QR Article, E. Akhmetova, Gumar F. Dautov, Alfira S. Hajrullina
This paper studies the concepts of statehood, governance and the ideal ruler in the Golden Horde literature through a synthesis of political thought, philosophy, religious ethics and poetry presented in a poem by Qutb named Husraw and Shirin (written in 1342). The first part of the paper provides an overview of the Golden Horde civilization and suggests that its intellectual culture accumulated the all-inclusive scholarly, literary and scientific achievements of that time with the most advanced scholarly and educational centers. The following parts provide a general idea about Qutb and his Husraw and Shirin, including its plot and main ideas. The last part analyses the concepts of statehood and an ideal ruler that are depicted in the poem within the framework of governance in Islam. The paper finds that, by referring to a famous love story between Husraw and Shirin, Qutb was able to address the needs of his era and society, and created an original composition through an intense creative processing of literary material that was available to him. Given the fact that the Golden Horde is among the less studied periods of Islamic history and intellectual thought, this paper is expected to contribute to the field positively. Keywords: Golden Horde, Governance in Islam, Husraw and Shirin, Justice, Qutb, The concept of ideal ruler in Islam, Statehood, Turkic literature, Women as rulers
{"title":"The Concepts of Statehood and the Ideal Ruler in the Golden Horde Literature: The Husraw and Shirin of Qutb","authors":"QR Article, E. Akhmetova, Gumar F. Dautov, Alfira S. Hajrullina","doi":"10.32350/jitc.122.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the concepts of statehood, governance and the ideal ruler in the Golden Horde literature through a synthesis of political thought, philosophy, religious ethics and poetry presented in a poem by Qutb named Husraw and Shirin (written in 1342). The first part of the paper provides an overview of the Golden Horde civilization and suggests that its intellectual culture accumulated the all-inclusive scholarly, literary and scientific achievements of that time with the most advanced scholarly and educational centers. The following parts provide a general idea about Qutb and his Husraw and Shirin, including its plot and main ideas. The last part analyses the concepts of statehood and an ideal ruler that are depicted in the poem within the framework of governance in Islam. The paper finds that, by referring to a famous love story between Husraw and Shirin, Qutb was able to address the needs of his era and society, and created an original composition through an intense creative processing of literary material that was available to him. Given the fact that the Golden Horde is among the less studied periods of Islamic history and intellectual thought, this paper is expected to contribute to the field positively. \u0000Keywords: Golden Horde, Governance in Islam, Husraw and Shirin, Justice, Qutb, The concept of ideal ruler in Islam, Statehood, Turkic literature, Women as rulers","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42338217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
QR Article, N. Ramli, M. N. Hamdan, Mohd Annuar Ramli, S. Izwan, A. Razak, Hussein ‘Azeemi, Abdullah Thaidi, Mohd Farhan, M. Ariffin, N. M. Zain, Ramli, Mohammad Naqib Nurmunirah, Mohd Anuar Hamdan, S. Ramli, Izwan Abd, Hussein Razak, ‘Azeemi Abdullah, Mohd Thaidi, Farhan, Ariffin Norhidayu, “A MuhamadZain., Dr. Mohd Farhan, Md Ariffin Norhidayu, Muhamad Zain
One of the credible inventions is 3D Bioprinting or organ printing which uses layer by layer fabrication manner and is an emerging and developing technology offered by the research industry and can help the humanity in certain areas of life e.g., health, food, etc. The technology has been found beneficial in wide spectrum within the medical industry in fighting the shortage of organ and tissues donations. It is also helpful for the pharmaceuticals for determining effectiveness of new drugs and the food industry players to develop new type of edible meat for humans’ consumption. However, behind all these benefits, there are unresolved issues that need be discussed critically and addressed properly within the ethics, law and orders of Islamic worldview. This study aims to indentify the Sharī‘ah related issues raised consequent upon the invention of 3D bioprinting. The study uses data collection from scholars’ writings, academic journals, and Islamic fatwa related to bioethics. The data are analysed thematically. The results show that there is a loophole in bioethics research on Sharī‘ah compliant guidelines for the Muslims users with regards to bioprinting usage. It is suggested for the experts to do thorough research on Sharī‘ah compliant guidelines of bioprinting to be the benchmark guideline for authorities such as JAKIM in Malaysia and other authorities such as the Ministry of Health in treating the Muslim patients. Keywords:3D Bioprinting, Ethical and Legal Issues, Organ Printing, Sharī ‘ah Compliance.
