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Flame Speed and Laminar Burning Velocity in Syngas/Air Mixtures: A Review 合成气/空气混合物中火焰速度和层流燃烧速度的研究进展
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18280/i2m.210302
S. H. Mahdi, Z. Al-Dulaimi
Flame speed and laminar burning velocity (LBV) are important properties of fuel combustion. Both have an impact on how combustion systems are designed and operated. As a result, understanding how LBV and flame speed fluctuate as a function of thermodynamic conditions is critical for understanding the impact of practical applications in all combustion systems. Working pressures and temperatures are far higher than those found in the environment. Several studies on flame speed and LBV have been conducted. This study, however, includes a thorough literature analysis of approaches and procedures used to measure these two parameters, as well as the effects of operational factors for various fuels, with a focus on biofuels, for the sake of review simplicity.
火焰速度和层流燃烧速度(LBV)是燃料燃烧的重要特性。两者都对燃烧系统的设计和操作产生影响。因此,了解LBV和火焰速度如何随热力学条件波动,对于理解所有燃烧系统实际应用的影响至关重要。工作压力和温度远远高于环境中的温度。对火焰速度和LBV进行了一些研究。然而,本研究包括对用于测量这两个参数的方法和程序的全面文献分析,以及对各种燃料的操作因素的影响,为了简化审查,重点是生物燃料。
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引用次数: 0
Study of Polymeric Composite Reinforced with Natural Particles: Measurement and Evaluation 天然颗粒增强聚合物复合材料的研究:测量与评价
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18280/i2m.210304
J. K. Oleiwi, R. S. Hadi
Natural particles and their composites are important in materials science, where a significant attentiveness is being displayed in the usage of natural particles as reinforcement in polymer composites. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of the walnut shell particles as reinforcing fillers in a matrix composite. So, the amount composite examples were advanced through varying the percentage by weight of filler (3, 5, 7, and 9%) in an epoxy and unsaturated polyester polymer. Composite samples were mechanically characterized by tensile tests, flexural tests, hardness tests, and the Izod impact test. The tensile strength and impact strength of epoxy resin were increased after adding organic waste filler. The highest values of tensile strength and impact strength happened at 7% wt. The flexural strength and hardness of shore D increased with the percentage of walnut shell particles. The highest values of flexural strength and hardness were found at 9% wt. The results show that the mechanical properties of epoxy composite are better than the mechanical properties of unsaturated polyester composite when walnut shell particles are added.
天然颗粒及其复合材料在材料科学中具有重要的意义,在材料科学中,使用天然颗粒作为聚合物复合材料的增强材料受到了极大的关注。本研究的目的是探讨核桃壳颗粒作为增强填料在基复合材料中的作用。因此,通过改变填料的重量百分比(3,5,7和9%)在环氧树脂和不饱和聚酯聚合物中的数量复合实例。通过拉伸试验、弯曲试验、硬度试验和Izod冲击试验对复合材料样品进行了力学表征。添加有机废弃物填料后,环氧树脂的抗拉强度和抗冲击强度均有所提高。抗拉强度和冲击强度在7% wt时达到最大值。shore D的抗折强度和硬度随核桃壳颗粒含量的增加而增加。结果表明,加入核桃壳颗粒后,环氧复合材料的力学性能优于不饱和聚酯复合材料。
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of the ERA5 Wave Forecasting Dataset Against Buoy Record ERA5波浪预报数据集与浮标记录的比较
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18280/i2m.210301
G. Cervelli, Luca Parrinello, Claudio Moscoloni, G. Giorgi
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引用次数: 2
Design of a Thickness Sensor Based on a One-Dimensional Phononic Crystal 基于一维声子晶体的厚度传感器的设计
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18280/i2m.210303
A. Kahlouche, M. Bouras, A. Hocini
Nowadays, sensor technology has attracted great interest in various domains. In this ‎work, we have analyzed a one dimensional phononic crystal made by the stack of N bilayers of ‎‎(LiNbO3/SiO2). The sensor design consists of a one dimensional phononic crystal structure with a ‎defect layer inserted in the middle. Using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), the transmission ‎spectrums of acoustic waves are calculated and plotted. In this work, we are interested in the ‎resonance peak that is transmitted inside the phononic band gap. The results obtained show clearly that the resonant frequency of the measured ‎transmission peak is very sensitive to the layer defect properties. This proves that such structure offers a new platform for sensing ‎applications.
