Pub Date : 2025-02-01Epub Date: 2025-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100255
Kátia M. Freitas , Emerson S. Veloso , Ênio Ferreira , Marcelo V. Caliari , Carlos E. Salas , Miriam T.P. Lopes
Background
P1G10 is the proteolytic fraction from Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis latex equivalent to papain from C. papaya. It acts as healing enhancer in diverse wound scenarios. In a preliminary study P1G10 showed promising anti-inflammatory activity in lesions induced by single dose UVB irradiation.
Aim
The present study assesses the impact of P1G10 topically applied on mice lesions induced by multiple UVB doses.
Results
After repeated exposure to 240 mJ cm-2 UVB, P1G10 decreased by ∼50 % the detected ROS, enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities, thereby protecting against oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory effect of the fraction was consolidated by reduction in TNF-α (∼70 %) and IL1β (∼90 %) and confirmed by histological analyses showing a reduction in cellularity and leukocyte infiltration into the hypodermis. Additionally, epidermal hyperplasia induced by UVB was reduced as shown by a decrease of PCNA immunolabeling in keratinocytes. Pathways involved in the inflammatory process and in UVB-induced production of free radicals were also affected, revealing that P1G10 application reduced phosphorylation of MAP kinase proteins (JNK and P38) and Akt, as well as MMP-9 activity.
Conclusions
These data confirm the lasting protective action of P1G10 by moderating oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by multiple doses of UV-B in the skin, suggesting a potential preventive action against the onset of carcinogenesis.
{"title":"Effects of P1G10 against UVB-induced damage: Reduction of antioxidant stress, inflammation and cell proliferation","authors":"Kátia M. Freitas , Emerson S. Veloso , Ênio Ferreira , Marcelo V. Caliari , Carlos E. Salas , Miriam T.P. Lopes","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100255","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100255","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>P1G10 is the proteolytic fraction from <em>Vasconcellea cundinamarcensis</em> latex equivalent to papain from <em>C. papaya</em>. It acts as healing enhancer in diverse wound scenarios. In a preliminary study P1G10 showed promising anti-inflammatory activity in lesions induced by single dose UVB irradiation.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>The present study assesses the impact of P1G10 topically applied on mice lesions induced by multiple UVB doses.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>After repeated exposure to 240 mJ cm<sup>-2</sup> UVB, P1G10 decreased by ∼50 % the detected ROS, enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase activities, thereby protecting against oxidative stress. The anti-inflammatory effect of the fraction was consolidated by reduction in TNF-α (∼70 %) and IL1β (∼90 %) and confirmed by histological analyses showing a reduction in cellularity and leukocyte infiltration into the hypodermis. Additionally, epidermal hyperplasia induced by UVB was reduced as shown by a decrease of PCNA immunolabeling in keratinocytes. Pathways involved in the inflammatory process and in UVB-induced production of free radicals were also affected, revealing that P1G10 application reduced phosphorylation of MAP kinase proteins (JNK and P38) and Akt, as well as MMP-9 activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These data confirm the lasting protective action of P1G10 by moderating oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by multiple doses of UV-B in the skin, suggesting a potential preventive action against the onset of carcinogenesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 100255"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143102742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100253
Maria Fitzner , Natalie Cunningham , Marcel AK Jansen
Vitamin D deficiency is a global issue that requires attention, given its essential functions in the human body. The synthesis of vitamin D3 in the human skin is subject to limitations related to the availability of UV radiation, which can be particularly limited at higher latitudes, especially during the winter months. Additionally, vitamin D3 can be acquired through diet. Given that most vitamin D sources are animal-based, the discovery of vitamin D3 in plants is of particular interest to those following vegan or vegetarian diets. While the characteristics of vitamin D biosynthesis in the human skin are well established, there is a lack of knowledge regarding biosynthesis in plants. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of several factors, including light, temperature, and plant matrix compounds, on the vitamin D3 conversion reaction. The formation of previtamin D3 from 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) was demonstrated to be dependent on UVC and UVB light, while the subsequent formation of vitamin D3 from previtamin D3 was shown to be dependent on temperature. Exposure to longer UV wavelengths led to a relative increase in lumisterol content. Furthermore, a concentration-dependent effect of UV-absorbing compounds was observed. These novel insights into the formation of vitamin D3 will underpin future strategies aimed at optimising vitamin D3 content in crop species.