{"title":"A Need of Shariah Compliant Model of 3D Bioprinting","authors":"QR Article, N. Ramli, M. N. Hamdan, Mohd Annuar Ramli, S. Izwan, A. Razak, Hussein ‘Azeemi, Abdullah Thaidi, Mohd Farhan, M. Ariffin, N. M. Zain, Ramli, Mohammad Naqib Nurmunirah, Mohd Anuar Hamdan, S. Ramli, Izwan Abd, Hussein Razak, ‘Azeemi Abdullah, Mohd Thaidi, Farhan, Ariffin Norhidayu, “A MuhamadZain., Dr. Mohd Farhan, Md Ariffin Norhidayu, Muhamad Zain","doi":"10.32350/jitc.122.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.08","url":null,"abstract":"One of the credible inventions is 3D Bioprinting or organ printing which uses layer by layer fabrication manner and is an emerging and developing technology offered by the research industry and can help the humanity in certain areas of life e.g., health, food, etc. The technology has been found beneficial in wide spectrum within the medical industry in fighting the shortage of organ and tissues donations. It is also helpful for the pharmaceuticals for determining effectiveness of new drugs and the food industry players to develop new type of edible meat for humans’ consumption. However, behind all these benefits, there are unresolved issues that need be discussed critically and addressed properly within the ethics, law and orders of Islamic worldview. This study aims to indentify the Sharī‘ah related issues raised consequent upon the invention of 3D bioprinting. The study uses data collection from scholars’ writings, academic journals, and Islamic fatwa related to bioethics. The data are analysed thematically. The results show that there is a loophole in bioethics research on Sharī‘ah compliant guidelines for the Muslims users with regards to bioprinting usage. It is suggested for the experts to do thorough research on Sharī‘ah compliant guidelines of bioprinting to be the benchmark guideline for authorities such as JAKIM in Malaysia and other authorities such as the Ministry of Health in treating the Muslim patients. \u0000Keywords:3D Bioprinting, Ethical and Legal Issues, Organ Printing, Sharī ‘ah Compliance.","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44407002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
After having reached the stage where Islamic civilization delivered optimum, it started declining. Nevertheless, in different epochs of Islamic history, some remarkable personalities emerged reclaiming the functionality of iḥyā; i.e., the renaissance principle. In the contemporary times, Mālek Bennabī and Syed Mawdūdī have phenomenally contributed to the Muslim renaissance discourse. Both of them have critically examined the pathology of jumūd; i.e., the tendency of stagnation in the Muslim world. Although, they identified similar causes and symptoms, nevertheless, having lived in different socio-political contexts, they came up with certain methodological differences in their approach. Both the scholars developed a systematic response suggesting a way forward--the method of renaissance. In Bennabī’s discourse, the pathology is fundamentally civilizational, i.e., crisis in the civilizational equation between man, soil and time. While in Mawdūdī’s discourse, the pathology is fundamentally political; i.e., crisis in the nature of political relation between state, society and religion. Against this backdrop, the paper aims to present following points. First, the paper presents a brief analysis of Bennabī’s civilizational approach and Mawdūdī’s political approach in order to understand their scheme of thought while engaging with the question of jumūd and iḥyā. Second, the paper juxtaposes the three key concepts namely civilization, religion, and revival used by both Bennabī and Mawdūdī in their theoretical elaborations to outline the differences and similarities in their method of analysis. Keywords: Islam, Decline, Renaissance, Civilizational Approach, Political Approach
{"title":"Civilizational Problem or Political Crisis? Comparative Analysis of Mālek Bennabi and Syed Mawdūdī’s Approach to Renaissance","authors":"B. A. Malik","doi":"10.32350/jitc.121.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.121.18","url":null,"abstract":"After having reached the stage where Islamic civilization delivered optimum, it started declining. Nevertheless, in different epochs of Islamic history, some remarkable personalities emerged reclaiming the functionality of iḥyā; i.e., the renaissance principle. In the contemporary times, Mālek Bennabī and Syed Mawdūdī have phenomenally contributed to the Muslim renaissance discourse. Both of them have critically examined the pathology of jumūd; i.e., the tendency of stagnation in the Muslim world. Although, they identified similar causes and symptoms, nevertheless, having lived in different socio-political contexts, they came up with certain methodological differences in their approach. Both the scholars developed a systematic response suggesting a way forward--the method of renaissance. In Bennabī’s discourse, the pathology is fundamentally civilizational, i.e., crisis in the civilizational equation between man, soil and time. While in Mawdūdī’s discourse, the pathology is fundamentally political; i.e., crisis in the nature of political relation