Pub Date : 2026-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100663
Pengzhan Liu, Ziqian Qi, Ziqi Ye, Kang Fu, Jiabin Yan, Ziping Cao, Fan Shi, Yongjin Wang
Monolithic optoelectronic systems utilize light for on-chip data transmission, emerging as a core technology to boost the computing capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) chips while cutting down their energy consumption. Gallium nitride (GaN) materials exhibit exceptional optoelectronic properties, enabling light emission, modulation, and detection functionalities. The monolithic integration of electronic and photonic components onto a single GaN chip is a pivotal step toward developing low-power, high-efficiency computing architectures, and serves as a foundational technology for next-generation integrated optoelectronic systems operating in the ultraviolet and visible bands. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent advancements in the monolithic integration of GaN-based devices and components over the past few years.
{"title":"Monolithic optoelectronic system on GaN: theory, device, and network","authors":"Pengzhan Liu, Ziqian Qi, Ziqi Ye, Kang Fu, Jiabin Yan, Ziping Cao, Fan Shi, Yongjin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100663","url":null,"abstract":"Monolithic optoelectronic systems utilize light for on-chip data transmission, emerging as a core technology to boost the computing capabilities of artificial intelligence (AI) chips while cutting down their energy consumption. Gallium nitride (GaN) materials exhibit exceptional optoelectronic properties, enabling light emission, modulation, and detection functionalities. The monolithic integration of electronic and photonic components onto a single GaN chip is a pivotal step toward developing low-power, high-efficiency computing architectures, and serves as a foundational technology for next-generation integrated optoelectronic systems operating in the ultraviolet and visible bands. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent advancements in the monolithic integration of GaN-based devices and components over the past few years.","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149274799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100662
Xiaoyu Guo, Chang Jae Roh, Youngjun Ahn
{"title":"Symmetry-Resolved Second Harmonic Generation in Quantum and Functional Materials","authors":"Xiaoyu Guo, Chang Jae Roh, Youngjun Ahn","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100662","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":11.7,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149232233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-07-01Epub Date: 2026-06-11DOI: 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100632
Amdad Chowdury, Dawn T.H. Tan
Optical rogue waves – extreme, spontaneous intensity bursts – have captivated researchers for over a decade due to their dramatic manifestation in nonlinear fiber systems and their profound implications for optical communication, sensing, and fundamental physics. While their formation in optical fibers is well understood, the emergence and control of such extreme events in photonic integrated circuits remain an open challenge. In this article, we trace the evolution of optical rogue wave research from traditional fiber-based platforms to modern integrated photonic systems. We review key physical mechanisms that govern rogue wave generation in optical fibers. We then examine how these mechanisms are translated – or fundamentally altered – within integrated platforms, creating opportunities and challenges for ongoing research endeavors. Highlighting recent theoretical and experimental progress, we identify unique opportunities and constraints of chip-based environments, particularly in dispersion engineering, nonlinear enhancement, and spatiotemporal control. We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on the future of rogue wave research in integrated photonics, emphasizing its potential for on-chip ultrafast optics, optical computing, and extreme event control in scalable systems.