鉴于维生素 D 在人体中的重要功能，维生素 D 缺乏症是一个需要关注的全球性问题。人体皮肤中维生素 D3 的合成受到紫外线辐射的限制，在高纬度地区，尤其是在冬季，紫外线辐射尤其有限。此外，维生素 D3 还可以通过饮食获得。鉴于大多数维生素 D 的来源都是动物性的，因此植物中维生素 D3 的发现对于那些素食主义者来说尤其重要。虽然维生素 D 在人体皮肤中的生物合成特点已得到公认，但人们对植物中的生物合成还缺乏了解。本研究旨在评估光照、温度和植物基质化合物等因素对维生素 D3 转化反应的影响。研究证明，前维生素 D3 由 7-脱氢胆固醇（7-DHC）形成取决于紫外线和 UVB 光，而随后由前维生素 D3 形成维生素 D3 则取决于温度。暴露在较长的紫外线波长下，紫杉醇的含量会相对增加。此外，还观察到紫外线吸收化合物的浓度效应。这些关于维生素 D3 形成的新见解将为未来旨在优化作物中维生素 D3 含量的战略提供依据。
{"title":"An interplay of light and temperature: Vitamin D3 formation in vitro, a model for in vivo plant studies","authors":"Maria Fitzner , Natalie Cunningham , Marcel AK Jansen","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100253","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100253","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vitamin D deficiency is a global issue that requires attention, given its essential functions in the human body. The synthesis of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> in the human skin is subject to limitations related to the availability of UV radiation, which can be particularly limited at higher latitudes, especially during the winter months. Additionally, vitamin D<sub>3</sub> can be acquired through diet. Given that most vitamin D sources are animal-based, the discovery of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> in plants is of particular interest to those following vegan or vegetarian diets. While the characteristics of vitamin D biosynthesis in the human skin are well established, there is a lack of knowledge regarding biosynthesis in plants. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of several factors, including light, temperature, and plant matrix compounds, on the vitamin D<sub>3</sub> conversion reaction. The formation of previtamin D<sub>3</sub> from 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) was demonstrated to be dependent on UVC and UVB light, while the subsequent formation of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> from previtamin D<sub>3</sub> was shown to be dependent on temperature. Exposure to longer UV wavelengths led to a relative increase in lumisterol content. Furthermore, a concentration-dependent effect of UV-absorbing compounds was observed. These novel insights into the formation of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> will underpin future strategies aimed at optimising vitamin D<sub>3</sub> content in crop species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100253"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142527864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-09-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100252
Isabelle Almeida de Lima , Lorraine Gabriele Fiuza , Johan Sebastián Díaz Tovar , Dianeth Sara Lima Bejar , Ana Julia Barbosa Tomé , Michelle Barreto Requena , Layla Pires , Gang Zheng , Natalia Mayumi Inada , Cristina Kurachi , Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato
The impressive increase in antimicrobial resistance has required the development of alternative treatments that act on multiple non-specific molecular targets and are effective against a broad range of microorganisms. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) is based on microbial inactivation from oxidative stress and represents an important tool for inactivating microorganisms with low risk of resistance selection. Therefore, our research group has been devoted to demonstrating its effectiveness against pathogens that cause pneumonia, one of the most lethal infections worldwide. Previous studies reported the efficiency and safety of an in vitro photoinactivation protocol for Streptococcus pneumoniae and the delivery of infrared light (external illumination) and photosensitizer (PS) in an animal model. However, the in vivo inactivation of microorganisms still poses challenges due to the presence of lung surfactant (LS), which traps PSs, preventing them from reaching the microbial target. This study investigated different approaches such as use of emulsifiers, perfluorocarbon, oxygen nanobubbles, and copolymer towards overcoming LS and optimizing aPDT response. The most promising strategy consisted in combining indocyanine green (ICG) with GantrezTM AN-139 - a Polyvinyl Methyl Ether/Maleic Anhydride copolymer (PVM/MA) – showing high microbial inactivation and safety for human lung epithelial (A549) and fibroblast (MRC-9) cell lines. The in vitro experiments provided an alternative to overcome the limited PS distribution through LS and will serve as the basis for in vivo studies.