between state, society and religion. Against this backdrop, the paper aims to present following points. First, the paper presents a brief analysis of Bennabī’s civilizational approach and Mawdūdī’s political approach in order to understand their scheme of thought while engaging with the question of jumūd and iḥyā. Second, the paper juxtaposes the three key concepts namely civilization, religion, and revival used by both Bennabī and Mawdūdī in their theoretical elaborations to outline the differences and similarities in their method of analysis. \u0000Keywords: Islam, Decline, Renaissance, Civilizational Approach, Political Approach","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42967287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this research is to create an understanding regarding the relationship between Grand Mosques in urban structure of the Islamic Communities. For this study, Faysal Mosque, Grand Mosque of the Federal Capital of Pakistan, Islamabad, has been selected as a primary site of inquiry for investigating function and purpose of a mosque in an Islamic community. Using a conceptual framework developed using Michel Foucault’s framework for Enunciative Modalities and design analysis of key examples of major grand mosques in the Islamic history, the paper highlights that a grand mosque holds a vital position in the historic Islamic cities. Its placement at an anchoring point generally connects it with the urban fabric of the city. Historically, the vital positioning in the mosque is also associated with the diverse function that generally work as a school, a treasury, a lecture hall, a guest room, and place of worship. However, with the evolution of the Muslim societies the mosque’s function was confined to a religious place and a school as the rest of the function were shifted into more specialized buildings. Through the assessment of architectural, political, and sociological impacts, however, it has been concluded that whether modern or traditional, the Islamic city was never conceptualized without the grand mosque. Keywords: Mosque Architecture, Faysal Mosque, Modernity, Symbolism
{"title":"Structural Positioning of Mosque in the Development Plan of the Federal Capital of Pakistan","authors":"Mansoora Ahmed, Shama Anbrine","doi":"10.32350/jitc.121.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.121.19","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to create an understanding regarding the relationship between Grand Mosques in urban structure of the Islamic Communities. For this study, Faysal Mosque, Grand Mosque of the Federal Capital of Pakistan, Islamabad, has been selected as a primary site of inquiry for investigating function and purpose of a mosque in an Islamic community. Using a conceptual framework developed using Michel Foucault’s framework for Enunciative Modalities and design analysis of key examples of major grand mosques in the Islamic history, the paper highlights that a grand mosque holds a vital position in the historic Islamic cities. Its placement at an anchoring point generally connects it with the urban fabric of the city. Historically, the vital positioning in the mosque is also associated with the diverse function that generally work as a school, a treasury, a lecture hall, a guest room, and place of worship. However, with the evolution of the Muslim societies the mosque’s function was confined to a religious place and a school as the rest of the function were shifted into more specialized buildings. Through the assessment of architectural, political, and sociological impacts, however, it has been concluded that whether modern or traditional, the Islamic city was never conceptualized without the grand mosque. \u0000Keywords: Mosque Architecture, Faysal Mosque, Modernity, Symbolism","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42807455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Occasionally some laws are enacted without proper deliberation and comprehensive understanding of the issue in focus. The same can be said about The Waqf Property Act 2020 which was passed in Islamabad and all the provinces of Pakistan in September 2020 in which some new laws were made and some previous laws were amended. The Rules regarding Awqāf Act were disseminated across all the provinces and advertised on national media. Having explained the rules of the Act, some guardians of the Waqf properties were also issued notices. However, the Waqf Property Act has received a social backlash from ulamas, the political fraternity & the public. It is said that the Act is not only against the Islamic law but is also against the Constitution of Pakistan. Keeping this scenario in view the aim of this paper was set to discuss the violation of the Constitution that has occurred in the enactment of this law. For this purpose the original text of the Waqf Property Act 2020 along with certified references have been analyzed so that the gaps in the focused law are fully identified. The findings of the study can provide a good insight to the law makers as well as common readers. Keywords: Waqf, Constitution of Pakistan, Fundamental Rights, Religious Minorities, Sharī‘ah