{"title":"Optical rogue waves: History, perspectives and the quest toward implementation in integrated photonics","authors":"Amdad Chowdury, Dawn T.H. Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Optical rogue waves – extreme, spontaneous intensity bursts – have captivated researchers for over a decade due to their dramatic manifestation in nonlinear fiber systems and their profound implications for optical communication, sensing, and fundamental physics. While their formation in optical fibers is well understood, the emergence and control of such extreme events in photonic integrated circuits remain an open challenge. In this article, we trace the evolution of optical rogue wave research from traditional fiber-based platforms to modern integrated photonic systems. We review key physical mechanisms that govern rogue wave generation in optical fibers. We then examine how these mechanisms are translated – or fundamentally altered – within integrated platforms, creating opportunities and challenges for ongoing research endeavors. Highlighting recent theoretical and experimental progress, we identify unique opportunities and constraints of chip-based environments, particularly in dispersion engineering, nonlinear enhancement, and spatiotemporal control. We conclude with a forward-looking perspective on the future of rogue wave research in integrated photonics, emphasizing its potential for on-chip ultrafast optics, optical computing, and extreme event control in scalable systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"108 ","pages":"Article 100632"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148287647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100613
Jiahao Joel Fan , Xiu-Hao Deng , Zhedong Zhang
Classical light such as lasers and thermal radiation has long been utilized for spectroscopy to explore material structures and dynamics. However, quantum states of light open new avenues for ultrafast optics and spectroscopy, by the variation of their unique properties, e.g., entanglement and photon statistics, after interacting with materials. Quantum light possesses unique characteristics that distinguish it from classical light, particularly the phase-space distribution which reflects its fundamental quantum statistics and the quantum control protocol that may take advantage of noise reduction. This Review will focus on spectroscopic applications using entangled photons and squeezed light, in conjunction with quantum coherent control. We provide a brief introduction to the generation of the entangled and squeezed light, discussing their fundamental properties and connections to the control protocol that may enhance spectroscopic techniques. A microscopic theory for the spectroscopy and corresponding signals induced by certain transition processes is developed. Nonlinear optical signals induced by entangled photons for the coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectra (CARS) and the stimulated Raman spectra (SRS) are investigated. We further extend our efforts to the transient absorption process that enables real-time monitoring of the exciton transfer in the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), namely, using the WS monolayer. This series of works on nonlinear optical spectroscopy using quantum light explicitly demonstrates the quantum supremacy in ultrafast spectroscopy through jointly enhancing the time and energy scales beyond the classical bound.
{"title":"Ultrafast optical spectroscopy with quantum light and quantum control","authors":"Jiahao Joel Fan , Xiu-Hao Deng , Zhedong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Classical light such as lasers and thermal radiation has long been utilized for spectroscopy to explore material structures and dynamics. However, quantum states of light open new avenues for ultrafast optics and spectroscopy, by the variation of their unique properties, e.g., entanglement and photon statistics, after interacting with materials. Quantum light possesses unique characteristics that distinguish it from classical light, particularly the phase-space distribution which reflects its fundamental quantum statistics and the quantum control protocol that may take advantage of noise reduction. This Review will focus on spectroscopic applications using entangled photons and squeezed light, in conjunction with quantum coherent control. We provide a brief introduction to the generation of the entangled and squeezed light, discussing their fundamental properties and connections to the control protocol that may enhance spectroscopic techniques. A microscopic theory for the spectroscopy and corresponding signals induced by certain transition processes is developed. Nonlinear optical signals induced by entangled photons for the coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectra (CARS) and the stimulated Raman spectra (SRS) are investigated. We further extend our efforts to the transient absorption process that enables real-time monitoring of the exciton transfer in the transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), namely, using the WS<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> monolayer. This series of works on nonlinear optical spectroscopy using quantum light explicitly demonstrates the quantum supremacy in ultrafast spectroscopy through jointly enhancing the time and energy scales beyond the classical bound.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"107 ","pages":"Article 100613"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146072387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100614
F. Karami , P. Thapalia , S. Fathpour
Quantum optics, the study of nonclassical states of light, has long been pursued and recently evolved into integrated quantum photonics. That is, transforming the field into a viable technology for scalable, stable, and reconfigurable quantum information processing, secure communication, and sensing systems beyond the limits of classical optics. Among the various integrated material platforms, thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) has recently attracted significant attention for quantum applications, due to its strong second-order nonlinear and electro-optic (EO) properties, and wide transparency range. Unlike conventional bulk lithium niobate photonics, which suffers from low optical confinement and limited wafer-scale scalability, TFLN enables submicron waveguides, tight bending radii, and dense photonic integration, leading to enhanced nonlinear interactions and compact device and circuit footprints. In addition, TFLN has potential for heterogeneous integration with other materials for access to other functionalities on the same chip, e.g., photodetection, low-loss passive optics, and third-order nonlinear optics.