{"title":"Strategies for overcoming the lung surfactant barrier and achieving success in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy","authors":"Isabelle Almeida de Lima , Lorraine Gabriele Fiuza , Johan Sebastián Díaz Tovar , Dianeth Sara Lima Bejar , Ana Julia Barbosa Tomé , Michelle Barreto Requena , Layla Pires , Gang Zheng , Natalia Mayumi Inada , Cristina Kurachi , Vanderlei Salvador Bagnato","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impressive increase in antimicrobial resistance has required the development of alternative treatments that act on multiple non-specific molecular targets and are effective against a broad range of microorganisms. Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy (aPDT) is based on microbial inactivation from oxidative stress and represents an important tool for inactivating microorganisms with low risk of resistance selection. Therefore, our research group has been devoted to demonstrating its effectiveness against pathogens that cause pneumonia, one of the most lethal infections worldwide. Previous studies reported the efficiency and safety of an <em>in vitro</em> photoinactivation protocol for <em>Streptococcus pneumoniae</em> and the delivery of infrared light (external illumination) and photosensitizer (PS) in an animal model. However, the <em>in vivo</em> inactivation of microorganisms still poses challenges due to the presence of lung surfactant (LS), which traps PSs, preventing them from reaching the microbial target. This study investigated different approaches such as use of emulsifiers, perfluorocarbon, oxygen nanobubbles, and copolymer towards overcoming LS and optimizing aPDT response. The most promising strategy consisted in combining indocyanine green (ICG) with Gantrez<sup>TM</sup> AN-139 - a Polyvinyl Methyl Ether/Maleic Anhydride copolymer (PVM/MA) – showing high microbial inactivation and safety for human lung epithelial (A549) and fibroblast (MRC-9) cell lines. The <em>in vitro</em> experiments provided an alternative to overcome the limited PS distribution through LS and will serve as the basis for <em>in vivo</em> studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142416607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-12-01Epub Date: 2024-08-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100250
Augustin C. Barolet , Lucie Germain , Daniel Barolet
Significance: This study investigates the therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) using visible and near-infrared (NIR) light on nitric oxide (NO) release from intact human skin. Given NO's critical role in physiological processes such as wound healing, inflammation control, and vasodilation, this research could lead to innovative non-invasive treatments.
Aim: The primary aim was to explore how PBM at different wavelengths affects NO release from human skin. Custom-built airtight sleeves equipped with gas ports were used to measure NO levels, assessing the impact of three specific wavelengths of light (455 nm, 660 nm, and 850 nm).
Approach: Eighteen healthy participants had their forearms enclosed in airtight sleeves. The skin was irradiated with the specified wavelengths at a fluence of 45 J/cm² and an irradiance of 50 mW/cm² for 15 min. NO levels were quantified after irradiation using chemiluminescence detection (CLD), which measures the chemiluminescent reaction of NO with ozone (O3) for real-time analysis.
Results: Significant differences in NO release were observed among the wavelengths tested, indicating that PBM stimulates NO release from intact human skin.
Conclusions: The study provides strong evidence that PBM using visible and NIR light can enhance NO release from human skin, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for conditions involving NO. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind PBM-induced NO release and its clinical implications.