{"title":"Waqf Properties Act 2020 and the Constitution of Pakistan: A Critical Study","authors":"Hafiz Hassan Madni","doi":"10.32350/jitc.121.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.121.20","url":null,"abstract":"Occasionally some laws are enacted without proper deliberation and comprehensive understanding of the issue in focus. The same can be said about The Waqf Property Act 2020 which was passed in Islamabad and all the provinces of Pakistan in September 2020 in which some new laws were made and some previous laws were amended. The Rules regarding Awqāf Act were disseminated across all the provinces and advertised on national media. Having explained the rules of the Act, some guardians of the Waqf properties were also issued notices. However, the Waqf Property Act has received a social backlash from ulamas, the political fraternity & the public. It is said that the Act is not only against the Islamic law but is also against the Constitution of Pakistan. Keeping this scenario in view the aim of this paper was set to discuss the violation of the Constitution that has occurred in the enactment of this law. For this purpose the original text of the Waqf Property Act 2020 along with certified references have been analyzed so that the gaps in the focused law are fully identified. The findings of the study can provide a good insight to the law makers as well as common readers. \u0000Keywords: Waqf, Constitution of Pakistan, Fundamental Rights, Religious Minorities, Sharī‘ah","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45942358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A phenomenological study was conducted to understand religious practices of khawajasiras, with an emphasis on instances where Islam provides a historically-rooted identity and offers belonging, and to highlight the challenges faced by them in exercising their fundamental rights. Six in-depth interviews were conducted from Lahore’s khawajasira community. Theoretically, the study utilized the theory of marginality for the refinements of its findings. The study was divided into two phases. The first one offered an overview of organization and rights of khawajasira people globally, in Pakistan, and within Islamic thought. The second phase dealt with the study’s empirical findings in the domains of preferred gender identity, societal discrimination, and appeal and challenges of religious affinity. The findings indicated that most participants wanted to articulate a feminine identity. Additionally, five of them had been abandoned by their birth families in early childhoods. Then, broader khawajasira community and civil society organizations were instrumental in sustaining their survival. With respect to religion, all participants identified themselves as the practicing Muslims – where religion was a source of personal comfort, its social practice was found to evoke a negative response as well because Islam has also guided the majority of the participants to seek halāl work. On the basis of the study findings, it is argued that the status of khawajasira community should be restored in the light of Islamic teachings and that the restoration of their historical and religious belonging along with the assurance of equal citizenship rights. Keywords: Khawajasira, Community, Islam, Religion, Discrimination
{"title":"Religion and Belonging: Voices of Lahore’s Khawajasira’s Community","authors":"Muniba Tariq, Iram Rubab, Hafiza Shahida Parveen","doi":"10.32350/jitc.121.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.121.17","url":null,"abstract":"A phenomenological study was conducted to understand religious practices of khawajasiras, with an emphasis on instances where Islam provides a historically-rooted identity and offers belonging, and to highlight the challenges faced by them in exercising their fundamental rights. Six in-depth interviews were conducted from Lahore’s khawajasira community. Theoretically, the study utilized the theory of marginality for the refinements of its findings. The study was divided into two phases. The first one offered an overview of organization and rights of khawajasira people globally, in Pakistan, and within Islamic thought. The second phase dealt with the study’s empirical findings in the domains of preferred gender identity, societal discrimination, and appeal and challenges of religious affinity. The findings indicated that most participants wanted to articulate a feminine identity. Additionally, five of them had been abandoned by their birth families in early childhoods. Then, broader khawajasira community and civil society organizations were instrumental in sustaining their survival. With respect to religion, all participants identified themselves as the practicing Muslims – where religion was a source of personal comfort, its social practice was found to evoke a negative response as well because Islam has also guided the majority of the participants to seek halāl work. On the basis of the study findings, it is argued that the status of khawajasira community should be restored in the light of Islamic teachings and that the restoration of their historical and religious belonging along with the assurance of equal citizenship