This paper reviews the progress of integrated quantum photonics based on TFLN, highlighting early groundbreaking works, recent experimental milestones, and future opportunities and challenges. We start with an overview of the progress in classical EO devices, which are indispensable building blocks for quantum photonic integrated circuits such as cryogenic transducers. Background and progress in both second- and third-order nonlinear effects, such as frequency conversion, parametric effects, and related applications, like optical frequency combs, are reviewed. We will then focus on demonstrated quantum-optical effects on TFLN devices and circuits. Specifically, generation of high-brightness and spectrally pure quantum-correlated and entangled photons through spontaneous parametric down-conversion, as well as demonstrations of squeezed-light sources, are discussed. Moreover, we present an overview of experimental demonstrations of quantum key distribution and Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometry based on TFLN. Related works on quantum cryptography, i.e., photonic qubit encoding in the time, frequency, and polarization domains, are covered next. The final sections of this paper discuss heterogeneous integration with laser sources and superconducting photodetectors, and an outlook on the progress and challenges of reducing the optical propagation loss towards practical, fully-packaged, and low-loss quantum photonic systems on TFLN.
{"title":"Integrated quantum photonics on thin-film lithium niobate","authors":"F. Karami , P. Thapalia , S. Fathpour","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2026.100614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantum optics, the study of nonclassical states of light, has long been pursued and recently evolved into integrated quantum photonics. That is, transforming the field into a viable technology for scalable, stable, and reconfigurable quantum information processing, secure communication, and sensing systems beyond the limits of classical optics. Among the various integrated material platforms, thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) has recently attracted significant attention for quantum applications, due to its strong second-order nonlinear and electro-optic (EO) properties, and wide transparency range. Unlike conventional bulk lithium niobate photonics, which suffers from low optical confinement and limited wafer-scale scalability, TFLN enables submicron waveguides, tight bending radii, and dense photonic integration, leading to enhanced nonlinear interactions and compact device and circuit footprints. In addition, TFLN has potential for heterogeneous integration with other materials for access to other functionalities on the same chip, e.g., photodetection, low-loss passive optics, and third-order nonlinear optics.</div><div>This paper reviews the progress of integrated quantum photonics based on TFLN, highlighting early groundbreaking works, recent experimental milestones, and future opportunities and challenges. We start with an overview of the progress in classical EO devices, which are indispensable building blocks for quantum photonic integrated circuits such as cryogenic transducers. Background and progress in both second- and third-order nonlinear effects, such as frequency conversion, parametric effects, and related applications, like optical frequency combs, are reviewed. We will then focus on demonstrated quantum-optical effects on TFLN devices and circuits. Specifically, generation of high-brightness and spectrally pure quantum-correlated and entangled photons through spontaneous parametric down-conversion, as well as demonstrations of squeezed-light sources, are discussed. Moreover, we present an overview of experimental demonstrations of quantum key distribution and Hong–Ou–Mandel interferometry based on TFLN. Related works on quantum cryptography, i.e., photonic qubit encoding in the time, frequency, and polarization domains, are covered next. The final sections of this paper discuss heterogeneous integration with laser sources and superconducting photodetectors, and an outlook on the progress and challenges of reducing the optical propagation loss towards practical, fully-packaged, and low-loss quantum photonic systems on TFLN.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"106 ","pages":"Article 100614"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146209898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100597
Sung-Un Kim, Min-Seok Lee, Jeong-Kyun Oh, Jong-Su Kim, Geon-Yeong Kim, In-Seo Na, Ha-Neul Eom, Yong-Ho Ra
III-nitride nanowires (NWs) have emerged as a versatile platform for nanoscale optoelectronics, combining unique attributes such as strain relaxation, defect tolerance, strong carrier confinement, and compatibility with silicon backplanes. Advances in epitaxial growth techniques, including molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and selective-area epitaxy (SAE), have enabled deterministic control over high-quality, compositionally flexible NW arrays. These breakthroughs have led to diverse device architectures, spanning Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities, whispering gallery modes (WGM), plasmonic resonators, random cavities, and photonic crystal arrays, achieving low-threshold lasing, narrow linewidths, and spectral tunability. NW light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have further demonstrated polarization-free emission, geometry-driven color tuning, and monolithic full-color operation without phosphors, addressing long-standing challenges such as the “green gap” and scalable RGB integration. These structural and device-level advantages are now converging with the stringent requirements of next-generation AR/VR/XR micro-displays, which demand extreme luminance, sub-micron pixel pitches, narrow spectral linewidths, and directional emission for efficient coupling into waveguide optics. While conventional micro-LEDs face severe efficiency bottlenecks at deep submicron scales, NW lasers, particularly photonic-crystal and tunnel-junction surface-emitting designs, offer coherence, spectral purity, and engineered far-fields that are well aligned with immersive display engines. We further link these advances to system-level performance benchmarks, including luminance after optical combiners, spectral stability, power efficiency, and manufacturability. Finally, beyond displays, progress in tunnel junction integration and photonic-crystal NW surface-emitting lasers highlights the future application potential of this technology in on-chip photonic interconnects, quantum light sources, and emerging optical computing paradigms. By bridging nanoscale materials science with application-driven requirements, III-nitride NW lasers are positioned as a transformative platform for both optoelectronics and next-generation display technologies.