意义重大：本研究探讨了利用可见光和近红外光进行光生物调节（PBM）对完整人体皮肤释放一氧化氮（NO）的治疗潜力。鉴于一氧化氮在伤口愈合、炎症控制和血管扩张等生理过程中的关键作用，这项研究可能会带来创新的非侵入性治疗方法。方法：18 名健康参与者在前臂上涂抹了一层PBM，并在前臂上安装了一个带有气孔的定制密闭套，用于测量NO 水平，评估三种特定波长的光（455 nm、660 nm 和 850 nm）对NO 的影响：方法：18 名健康参与者的前臂被包裹在密闭套筒中。方法：将 18 名健康参与者的前臂包裹在密闭的袖子中，用指定波长的光以 45 J/cm²、50 mW/cm² 的辐照度照射皮肤 15 分钟。利用化学发光检测（CLD）对照射后的 NO 含量进行量化，该方法测量 NO 与臭氧（O3）的化学发光反应，以进行实时分析：结果：在不同波长的测试中观察到 NO 释放量的显著差异，表明 PBM 能刺激完整人体皮肤释放 NO：这项研究提供了强有力的证据，证明使用可见光和近红外光的 PBM 可以增强人体皮肤的 NO 释放，从而为涉及 NO 的疾病提供了潜在的治疗应用。要了解 PBM 诱导 NO 释放背后的机制及其临床意义，还需要进一步的研究。
{"title":"In vivo measurement of nitric oxide release from intact human skin post photobiomodulation using visible and near-infrared light: A chemiluminescence detection study","authors":"Augustin C. Barolet , Lucie Germain , Daniel Barolet","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100250","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100250","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><strong>Significance</strong>: This study investigates the therapeutic potential of photobiomodulation (PBM) using visible and near-infrared (NIR) light on nitric oxide (NO) release from intact human skin. Given NO's critical role in physiological processes such as wound healing, inflammation control, and vasodilation, this research could lead to innovative non-invasive treatments.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> The primary aim was to explore how PBM at different wavelengths affects NO release from human skin. Custom-built airtight sleeves equipped with gas ports were used to measure NO levels, assessing the impact of three specific wavelengths of light (455 nm, 660 nm, and 850 nm).</p><p><strong>Approach:</strong> Eighteen healthy participants had their forearms enclosed in airtight sleeves. The skin was irradiated with the specified wavelengths at a fluence of 45 J/cm² and an irradiance of 50 mW/cm² for 15 min. NO levels were quantified after irradiation using chemiluminescence detection (CLD), which measures the chemiluminescent reaction of NO with ozone (O3) for real-time analysis.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Significant differences in NO release were observed among the wavelengths tested, indicating that PBM stimulates NO release from intact human skin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The study provides strong evidence that PBM using visible and NIR light can enhance NO release from human skin, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for conditions involving NO. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind PBM-induced NO release and its clinical implications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 100250"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666469024000253/pdfft?md5=1a2108d5632a97bca7bdbe19108138b2&pid=1-s2.0-S2666469024000253-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142048999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100245
Sandile Phinda Songca
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) consist of metal atoms or clusters, coordinated to organic ligands to form macromolecular super structures, with pores large enough to host free drug molecules, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizers. This review presents examples of applications in PDT of various types of MOFs. To contextualize the discussions of their PDT applications, general procedures of MOF synthesis are considered. Applications of MOFs in PDT are described using examples of several combination therapy innovations developed for the purpose of solving some of the key challenges in the clinical translation value chain of PDT. The review presents evidence to show that the explosion of research in MOFs is due to their capability for applications as carriers and delivery systems for PDT photosensitizers. It also shows their unique applications as platforms for combination therapies, for stimulus responsive release of photosensitizer and drug molecules, for cancer cell targeting, and for auxiliary enhancement of efficacy. Published literature on MOFs has been on the rise since the eighties. In Scopus, the applications of MOFs in PDT increased from 1 article in 2010, to 169 articles in 2023, whereas published literature on MOFs generally, increased from 878 to 11644 during this period. Research on the applications of MOFs in PDT has therefore increased more than that of MOFs generally. Literature on the applications of MOFs in PDT increased by between 0.7% to 1.45% relative to published literature on MOFs generally. Clearly, MOFs are researched to overcome challenges of and improve PDT efficacy, more than they are generally.