如今,传感器技术已经引起了各个领域的极大兴趣。在这项工作中,我们分析了由N层双层LiNbO3/SiO2堆叠而成的一维声子晶体。该传感器由一维声子晶体结构组成,中间插入缺陷层。利用传递矩阵法(TMM)计算并绘制了声波的透射谱。在这项工作中,我们感兴趣的是在声子带隙内传输的共振峰。结果表明,测量到的透射峰谐振频率对层缺陷特性非常敏感。这证明了这种结构为传感应用提供了一个新的平台。
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引用次数: 0
A portable device based on an electrical conductivity sensor for the detection of monosodium glutamate (MSG) in soupy foods 一种基于电导率传感器的便携式装置,用于检测汤类食品中的味精
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-30 DOI: 10.18280/i2m.210305
A. Yudhana, Retnosyari Septiyani, I. Mufandi, Phisca Aditya Rosyady, Muhammad Fahri Husein, Lutfi Ihza Mahendra Abdullatif
In everyday life, food is made with various taste images, including the savory taste obtained from monosodium glutamate (MSG). Although it is allowed as a food ingredient, excessive use of MSG and continuous consumption will have adverse effects on health. The effects of consuming MSG excessively on the body's organs include brain, ovarian, testicular, liver, kidney, heart, and respiratory disorders. MSG detection using technology is needed to control the consumption of MSG in the body. Hence, this study was focused on creating a portable device for detecting monosodium glutamate (MSG) in soupy foods: meatball soup and chicken soup. 3 mg of MSG was applied to each solution sample and four MSG brands, including SS, MW, AM, and MR. The concept of this prototype is based on the conductivity value and total dissolved solids (TDS) in the MSG solution. These solutions can produce an electrolyte because there is a sodium salt content in the MSG solution and water. The electrolyte solution can conduct electricity. An electrical conductivity sensor was installed in this prototype and these sensors included two electrode plates, a positive electrode (anode) and a negative electrode (cathode) with a distance of ± 1 cm. The conductivity sensor begins by starting a sensor into an electrolyte solution and, given an electric voltage input, changes to the value of the electric voltage. The sensor can be read and detect the MSG level in the solution. Then, the data are received and recorded in the DRF analog which is to process the signal from the sensor into analog form, and the data is sent to the Arduino Nano as a microcontroller. From the experiment result, the average conductivity value and TDS value of meatball soup are 21.98 mS and 7.91 Mg/I, while the average conductivity value and TDS value of Chicken Soto are 16.92 mS and 6.08 mg/I. This prototype was successfully created and implemented for the MSG detection in soupy foods.
在日常生活中,食物是由各种味道图像制成的,包括从味精中获得的咸味。尽管它被允许作为一种食品配料,但过量使用味精和持续食用会对健康产生不利影响。过量食用味精对身体器官的影响包括大脑、卵巢、睾丸、肝脏、肾脏、心脏和呼吸系统疾病。需要使用MSG检测技术来控制MSG在体内的消耗。因此,这项研究的重点是创造一种便携式设备,用于检测肉丸汤和鸡汤中的味精。将3mg MSG应用于每个溶液样品和四个MSG品牌,包括SS、MW、AM和MR。该原型的概念基于MSG溶液中的电导率值和总溶解固体(TDS)。这些溶液可以产生电解质,因为MSG溶液和水中含有钠盐。电解质溶液可以导电。该原型中安装了一个电导率传感器,这些传感器包括两个电极板,一个正极(阳极)和一个负极(阴极),距离为±1cm。电导率传感器首先将传感器启动到电解质溶液中,并在给定电压输入的情况下,改变电压值。传感器可以读取并检测溶液中的MSG水平。然后,数据被接收并记录在DRF模拟中,DRF模拟将来自传感器的信号处理成模拟形式,数据被发送到作为微控制器的Arduino Nano。从实验结果来看,肉丸汤的平均电导率值和TDS值分别为21.98 mS和7.91 Mg/I,而鸡肉Soto的平均电导率和TDS值则分别为16.92 mS和6.08 Mg/I。该原型已成功创建并用于检测糊状食品中的味精。
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引用次数: 0
Investigation of Using Physical Optical Reflectivity Probes in Evaluating and Monitoring Powder Mixtures of Sugar and Slag 物理光学反射率探针在糖渣混合粉末评价与监测中的应用研究
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.18280/i2m.210202
M. Ahmida, A. Elmaryami, Farag Gait Abelrahman Boukhrias, Ahmed M. Ahmed El Menshaz
A preliminary investigation of some factors which can affect the reflected light intensity from granular and icing sugar has been carried out using an end viewing hemispherical tip probe. It is found that the reflectance is strongly dependent on the size range of the sugar particles, with the finer particles being more reflective. This property could be very useful in monitoring segregation in mixtures of mono-colored powders having different size distributions. Force applied to the probe will also affect the intensity readings. A layered mixture of sugar and slag powder was used to compare the sampling performance of the above probe with a side viewing wedge tip probe. Calibration curves for reflected light intensity versus percent slag concentration are obtained for two types of slag.