氮化纳米线（NWs）已成为纳米级光电子学的通用平台，具有应变松弛、缺陷容忍度、强载流子约束以及与硅背板的兼容性等独特属性。包括分子束外延（MBE）、金属有机化学气相沉积（MOCVD）和选择性面积外延（SAE）在内的外延生长技术的进步，使得对高质量、组成灵活的NW阵列的控制成为可能。这些突破带来了多种器件架构，包括fabry - p (FP)腔、低语通道模式（WGM）、等离子体谐振器、随机腔和光子晶体阵列，实现了低阈值激光、窄线宽和光谱可调性。NW发光二极管（led）进一步展示了无偏振发射、几何驱动的颜色调谐和无荧光粉的单片全彩操作，解决了诸如“绿色间隙”和可扩展RGB集成等长期存在的挑战。这些结构和器件级优势现在正与下一代AR/VR/XR微显示器的严格要求相融合，这些微显示器需要极高的亮度、亚微米像素间距、窄谱线宽度和定向发射，以便有效地耦合到波导光学器件中。传统的微型led在深亚微米尺度上面临着严重的效率瓶颈，而NW激光器，特别是光子晶体和隧道结表面发射设计，提供了相干性、光谱纯度，以及与沉浸式显示引擎很好地对齐的工程远场。我们进一步将这些进步与系统级性能基准联系起来，包括光学合成器后的亮度、光谱稳定性、功率效率和可制造性。最后，除了显示器，隧道结集成和光子晶体NW表面发射激光器的进展突出了该技术在片上光子互连，量子光源和新兴光学计算范例中的未来应用潜力。通过将纳米材料科学与应用驱动的需求相结合，iii -氮化物NW激光器被定位为光电子学和下一代显示技术的变革平台。
{"title":"III-nitride nanowire-based lasers for next-generation optoelectronic and display applications","authors":"Sung-Un Kim, Min-Seok Lee, Jeong-Kyun Oh, Jong-Su Kim, Geon-Yeong Kim, In-Seo Na, Ha-Neul Eom, Yong-Ho Ra","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100597","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100597","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>III-nitride nanowires (NWs) have emerged as a versatile platform for nanoscale optoelectronics, combining unique attributes such as strain relaxation, defect tolerance, strong carrier confinement, and compatibility with silicon backplanes. Advances in epitaxial growth techniques, including molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and selective-area epitaxy (SAE), have enabled deterministic control over high-quality, compositionally flexible NW arrays. These breakthroughs have led to diverse device architectures, spanning Fabry-Pérot (FP) cavities, whispering gallery modes (WGM), plasmonic resonators, random cavities, and photonic crystal arrays, achieving low-threshold lasing, narrow linewidths, and spectral tunability. NW light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have further demonstrated polarization-free emission, geometry-driven color tuning, and monolithic full-color operation without phosphors, addressing long-standing challenges such as the “green gap” and scalable RGB integration. These structural and device-level advantages are now converging with the stringent requirements of next-generation AR/VR/XR micro-displays, which demand extreme luminance, sub-micron pixel pitches, narrow spectral linewidths, and directional emission for efficient coupling into waveguide optics. While conventional micro-LEDs face severe efficiency bottlenecks at deep submicron scales, NW lasers, particularly photonic-crystal and tunnel-junction surface-emitting designs, offer coherence, spectral purity, and engineered far-fields that are well aligned with immersive display engines. We further link these advances to system-level performance benchmarks, including luminance after optical combiners, spectral stability, power efficiency, and manufacturability. Finally, beyond displays, progress in tunnel junction integration and photonic-crystal NW surface-emitting lasers highlights the future application potential of this technology in on-chip photonic interconnects, quantum light sources, and emerging optical computing paradigms. By bridging nanoscale materials science with application-driven requirements, III-nitride NW lasers are positioned as a transformative platform for both optoelectronics and next-generation display technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"105 ","pages":"Article 100597"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-01Epub Date: 2025-11-28DOI: 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100598
Weijie Guo , Wenjie He , Zhengwen Qi , Jinfeng Zhang , Changdong Tong , Minhua Li , Jiansheng Zhong , Yijun Lu , Tingzhu Wu , Zhong Chen , Rong Zhang