rights. \u0000Keywords: Khawajasira, Community, Islam, Religion, Discrimination","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46404306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper aimed to discuss the contribution of Shaykh Nuruddin ar-Raniry in popularizing Islamic Law through his work al-Shirath al-Mustaqim in the Nusantara. Shaykh Nuruddin ar-Raniry was a prominent scholar among the Nusantara Scholars who had a major influence on the intellectual and spiritual development of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam in the 17th century AD. He is a scholar who is known as an expert in fiqh (Islamic Law) and served as a judge (Qadli Malikul Adil) just during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Tsani. Therefore, this study aims to examine Shaykh Nuruddin Ar-Raniry's contribution to Islamic law through his book entitled as-Shirath al-Mustaqim. The research method in this study is a library study by analyzing the books of Shaykh Nuruddin ar-Raniry and other books related to this study. This study explains that Shaykh Nuruddin ar-Raniry contributed to grounding the Islamic jurisprudence of the Syafii Madhhab in Nusantara in the 17th century AD through his work as-Shirath al-Mustaqim and encouraged the later Nusantara scholars in advancing Islamic legal literacy in Nusantara. Keywords: Shaykh Nuruddin ar-Raniry, As-Shirath al-Mustaqim, Islamic Jurisprudence
本文旨在通过Shaykh Nuruddin ar Raniry在努桑塔拉的著作《al-Shirath al-Mustaqim》来探讨他在普及伊斯兰法方面的贡献。Shaykh Nuruddin ar Raniry是努桑塔拉学者中的一位杰出学者，对公元17世纪亚齐王国的智力和精神发展产生了重大影响。他是一位著名的伊斯兰法专家，在苏丹伊斯坎达尔·察尼统治期间担任法官（Qadli Malikul Adil）。因此，本研究旨在通过Shaykh Nuruddin Ar Raniry的《Shirath al-Mustaqim》一书来考察他对伊斯兰法律的贡献。本研究的研究方法是通过分析Shaykh Nuruddin ar Raniry的书籍和其他与本研究相关的书籍进行图书馆研究。本研究解释说，Shaykh Nuruddin ar Raniry通过其作为Shirath al-Mustaqim的工作，为公元17世纪努桑塔拉Syafii Madhhab的伊斯兰法学奠定了基础，并鼓励后来的努桑塔拉学者提高努桑塔拉的伊斯兰法律素养。关键词：Shaykh Nuruddin ar Raniry，As Shirath al-Mustaqim，伊斯兰法学
{"title":"Shaykh Nuruddin ar-Raniry's Contribution in his As-Shirath al-Mustaqim to Popularizing Islamic Law in the Nusantara","authors":"Dzulkifli Hadi Imawan Amnan","doi":"10.32350/jitc.121.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.121.16","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aimed to discuss the contribution of Shaykh Nuruddin ar-Raniry in popularizing Islamic Law through his work al-Shirath al-Mustaqim in the Nusantara. Shaykh Nuruddin ar-Raniry was a prominent scholar among the Nusantara Scholars who had a major influence on the intellectual and spiritual development of the Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam in the 17th century AD. He is a scholar who is known as an expert in fiqh (Islamic Law) and served as a judge (Qadli Malikul Adil) just during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Tsani. Therefore, this study aims to examine Shaykh Nuruddin Ar-Raniry's contribution to Islamic law through his book entitled as-Shirath al-Mustaqim. The research method in this study is a library study by analyzing the books of Shaykh Nuruddin ar-Raniry and other books related to this study. This study explains that Shaykh Nuruddin ar-Raniry contributed to grounding the Islamic jurisprudence of the Syafii Madhhab in Nusantara in the 17th century AD through his work as-Shirath al-Mustaqim and encouraged the later Nusantara scholars in advancing Islamic legal literacy in Nusantara. \u0000Keywords: Shaykh Nuruddin ar-Raniry, As-Shirath al-Mustaqim, Islamic Jurisprudence \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46987802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper offers a critical analysis of the body of offices responsible for the regulation of the public religious affairs in Turkey with a historical perspective from the Ottoman Empire to the current Republican period. The paper has a specific goal to explore how the public bodies regulating the religious life have played their role for the purpose of ensuring political and social control in the country by reviewing the religious institution during the Ottoman era and comparing within the Republican period under three different ruling ages: the Republican People’s Party, the multi-party and the AK Party. A significant volume of research has been conducted on the various aspects of public religious offices; and have been reviewed for this purpose by using historical research design. The findings show that during the Ottoman Empire, the regulation of the spiritual life was marked by a strong influence of the Sheikh ul-Islam . However, this institution experienced a huge decline after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey when the new secular political system started to confiscate the powers of the Sheikh ul-Islam one by one to abolish it altogether eventually in 1924. Diyanet has been established in its place as a new religious institution to provide services for some spiritual practices with much-restricted powers and roles under the authority of a ministry. Diyanet came to this day without much change in its capabilities until the AK Party came into the government which intended to make it a more active and functional department as part of what is called its major political strategy of Islamization through democratization. It can be summed up that after almost two decades of its tenure, findings show that the AK Party has partially achieved its goal to introduce a major change in the character of Turkish secularism from the protection of people from religious authoritarianism to protection of religion from political authoritarianism compared with other previous political parties. Keywords: Diyanet in Turkey, Religion in the Ottomans, Islamization via democratization, AK party