使用端视半球尖端探针对影响颗粒糖和糖霜反射光强度的一些因素进行了初步研究。研究发现,反射率强烈依赖于糖颗粒的尺寸范围,较细的颗粒更具反射性。这种性质在监测具有不同尺寸分布的单色粉末混合物中的偏析方面可能非常有用。施加在探头上的力也会影响强度读数。使用糖和矿渣粉末的分层混合物来比较上述探针与侧视楔形尖端探针的采样性能。获得了两种类型炉渣的反射光强度与炉渣浓度百分比的校准曲线。
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引用次数: 3
Development of Biosensors for Ethanol Gas Detection 乙醇气体检测用生物传感器的研制
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.18280/i2m.210203
Mekhala Insawang, Kongphope Chaarmart, T. Seetawan
This work developed a biosensor for the measurement of ethanol gas in the air. The biosensors were synthesized by mixing signal layer materials containing SiO2 and polyimide (PI) substrates using the enzyme Alcohol Dehydrogenase (ADH) and coenzyme Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+) as a biosensor. The electrodes were coated on biosensors by DC magnetron sputtering method for test the response performance of the developed biosensors. The ADH/NAD+ was immobilized on the Ag electrode by Glutaric dialaehyde 25 wt. % cross-linking procedure. It was found that, alcohol biosensors can be exhibited sensing ethanol gas at even low concentrations from 300 ppb to very high concentrations up to 1900 ppm, response time 3 s, recovery times 1-2 minutes and good sensitivity. The SiO2 substrate has excellent, which provides significant advantages for wearable electronic device that compact, easy to use and reduce direct contact with alcoholics. The alcohol biosensors can adoption in next generation to other electronic devices, because easy to integrate, such as a module alcohol biosensor with wireless or the fabrication of the RCL circuit. Furthermore, the alcohol biosensors based on SiO2/Ag/ADH, PI/Ag/ADH is artificial intelligence strategy for stable practical wearable electronic devices.
这项工作开发了一种用于测量空气中乙醇气体的生物传感器。以乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)和辅酶烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)为生物传感器,将含有SiO2和聚酰亚胺(PI)底物的信号层材料混合制备生物传感器。采用直流磁控溅射法将电极涂覆在生物传感器上,测试所研制的生物传感器的响应性能。采用戊二醛25wt . %交联法将ADH/NAD+固定在Ag电极上。结果表明,酒精生物传感器可以在低浓度(300 ppb)到高浓度(1900 ppm)的乙醇气体中检测乙醇气体,响应时间3 s,恢复时间1-2分钟,具有良好的灵敏度。SiO2基板具有优异的性能,为可穿戴电子设备提供了紧凑、易于使用和减少与酒精直接接触的显著优势。由于易于集成,下一代酒精生物传感器可以应用于其他电子设备,如无线酒精生物传感器模块或RCL电路的制造。此外,基于SiO2/Ag/ADH、PI/Ag/ADH的酒精生物传感器是稳定实用的可穿戴电子设备的人工智能策略。
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引用次数: 0
An Application of Multi-Frequency Alternating Current Source for VES on Soil Resistivity Measurement and Investigation VES多频交流电源在土壤电阻率测量和调查中的应用
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.18280/i2m.210206
P. Hakaew, Piyapat Panmuang, P. Prabpal, C. Photong
This paper is present an application of multi-frequency alternating current source that can be adjust the frequency from 1 Hz to 1 kHz for vertical electrical sounding (VES) on soil resistivity investigations. Researchers have used the four-point electrodes array method for resistivity method in laboratory and field trial of soil resistivity measurements. The result in laboratory found that in each frequency of current source has significate influence on the homogeneous soil resistivity. It was shown that the implemented equipment can be used to measure the soil resistivity as required. In field trial the soil resistivity was investigated by the implemented equipment feeding the rectangular wave current through two current electrodes on the subsurface soil which embedded in the non-homogeneous soil in the field work. The current source can be scaled and frequency adjusted at 50 Hz, 100 Hz, 200 Hz, 500 Hz and 1 kHz, respectively. The subsurface field have repeated tests 30 times in each frequency by compared with standard resistivity measurement equipment. The result found that the non-homogeneous apparent soil resistivity can be investigated and at the frequency of 100 Hz is close to the standard tool.
