Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140173
Yanyun Sun , Huarui Zhang , Fuwei Wang , Ying Cheng , Shoubin Zhang , Rui Zhang , Hu Zhang
Turbine blades are critical hot-end engine components whose service performance relies heavily on the precision forming of their thin-walled structures. Conventional investment casting, however, often introduces defects such as shrinkage porosity and cavities, limiting mechanical properties and reliability. This study introduces a hybrid centrifugal-investment casting process. With a centrifugal force field applied at a pouring temperature of 1450 °C and mold temperature of 800 °C, successful complete filling of an ultra-thin (0.4 mm) blade was achieved. Results show that centrifugal casting markedly refines the microstructure: the blade root grain size decreased from4.1 ± 0.8 mm (gravity casting) to 0.57 ± 0.1 mm, and porosity dropped by ∼50%. The high-temperature fatigue performance improved significantly, with a 19.2% higher fatigue limit at 650 °C and nearly tenfold longer fatigue life under the same cyclic stress. This hybrid approach offers a scalable pathway toward next-generation high-performance turbine components.
{"title":"Enhanced fatigue life of IN713C turbine blades via centrifugal casting: A comparative study with investment casting","authors":"Yanyun Sun , Huarui Zhang , Fuwei Wang , Ying Cheng , Shoubin Zhang , Rui Zhang , Hu Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Turbine blades are critical hot-end engine components whose service performance relies heavily on the precision forming of their thin-walled structures. Conventional investment casting, however, often introduces defects such as shrinkage porosity and cavities, limiting mechanical properties and reliability. This study introduces a hybrid centrifugal-investment casting process. With a centrifugal force field applied at a pouring temperature of 1450 °C and mold temperature of 800 °C, successful complete filling of an ultra-thin (0.4 mm) blade was achieved. Results show that centrifugal casting markedly refines the microstructure: the blade root grain size decreased from4.1 ± 0.8 mm (gravity casting) to 0.57 ± 0.1 mm, and porosity dropped by ∼50%. The high-temperature fatigue performance improved significantly, with a 19.2% higher fatigue limit at 650 °C and nearly tenfold longer fatigue life under the same cyclic stress. This hybrid approach offers a scalable pathway toward next-generation high-performance turbine components.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This work presents novel approach for fabricating composite materials based on the Ti₃AlC2 MAX-phase, TiC and Al₂O₃, using preceramic papers as a starting material. Preceramic papers with different contents of Ti₃AlC2 and Al₂O₃ were produced. The composites were consolidated by spark plasma sintering at 1150 °C under a pressure of 50 MPa. The microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The dense composites (2% porosity) obtained at 30 wt% Al₂O₃ exhibit bending strength of 360 ± 30 MPa and hardness of 13.5 GPa. Increasing the Al₂O₃ content to 50 and 70 wt% results in higher porosity (12% and 25%), with bending strengths of 240 ± 20 MPa and 50 ± 5 MPa, and hardness values of 6.2 GPa and 5.3 GPa, respectively.
{"title":"Preceramic paper derived Ti3AlC2 – TiC – Al2O3 composites obtained via spark plasma sintering","authors":"Dmitriy Krotkevich , Anastasia Abdulmenova , Pavel Voevodin , Elizaveta Sedanova , Nahum Travitzky , Egor Kashkarov","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work presents novel approach for fabricating composite materials based on the Ti₃AlC<sub>2</sub> MAX-phase, TiC and Al₂O₃, using preceramic papers as a starting material. Preceramic papers with different contents of Ti₃AlC<sub>2</sub> and Al₂O₃ were produced. The composites were consolidated by spark plasma sintering at 1150 °C under a pressure of 50 MPa. The microstructure, phase composition and mechanical properties of the composites were studied. The dense composites (2% porosity) obtained at 30 wt% Al₂O₃ exhibit bending strength of 360 ± 30 MPa and hardness of 13.5 GPa. Increasing the Al₂O₃ content to 50 and 70 wt% results in higher porosity (12% and 25%), with bending strengths of 240 ± 20 MPa and 50 ± 5 MPa, and hardness values of 6.2 GPa and 5.3 GPa, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140124"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140198
Yuhong Sun , Yupeng Li , Wenbiao Gong , Wei Liu , Xiang Yu
This work examined how rotation speed influences the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the stir zone (SZ) in 430 ferritic stainless steel joined by friction stir welding (FSW). The findings show that a higher rotation speed improves the formation quality of the initial region of the welded joint, coarsens the SZ grains, reduces the fraction of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), and deteriorates corrosion resistance. At 500 rpm, the SZ achieved an average grain size of 3.8 μm and a self-corrosion current density of 1.367 × 10−7 A·cm−2, showing the most uniform microstructure and the optimal electrochemical performance. Lower rotation speed helps obtain a fine, uniform grain structure in the SZ, facilitating rapid formation of a dense passive film and improving corrosion resistance.