{"title":"Transformation of Religious Institution in Turkey from the Ottoman Sheikh ul-Islam to the Modern Diyanet Institution","authors":"Nurhidayu Rosli","doi":"10.32350/jitc.121.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.121.01","url":null,"abstract":"This paper offers a critical analysis of the body of offices responsible for the regulation of the public religious affairs in Turkey with a historical perspective from the Ottoman Empire to the current Republican period. The paper has a specific goal to explore how the public bodies regulating the religious life have played their role for the purpose of ensuring political and social control in the country by reviewing the religious institution during the Ottoman era and comparing within the Republican period under three different ruling ages: the Republican People’s Party, the multi-party and the AK Party. A significant volume of research has been conducted on the various aspects of public religious offices; and have been reviewed for this purpose by using historical research design. The findings show that during the Ottoman Empire, the regulation of the spiritual life was marked by a strong influence of the Sheikh ul-Islam . However, this institution experienced a huge decline after the establishment of the Republic of Turkey when the new secular political system started to confiscate the powers of the Sheikh ul-Islam one by one to abolish it altogether eventually in 1924. Diyanet has been established in its place as a new religious institution to provide services for some spiritual practices with much-restricted powers and roles under the authority of a ministry. Diyanet came to this day without much change in its capabilities until the AK Party came into the government which intended to make it a more active and functional department as part of what is called its major political strategy of Islamization through democratization. It can be summed up that after almost two decades of its tenure, findings show that the AK Party has partially achieved its goal to introduce a major change in the character of Turkish secularism from the protection of people from religious authoritarianism to protection of religion from political authoritarianism compared with other previous political parties. \u0000Keywords: Diyanet in Turkey, Religion in the Ottomans, Islamization via democratization, AK party","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45900512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rahmah Bt. Ahmad H. Osman, Mohamad Firdaus Mansor Majdin, Fauziah Fathil, Md. Salleh Yaapar, Saleh Al Zuheimi
This paper seeks to examine the legacy of the Omani presence in the states of Malaysia, which arguably has made itself apparent in the royal dress of the Kedah Sultanate. This discovery indeed calls for further investigation, especially on how the Omani dress later became a model for Kedah royal dress which is famously known as Baju Muskat. Further analysis is essential to determine to what extent did the Kedah Sultanate adopted the Omani dress of the Muscati style and what aspects of the Kedah royal dress resemble the Omani dress substantially. Preliminary research indicates that there are few similarities that one can find between the Omani dress with that of the Kedah royal dress, which is said to be worn by the latter since the 17th century. Reading through the existing literature in the field also reveals one interesting picture that points to the underrepresentation of Omani individuals, merchants, and scholars in the Malay texts as the former tends to describe them, often as Arab traders, or Persian traders. In short, this paper has attempted to explore and examine the above-mentioned circumstances for a better understanding of the subject matter under study through a method of content analysis. Keywords: Well-being, Happiness, Subsistence, Ethical Principles, Arab-Muslim Thought
{"title":"Revisiting Omani Legacy in Malaya through the Royal Kedah Dress: Reassessment","authors":"Rahmah Bt. Ahmad H. Osman, Mohamad Firdaus Mansor Majdin, Fauziah Fathil, Md. Salleh Yaapar, Saleh Al Zuheimi","doi":"10.32350/jitc.121.