumbling block or safety net? The impact of environmental income on relative poverty governance 绊脚石还是安全网？环境收入对相对贫困治理的影响

IF 2.9 Q1 FORESTRY

Trees, Forests and People

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101116

Jingyi Yang , Lijuan Zhu , Zhixi Cao , Wen Sun , Bin Yuan

" Living off mountains and seas," environmental income has long been a critical income source for low-income groups, though its role in relative poverty governance remains unclear. Using rural fixed observation data, taking forestry income with zero input costs as environmental income, and using the 3FGLS method to measure poverty vulnerability, this study examines how environmental income influences relative poverty alleviation. While high poverty-relapse-risk households earn less environmental income, it constitutes a larger share of their total income, indicating stronger dependency. Additionally, environmental income lowers rural poverty incidence, intensity, and depth. For relative poverty, it significantly reduces households' poverty levels, with results holding across multiple robustness tests. Further analysis reveals that during health or temporary income shocks, households increase environmental income share to mitigate liquidity constraints, acting as an income "safety net." Thus, in integrating ecological protection and poverty alleviation, policymakers should leverage environmental income's role in reducing inequality, preventing relapse, and alleviating relative poverty, ensuring low-income groups benefit from ecological resources while securing stable livelihoods.

“靠山靠海”的环境收入长期以来一直是低收入群体的重要收入来源，尽管它在相对贫困治理中的作用尚不清楚。本文利用农村固定观测数据，以投入成本为零的林业收入作为环境收入，采用3FGLS方法衡量贫困脆弱性，考察环境收入对相对扶贫的影响。虽然高贫困复发风险家庭的环境收入较少，但环境收入占其总收入的比例较大，表明依赖性较强。此外，环境收入降低了农村贫困的发生率、强度和深度。对于相对贫困，它显著降低了家庭贫困水平，结果在多个稳健性测试中都成立。进一步分析表明，在健康或暂时性收入冲击期间，家庭增加环境收入份额以缓解流动性限制，起到收入“安全网”的作用。因此，在生态保护与扶贫相结合的过程中，政策制定者应发挥环境收入在减少不平等、防止复发和减轻相对贫困方面的作用，确保低收入群体在获得稳定生计的同时受益于生态资源。

{"title":"Stumbling block or safety net? The impact of environmental income on relative poverty governance","authors":"Jingyi Yang , Lijuan Zhu , Zhixi Cao , Wen Sun , Bin Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101116","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.tfp.2025.101116","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>\" Living off mountains and seas,\" environmental income has long been a critical income source for low-income groups, though its role in relative poverty governance remains unclear. Using rural fixed observation data, taking forestry income with zero input costs as environmental income, and using the 3FGLS method to measure poverty vulnerability, this study examines how environmental income influences relative poverty alleviation. While high poverty-relapse-risk households earn less environmental income, it constitutes a larger share of their total income, indicating stronger dependency. Additionally, environmental income lowers rural poverty incidence, intensity, and depth. For relative poverty, it significantly reduces households' poverty levels, with results holding across multiple robustness tests. Further analysis reveals that during health or temporary income shocks, households increase environmental income share to mitigate liquidity constraints, acting as an income \"safety net.\" Thus, in integrating ecological protection and poverty alleviation, policymakers should leverage environmental income's role in reducing inequality, preventing relapse, and alleviating relative poverty, ensuring low-income groups benefit from ecological resources while securing stable livelihoods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":36104,"journal":{"name":"Trees, Forests and People","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 101116"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0