{"title":"Microstructure and electrochemical properties of the stir zone in 430 ferritic stainless steel governed by rotation speed","authors":"Yuhong Sun , Yupeng Li , Wenbiao Gong , Wei Liu , Xiang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work examined how rotation speed influences the microstructure and electrochemical properties of the stir zone (SZ) in 430 ferritic stainless steel joined by friction stir welding (FSW). The findings show that a higher rotation speed improves the formation quality of the initial region of the welded joint, coarsens the SZ grains, reduces the fraction of low-angle grain boundaries (LAGBs), and deteriorates corrosion resistance. At 500 rpm, the SZ achieved an average grain size of 3.8 μm and a self-corrosion current density of 1.367 × 10<sup>−7</sup> A·cm<sup>−2</sup>, showing the most uniform microstructure and the optimal electrochemical performance. Lower rotation speed helps obtain a fine, uniform grain structure in the SZ, facilitating rapid formation of a dense passive film and improving corrosion resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LiNiVO₄, a spinel oxide with redox-active metal centres, is known for its chemical stability and multifunctionality. In this study, the LiNiVO₄ based electrode shows a high electrochemically active surface area (Cdl = 1.26 mF cm−2), indicating abundant active sites and efficient ion accessibility. It demonstrates bifunctional electrocatalytic activity with overpotentials of 339 mV and 140 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER and HER, with corresponding Tafel slopes of 65 and 284 mV dec−1, conforming to favourable redox kinetics. Furthermore, the antibacterial and cell viability study showed no antibacterial inhibition and high cell viability (98.17% and 69.10% at 4 mg and 8 mg), which is attributed to its chemically stable and non-toxic surface. These results highlight LiNiVO₄ as a promising material for sustainable energy and bio-interface applications.
{"title":"Spinel LiNiVO₄ contorted submicron spheres with dual electrochemical and biocompatible functions","authors":"Gunasekaran Subramani , Santhana Vedi , Sivakumar Periyasamy , Divakar Panneerselvam , Sudeshna Aruchamy , Mohammed Mujahid Alam , Mohamed Hussien , Subbarao Tadury Madhukar , Thangaraju Dheivasigamani","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140182","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140182","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>LiNiVO₄, a spinel oxide with redox-active metal centres, is known for its chemical stability and multifunctionality. In this study, the LiNiVO₄ based electrode shows a high electrochemically active surface area (C<sub>dl</sub> = 1.26 mF cm<sup>−2</sup>), indicating abundant active sites and efficient ion accessibility. It demonstrates bifunctional electrocatalytic activity with overpotentials of 339 mV and 140 mV at 10 mA cm<sup>−2</sup> for OER and HER, with corresponding Tafel slopes of 65 and 284 mV dec<sup>−1</sup>, conforming to favourable redox kinetics. Furthermore, the antibacterial and cell viability study showed no antibacterial inhibition and high cell viability (98.17% and 69.10% at 4 mg and 8 mg), which is attributed to its chemically stable and non-toxic surface. These results highlight LiNiVO₄ as a promising material for sustainable energy and bio-interface applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This letter investigated the influence of copper (Cu) solute content on the uni-axial tensile behaviour of bicrystal nickel (Ni) containing a pre-existing special faceted Σ3 [111] 60° {11 8 5} grain boundary (GB) using molecular dynamics simulations approach. Herein, the bicrystalline Ni (containing a faceted GB in conjunction with three sets of Shockley partial dislocations) was randomly alloyed with varying Cu contents, and subjected to uni-axial tensile loading at different temperatures (100, 300 and 500 K) and strain rates (1e8, 1e9 and 1e10 s−1). Results revealed that the incipient plasticity phenomenon occurred primarily at a combination of lower Cu concentrations, temperatures and strain rates. In addition, lower Cu content incorporation promoted uni-directional GB migration, with incoherent twin boundary tips serving as the nucleation sites for stacking faults. Interestingly, at cryogenic temperature and lower strain rate, the higher Cu solute system exhibited negligible GB migration compared to the lower Cu solute system. Additionally, at a lower solute content of 2 atomic (at.) % Cu, both intrinsic and extrinsic stacking faults emerged from the top of the incoherent twin boundary; however, at 10 at.% Cu content, only extrinsic stacking faults emerged. At an even higher Cu concentration of 50 at.%, the intrinsic stacking faults nucleated from within the grain domain, highlighting the distinctive response of this special GB. These insights highlight the critical role of alloying in tailoring GB-mediated plasticity in Ni-based systems.