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.121.03","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to examine the legacy of the Omani presence in the states of Malaysia, which arguably has made itself apparent in the royal dress of the Kedah Sultanate. This discovery indeed calls for further investigation, especially on how the Omani dress later became a model for Kedah royal dress which is famously known as Baju Muskat. Further analysis is essential to determine to what extent did the Kedah Sultanate adopted the Omani dress of the Muscati style and what aspects of the Kedah royal dress resemble the Omani dress substantially. Preliminary research indicates that there are few similarities that one can find between the Omani dress with that of the Kedah royal dress, which is said to be worn by the latter since the 17th century. Reading through the existing literature in the field also reveals one interesting picture that points to the underrepresentation of Omani individuals, merchants, and scholars in the Malay texts as the former tends to describe them, often as Arab traders, or Persian traders. In short, this paper has attempted to explore and examine the above-mentioned circumstances for a better understanding of the subject matter under study through a method of content analysis. \u0000Keywords: Well-being, Happiness, Subsistence, Ethical Principles, Arab-Muslim Thought","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45946791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sayyed Kamal Keshiknevis Razavi, Abbas Ahmadvand, Mina Moazzeni
Alexandria is the second-largest city in Egypt; this city is the threshold of Egypt and the first place by the sea where travelers encounter and create an idea of Egypt in their minds. Many western travelers, such as Hartmann Schedel, André Thevet, Jacob Peeters, Charles Perry, Volney, Dumont, and others have visited Alexandria and wrote reports on the City past and present, through which their opinions of the city can be accessed. Without a doubt, looking at Alexandria from a traveler's point of opinion differs from the opinions of a person who has lived there and observed the city from the inside. The question is how each of these two perspectives encounters the city. What questions have each of them asked and what answers have they given? And do these questions and answers come from their social and cultural background? Can a comparison of these two opinions provide a picture of the city to help better understand its history? It seems that the questions and answers of these observers come from their social backgrounds. At the same time Volney (1757-1820) lived in France, Abdul Rahman bin Hassan al-Jabarti (1825-1753) lived in Egypt. In this study, using an asymmetric macro-comparison method, we have attempted to evaluate the information in Volney's travelogue and Jabarti's ''Ajāeb-al Asār'' based on their perspective of the inside (Jabarti) and outside (Volney) of Alexandria. In his introduction to the late 18th century Alexandria, Volney seems to be much attached to the ideas from the French society, At the same time, Jabarti did not pay much attention to the question of Alexandria's urbanization and focused more on those who went to the city and left it. He laid the focus on the political and military situation of the city. Keywords: Alexandria, Volney, Jabarti, Egyptology, Travelogue, Travel Theory
{"title":"Alexandria, the Threshold of Egypt: A Comparative Study on Volney and Jabarti's Idea of Alexandria in the Late 18th Century","authors":"Sayyed Kamal Keshiknevis Razavi, Abbas Ahmadvand, Mina Moazzeni","doi":"10.32350/jitc.121.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32350/jitc.121.05","url":null,"abstract":"Alexandria is the second-largest city in Egypt; this city is the threshold of Egypt and the first place by the sea where travelers encounter and create an idea of Egypt in their minds. Many western travelers, such as Hartmann Schedel, André Thevet, Jacob Peeters, Charles Perry, Volney, Dumont, and others have visited Alexandria and wrote reports on the City past and present, through which their opinions of the city can be accessed. Without a doubt, looking at Alexandria from a traveler's point of opinion differs from the opinions of a person who has lived there and observed the city from the inside. The question is how each of these two perspectives encounters the city. What questions have each of them asked and what answers have they given? And do these questions and answers come from their social and cultural background? Can a comparison of these two opinions provide a picture of the city to help better understand its history? It seems that the questions and answers of these observers come from their social backgrounds. At the same time Volney (1757-1820) lived in France, Abdul Rahman bin Hassan al-Jabarti (1825-1753) lived in Egypt. In this study, using an asymmetric macro-comparison method, we have attempted to evaluate the information in Volney's travelogue and Jabarti's ''Ajāeb-al Asār'' based on their perspective of the inside (Jabarti) and outside (Volney) of Alexandria. In his introduction to the late 18th century Alexandria, Volney seems to be much attached to the ideas from the French society, At the same time, Jabarti did not pay much attention to the question of Alexandria's urbanization and focused more on those who went to the city and left it. He laid the focus on the political and military situation of the city. \u0000Keywords: Alexandria, Volney, Jabarti, Egyptology, Travelogue, Travel Theory","PeriodicalId":36736,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45509278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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