{"title":"Synthesis and applications of metal organic frameworks in photodynamic therapy","authors":"Sandile Phinda Songca","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100245","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100245","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) consist of metal atoms or clusters, coordinated to organic ligands to form macromolecular super structures, with pores large enough to host free drug molecules, including photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizers. This review presents examples of applications in PDT of various types of MOFs. To contextualize the discussions of their PDT applications, general procedures of MOF synthesis are considered. Applications of MOFs in PDT are described using examples of several combination therapy innovations developed for the purpose of solving some of the key challenges in the clinical translation value chain of PDT. The review presents evidence to show that the explosion of research in MOFs is due to their capability for applications as carriers and delivery systems for PDT photosensitizers. It also shows their unique applications as platforms for combination therapies, for stimulus responsive release of photosensitizer and drug molecules, for cancer cell targeting, and for auxiliary enhancement of efficacy. Published literature on MOFs has been on the rise since the eighties. In Scopus, the applications of MOFs in PDT increased from 1 article in 2010, to 169 articles in 2023, whereas published literature on MOFs generally, increased from 878 to 11644 during this period. Research on the applications of MOFs in PDT has therefore increased more than that of MOFs generally. Literature on the applications of MOFs in PDT increased by between 0.7% to 1.45% relative to published literature on MOFs generally. Clearly, MOFs are researched to overcome challenges of and improve PDT efficacy, more than they are generally.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100245"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666469024000204/pdfft?md5=5481a5bf2bc14b52daee1f28af08d552&pid=1-s2.0-S2666469024000204-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phototoxicity plays an important role in tattoo toxicology due to the skin's daily exposure to sunlight and the permanent deposition of pigments in skin. Here, we investigated in chemico reactive oxygen species generation using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and in vitro phototoxicity towards skin fibroblasts based on the OECD Test Guideline 432.
Proficiency substances, titanium dioxide (TiO2, anatase 30 nm, anatase 100 nm, rutile 30 nm), pigment red 22 (PR 22) with and without purification and carbon black (CB) were investigated. Phototoxic properties of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) were investigated with and without adsorption to CB. Pigments were characterised by dynamic light scattering.
All proficiency substances except for norfloxacin were predicted successfully and only TiO2 anatase exhibited phototoxicity in the cell-based approach. B[a]P showed the expected phototoxicity in contrast to B[a]P bound to carbon black. Upon UVA irradiation, only TiO2 pigment anatase and PR 22 generated ROS in the cell-free assay. DLS measurements showed a high degree of polydispersity/agglomeration.
OECD Test Guideline 432 should be applied with an incubation time of 24 h when testing highly insoluble pigments. The in chemico ROS assay introduced below might serve as a quick screening test but may be further adapted to predict the in vitro outcome.
{"title":"Adaption of in vitro and in chemico phototoxicity tests for tattoo pigments and the effect of adsorption of the phototoxic contaminant benzo[a]pyrene to carbon black","authors":"Susanne Kochs , Lena Panse , Sandra Schiewe , Urs Schlegel , Anja Schreiber , Aseel Alsarahni , Urs Hauri , Ines Schreiver","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phototoxicity plays an important role in tattoo toxicology due to the skin's daily exposure to sunlight and the permanent deposition of pigments in skin. Here, we investigated <em>in chemico</em> reactive oxygen species generation using 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and <em>in vitro</em> phototoxicity towards skin fibroblasts based on the OECD Test Guideline 432.</p><p>Proficiency substances, titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>, anatase 30 nm, anatase 100 nm, rutile 30 nm), pigment red 22 (PR 22) with and without purification and carbon black (CB) were investigated. Phototoxic properties of benzo[<em>a</em>]pyrene (B[<em>a]</em>P) were investigated with and without adsorption to CB. Pigments were characterised by dynamic light scattering.</p><p>All proficiency substances except for norfloxacin were predicted successfully and only TiO<sub>2</sub> anatase exhibited phototoxicity in the cell-based approach. B[<em>a</em>]P showed the expected phototoxicity in contrast to B[<em>a</em>]P bound to carbon black. Upon UVA irradiation, only TiO<sub>2</sub> pigment anatase and PR 22 generated ROS in the cell-free assay. DLS measurements showed a high degree of polydispersity/agglomeration.</p><p>OECD Test Guideline 432 should be applied with an incubation time of 24 h when testing highly insoluble pigments. The <em>in chemico</em> ROS assay introduced below might serve as a quick screening test but may be further adapted to predict the <em>in vitro</em> outcome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666469024000241/pdfft?md5=b47da0e47ad9629d00621e816fca731a&pid=1-s2.0-S2666469024000241-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142041250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dedicated to Professor Kazuhiko Mizuno on the occasion of his 75th birthday celebration","authors":"Yasuharu Yoshimi , Hiroshi Ikeda , Shinsuke Takagi","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100248","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100248","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100248"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S266646902400023X/pdfft?md5=bb25e5fab0e2bccbe6190ca3298952d4&pid=1-s2.0-S266646902400023X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142172036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-07-25DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100247