{"title":"Exploring faceted grain boundary dynamics and its mechanical deformation under tensile loading in NiCu alloy","authors":"T.L. Dora , Nitin Kishore Rawat , Sandeep Kumar Singh , Radha Raman Mishra , Akarsh Verma","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This letter investigated the influence of copper (Cu) solute content on the uni-axial tensile behaviour of bicrystal nickel (Ni) containing a pre-existing special faceted Σ3 [111] 60° {11 8 5} grain boundary (GB) using molecular dynamics simulations approach. Herein, the bicrystalline Ni (containing a faceted GB in conjunction with three sets of Shockley partial dislocations) was randomly alloyed with varying Cu contents, and subjected to uni-axial tensile loading at different temperatures (100, 300 and 500 K) and strain rates (1e8, 1e9 and 1e10 s<sup>−1</sup>). Results revealed that the incipient plasticity phenomenon occurred primarily at a combination of lower Cu concentrations, temperatures and strain rates. In addition, lower Cu content incorporation promoted uni-directional GB migration, with incoherent twin boundary tips serving as the nucleation sites for stacking faults. Interestingly, at cryogenic temperature and lower strain rate, the higher Cu solute system exhibited negligible GB migration compared to the lower Cu solute system. Additionally, at a lower solute content of 2 atomic (at.) % Cu, both intrinsic and extrinsic stacking faults emerged from the top of the incoherent twin boundary; however, at 10 at.% Cu content, only extrinsic stacking faults emerged. At an even higher Cu concentration of 50 at.%, the intrinsic stacking faults nucleated from within the grain domain, highlighting the distinctive response of this special GB. These insights highlight the critical role of alloying in tailoring GB-mediated plasticity in Ni-based systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140177"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140161
Mahdi Jafari Mohammadabadi , Saman Nemat , Gholam Reza Khayati , Ali Reza Hashemi , Hadi Memarzadeh
Precise control of dissolved oxygen in molten copper is essential for producing high-purity copper with superior electrical and mechanical properties. Conventional wood-poling, although simple, suffers from low efficiency, unstable kinetics, and considerable environmental drawbacks. Herein, Na2CO3 is introduced as a sustainable and highly efficient deoxidizing agent. The mechanism involves thermally activated decomposition of Na2CO3 in the presence of Cu2O, leading to the formation of a stable Na2O·Cu2O slag and the release of CO2 gas. Experimental results at 1200 °C showed that adding only 3 g of Na2CO3 reduced oxygen concentration from 500 ppm to a stable 180 ppm, comparable to the effect of 7 g of wood in the conventional process. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses confirmed that Cu2O strongly promotes Na2CO3 decomposition, while the evolved CO2 significantly enhances mass transfer and stabilizes the deoxidation process. This Na2CO3-based approach offers markedly higher efficiency, superior process stability, and drastically lower environmental impact, perfectly aligning with the principles of green metallurgy.