本文介绍了1 ~ 1khz频率可调的多频交流电源在土壤电阻率垂直电测深中的应用。研究人员将四点电极阵列法应用于土壤电阻率测量的实验室和田间试验。室内实验结果发现,各电流源频率对均匀土电阻率有显著影响。试验结果表明,所研制的仪器可以满足土壤电阻率测量的要求。在田间试验中,采用该装置在埋入非均质土壤的地下土壤上通过两个电流电极馈送矩形波电流,对土壤电阻率进行了测量。电流源可以分别在50hz, 100hz, 200hz, 500hz和1khz进行缩放和频率调节。与标准电阻率测量设备相比,地下场在每个频率重复测试30次。结果表明,该方法可以测量非均匀土壤视电阻率,且在100 Hz频率下与标准工具接近。
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引用次数: 0
Increasing the Level of Management Efficiency: Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Monitoring Pasture Lands 提高管理效率:使用无人机监测牧场
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.18280/i2m.210204
Dastan T. Janteliyev, Tair D. Julamanov, Bekzat Rsymbetov, Azamat Kaldybekov, Yulduz Allaberganova
Increasing the level of efficiency of land use management of pasture lands is one of the most important modern problems in the context of the agro-industrial policy of Kazakhstan. Using the method of content analysis of scientific literature, the authors analyze the utilization state of the unmanned aerial vehicles in agriculture, as well as the possibilities of their use for monitoring pasture lands. The authors assess the possible economic benefit of using this technology for land management. To assess the feasibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles for monitoring pasture lands, a SWOT analysis is conducted. The results of the study allow concluding that using unmanned aerial vehicles for monitoring pasture lands leads to an increase in the level of land use management by providing a wide range of opportunities and achieving an economic benefit for all agricultural production entities.
提高牧场土地利用管理的效率是哈萨克斯坦农产工业政策中最重要的现代问题之一。采用科学文献内容分析的方法,分析了无人机在农业中的使用状况,以及无人机用于牧场监测的可能性。作者评估了使用这项技术进行土地管理可能带来的经济效益。为了评估使用无人机监测牧场的可行性,进行了SWOT分析。研究结果表明,使用无人机监测牧场可以为所有农业生产实体提供广泛的机会并实现经济效益,从而提高土地利用管理水平。
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引用次数: 3
New Statistical Test to Determine the Best Model for Forecasting Water Discharge Data: Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in Iraq as a Study Case 确定最佳排水数据预测模型的新统计检验——以伊拉克底格里斯河和幼发拉底河为例
Q3 Engineering Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.18280/i2m.210205
A. Naser, W. A. Abidalla
In this research, the time series were analysed for four gauges (Mosul, Baghdad, Kut, and Husayabah) using autoregressive (AR) models with constant and periodic autoregressive coefficients. It was found that the best model for Mosul, Baghdad, and Husaybah gauges is AR (2) with periodic autoregressive coefficients, while the best model for the Kut gauge was AR (2) with constant autoregressive coefficients. The test was also suggested to determine the most appropriate model based on the values of autocorrelation of residuals (independent normal variable) and it was compared with the drawings of correlograms of autocorrelation of residuals rk(ξ) and with two tests: the AIC test and the portmanteau lack test. It was concluded that the suggested test was more accurate and more reliable.
在这项研究中,使用具有常数和周期自回归系数的自回归(AR)模型分析了四个仪表(摩苏尔、巴格达、库特和胡萨亚巴)的时间序列。研究发现,Mosul、巴格达和Husaybah规范的最佳模型是具有周期自回归系数的AR(2),而Kut规范的最佳模式是具有恒定自回归系数。还建议根据残差自相关值(独立正态变量)确定最合适的模型,并将其与残差自相关图rk(ξ)和两种测试进行比较:AIC测试和组合缺失测试。得出的结论是,建议的测试更准确、更可靠。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Instrumentation Mesure Metrologie
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