Mario E. Guido
{"title":"Special issue \"chromophores and opsins: Physiological processes elicited by visible, ultraviolet and infrared light\"","authors":"Mario E. Guido","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100247","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"23 ","pages":"Article 100247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666469024000228/pdfft?md5=08aea0607e791991b7b3c34dd5c31840&pid=1-s2.0-S2666469024000228-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141854028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-01Epub Date: 2024-07-27DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100246
Giovanni Agati , M.Gabriela Lagorio
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Pub Date : 2024-08-01Epub Date: 2024-06-03DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100242
Lana Keet , Tandeka Magcwebeba , Stefan Abel , Ann Louw , Wentzel Gelderblom , Mariska Lilly
Exposure to Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can trigger a diverse array of biological responses that have the potential to contribute to the onset of skin cancer. Natural compounds, such as tea polyphenols, have been shown to protect against UVB-induced damage by modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cell proliferation. The chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory properties of South African rooibos (Aspalathus linearis) and honeybush (Cyclopia spp.) herbal teas have been shown to mainly target the early stages of cancer development through mechanisms that involve intracellular interleukin-1α (IL-1α) inhibition. Thus, the aim was to investigate the preventive effects of unfermented rooibos and honeybush aqueous extracts against UVB-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HaCaTs. Honeybush was found to reduce the accumulation of UVB-induced IL-1α while maintaining cell viability and without affecting apoptosis. Furthermore, only honeybush extract was able to decrease the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) caused by UVB exposure. Honeybush and rooibos extracts significantly decreased the secretion of UVB-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8). Except for rooibos extract at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, both extracts restored the expression of antioxidant genes to levels observed prior to UVB exposure. The anti-inflammatory effects of these herbal tea extracts are likely attributed to the antioxidant properties of their polyphenolic constituents, which modulate the oxidative stress-induced pathways governing inflammatory responses.
{"title":"Modulation of UVB-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in skin keratinocytes (HaCaT) utilising unfermented rooibos and honeybush aqueous extracts","authors":"Lana Keet , Tandeka Magcwebeba , Stefan Abel , Ann Louw , Wentzel Gelderblom , Mariska Lilly","doi":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jpap.2024.100242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Exposure to Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation can trigger a diverse array of biological responses that have the potential to contribute to the onset of skin cancer. Natural compounds, such as tea polyphenols, have been shown to protect against UVB-induced damage by modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cell proliferation. The chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory properties of South African rooibos (<em>Aspalathus linearis</em>) and honeybush (<em>Cyclopia spp</em>.) herbal teas have been shown to mainly target the early stages of cancer development through mechanisms that involve intracellular interleukin-1α (IL-1α) inhibition. Thus, the aim was to investigate the preventive effects of unfermented rooibos and honeybush aqueous extracts against UVB-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HaCaTs. Honeybush was found to reduce the accumulation of UVB-induced IL-1α while maintaining cell viability and without affecting apoptosis. Furthermore, only honeybush extract was able to decrease the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) caused by UVB exposure. Honeybush and rooibos extracts significantly decreased the secretion of UVB-induced interleukin-8 (IL-8). Except for rooibos extract at a concentration of 0.2 mg/mL, both extracts restored the expression of antioxidant genes to levels observed prior to UVB exposure. The anti-inflammatory effects of these herbal tea extracts are likely attributed to the antioxidant properties of their polyphenolic constituents, which modulate the oxidative stress-induced pathways governing inflammatory responses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":375,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology","volume":"22 ","pages":"Article 100242"},"PeriodicalIF":3.261,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666469024000174/pdfft?md5=5dcc7cbf4a6572f10748e8319e5fea35&pid=1-s2.0-S2666469024000174-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141276270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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