{"title":"An innovative method for the efficient deoxidation of molten copper and an analysis of the Na2CO3 synergistic kinetic mechanism toward green metallurgy","authors":"Mahdi Jafari Mohammadabadi , Saman Nemat , Gholam Reza Khayati , Ali Reza Hashemi , Hadi Memarzadeh","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precise control of dissolved oxygen in molten copper is essential for producing high-purity copper with superior electrical and mechanical properties. Conventional wood-poling, although simple, suffers from low efficiency, unstable kinetics, and considerable environmental drawbacks. Herein, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> is introduced as a sustainable and highly efficient deoxidizing agent. The mechanism involves thermally activated decomposition of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> in the presence of Cu<sub>2</sub>O, leading to the formation of a stable Na<sub>2</sub>O·Cu<sub>2</sub>O slag and the release of CO<sub>2</sub> gas. Experimental results at 1200 °C showed that adding only 3 g of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> reduced oxygen concentration from 500 ppm to a stable 180 ppm, comparable to the effect of 7 g of wood in the conventional process. Thermodynamic and kinetic analyses confirmed that Cu<sub>2</sub>O strongly promotes Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> decomposition, while the evolved CO<sub>2</sub> significantly enhances mass transfer and stabilizes the deoxidation process. This Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-based approach offers markedly higher efficiency, superior process stability, and drastically lower environmental impact, perfectly aligning with the principles of green metallurgy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140161"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140120
Yulia Venti Yoanita , Indra Perdana , Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun , Budi Arifvianto , Muslim Mahardika
The rapid growth in lithium-ion battery (LIB) consumption has resulted in increasing volumes of end-of-life cells, raising environmental and safety concerns. Recycling is regarded as an effective solution to this challenge. This study examines the effect of thermal pre-treatment temperature on the flexural behavior of waste 18650-type cylindrical LIBs, aiming to identify suitable conditions for enhancing comminution during recycling. Prior to testing, all LIBs were heat-treated at 320, 400, and 480 °C for 15 min. Results showed that higher heat-treatment temperatures systematically reduced flexural strength and stiffness, while increasing bending angle and crack depth. Treatment at 480 °C is recommended for optimal mechanical weakening with material preservation.
{"title":"The effects of thermal pre-treatment on flexural behavior of Lithium-ion battery waste for recycling applications","authors":"Yulia Venti Yoanita , Indra Perdana , Muhammad Akhsin Muflikhun , Budi Arifvianto , Muslim Mahardika","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth in lithium-ion battery (LIB) consumption has resulted in increasing volumes of end-of-life cells, raising environmental and safety concerns. Recycling is regarded as an effective solution to this challenge. This study examines the effect of thermal pre-treatment temperature on the flexural behavior of waste 18650-type cylindrical LIBs, aiming to identify suitable conditions for enhancing comminution during recycling. Prior to testing, all LIBs were heat-treated at 320, 400, and 480 °C for 15 min. Results showed that higher heat-treatment temperatures systematically reduced flexural strength and stiffness, while increasing bending angle and crack depth. Treatment at 480 °C is recommended for optimal mechanical weakening with material preservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140120"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems, heat exchangers, and solar collectors can achieve an improved thermal performance upon utilising nanofluids, which consist of suspended nanoparticles in a fluid. In this study, the thermal conductivity (TC) of a water based nanofluid (MWCNT in DI water) has been discussed as a function of MWCNT concentration (0.05–0.25 vol%) and operating temperature (20–60 °C). At 60 °C, nanofluid exhibited the highest TC i.e., 0.77 W/mK (28.3% enhancement) with 0.25 vol% MWCNT. Further a mathematical correlation has also been developed (±2% standard deviation) to predict the TC of MWCNT-based nanofluids as a function of MWCNT concentration and operating temperature. The correlations can be used to predict TC of MWCNT based nanofluids in designing solar collectors and heat exchangers.
{"title":"Augmentation of thermal conductivity of MWCNT based nanofluid and its correlation study","authors":"Gaurav Bharadwaj , Aayush Gupta , Kamal Sharma , Adarsh Kumar Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photovoltaic/thermal (PV/T) systems, heat exchangers, and solar collectors can achieve an improved thermal performance upon utilising nanofluids, which consist of suspended nanoparticles in a fluid. In this study, the thermal conductivity (TC) of a water based nanofluid (MWCNT in DI water) has been discussed as a function of MWCNT concentration (0.05–0.25 vol%) and operating temperature (20–60 °C). At 60 °C, nanofluid exhibited the highest TC i.e., 0.77 W/mK (28.3% enhancement) with 0.25 vol% MWCNT. Further a mathematical correlation has also been developed (±2% standard deviation) to predict the TC of MWCNT-based nanofluids as a function of MWCNT concentration and operating temperature. The correlations can be used to predict TC of MWCNT based nanofluids in designing solar collectors and heat exchangers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140186
Vinay Raj, Mrityunjay Singh Chauhan, Sunder Lal Pal
This work reports a concise and rapid synthesis of SCB@PA (H₃PO₄-activated SCB) and SCB@PA + CuO (CuO-impregnated SCB@PA) for the remediation of Cr(VI), which poses serious environmental and health risks. Characterization techniques including BET, FTIR, SEM-EDS, and XRD, confirm the enhanced porosity, introduction of oxygenated groups, and successful CuO loading. Under optimized conditions pH 2, 2.5 g/L dosage, 8 h, and 30 °C, SCB@PA + CuO achieves 95.5% Cr(VI) removal efficiency, over SCB@PA (82.6%) and raw sugarcane bagasse (70.2%), due to synergistic electrostatic attraction on protonated functional groups and CuO-mediated complexation underlie superior performance. This study demonstrates a low-cost, eco-friendly route for Cr(VI) remediation, aligning with circular-economy principles.
{"title":"High-efficiency Cr(VI) remediation via CuO-mediated synergy in H₃PO₄-activated sugarcane bagasse: A comparative study","authors":"Vinay Raj, Mrityunjay Singh Chauhan, Sunder Lal Pal","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work reports a concise and rapid synthesis of SCB@PA (H₃PO₄-activated SCB) and SCB@PA + CuO (CuO-impregnated SCB@PA) for the remediation of Cr(VI), which poses serious environmental and health risks. Characterization techniques including BET, FTIR, SEM-EDS, and XRD, confirm the enhanced porosity, introduction of oxygenated groups, and successful CuO loading. Under optimized conditions pH 2, 2.5 g/L dosage, 8 h, and 30 °C, SCB@PA + CuO achieves 95.5% Cr(VI) removal efficiency, over SCB@PA (82.6%) and raw sugarcane bagasse (70.2%), due to synergistic electrostatic attraction on protonated functional groups and CuO-mediated complexation underlie superior performance. This study demonstrates a low-cost, eco-friendly route for Cr(VI) remediation, aligning with circular-economy principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-04-15Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140202
Akihiro Shimamoto , Keiko Kato , Takeyasu Saito
Dry surface hydrophilization of fluoropolymers was investigated using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation in ethanol vapor (VUV/ethanol treatment). The test materials were polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), and perfluoroalkoxy alkane copolymer (PFA). The initial water contact angles of all three polymers exceeded 100° but fell to below 40° after 120 s of VUV/ethanol treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed no significant surface morphological changes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirmed surface defluorination and formation of hydrophilic functional groups, including hydroxy (OH) and carbonyl (C=O). These results demonstrate that VUV/ethanol treatment enhances surface wettability and may improve the adhesion properties of all fluoropolymers.
{"title":"Surface hydrophilization of fluoropolymers by vacuum ultraviolet irradiation in ethanol vapor","authors":"Akihiro Shimamoto , Keiko Kato , Takeyasu Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.matlet.2026.140202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dry surface hydrophilization of fluoropolymers was investigated using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation in ethanol vapor (VUV/ethanol treatment). The test materials were polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP), and perfluoroalkoxy alkane copolymer (PFA). The initial water contact angles of all three polymers exceeded 100° but fell to below 40° after 120 s of VUV/ethanol treatment. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed no significant surface morphological changes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) confirmed surface defluorination and formation of hydrophilic functional groups, including hydroxy (OH) and carbonyl (C=O). These results demonstrate that VUV/ethanol treatment enhances surface wettability and may improve the adhesion properties of all fluoropolymers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":384,"journal":{"name":"Materials Letters","volume":"409 ","pages":"Article 140202"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146171378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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