Micro-LEDs have emerged as promising light sources for high-resolution displays, yet their commercialization faces persistent challenges in simultaneously achieving high efficiency, extended operational lifespan, and spectral stability. Recent advances in understanding carrier dynamics within micro-LEDs, including injection, transport, spatial distribution, radiative recombination, and nonradiative recombination, have fundamentally driven the development of advanced epitaxial growth, mesa-etching techniques, and sidewall treatment. In addition to the traditional InGaN-based blue/green and AlGaInP-based red micro-LEDs, InGaN-based red micro-LEDs have demonstrated notable advancement in luminous characteristics. This review presents the cutting-edge epitaxial strategies and innovative sidewall treatment methodologies, while providing an assessment of their impacts on the performance of micro-LEDs.
{"title":"Research progresses on epitaxy and sidewall treatment for micro-LEDs","authors":"Weijie Guo , Wenjie He , Zhengwen Qi , Jinfeng Zhang , Changdong Tong , Minhua Li , Jiansheng Zhong , Yijun Lu , Tingzhu Wu , Zhong Chen , Rong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100598","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100598","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-LEDs have emerged as promising light sources for high-resolution displays, yet their commercialization faces persistent challenges in simultaneously achieving high efficiency, extended operational lifespan, and spectral stability. Recent advances in understanding carrier dynamics within micro-LEDs, including injection, transport, spatial distribution, radiative recombination, and nonradiative recombination, have fundamentally driven the development of advanced epitaxial growth, mesa-etching techniques, and sidewall treatment. In addition to the traditional InGaN-based blue/green and AlGaInP-based red micro-LEDs, InGaN-based red micro-LEDs have demonstrated notable advancement in luminous characteristics. This review presents the cutting-edge epitaxial strategies and innovative sidewall treatment methodologies, while providing an assessment of their impacts on the performance of micro-LEDs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"104 ","pages":"Article 100598"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145613792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-09-12DOI: 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100585
Zhenbing Dai , Bing Cheng , Ran Jing , Lukas Wehmeier , Zhurun Ji , D.N. Basov , Guangxin Ni , Mengkun Liu
This review explores magnetic field-driven emergent phenomena across various material systems, emphasizing the pivotal roles of magneto-optical and nanoscopy techniques. We examine fundamental aspects of Landau electrodynamics in both 2D and 3D systems, including quantum Hall and topological magnetoelectric effects in graphene and topological insulators. Particularly attention is given to magnetic excitations and magnetopolaritons, such as surface magnon polaritons, magnetoplasmons, and magnetoexcitons in novel quantum materials, including quantum magnets and hybrid heterostructures. Advanced imaging techniques, such as scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) and microwave impedance microscopy, are showcased for their capability to resolve these phenomena with microscopic and nanoscopic resolution. These insights are complemented by discussions of advanced experimental approaches, including cryogenic environments, ultrafast pump-probe techniques, and the integration of magnetic fields into near-field optical methodologies. We further investigate the potential of these imaging techniques for unraveling complex magnetic orders, quantum phases, and correlated electronic behaviors. Finally, we offer perspectives on future research directions and highlight emerging opportunities in the evolving field of optical magneto-nanoscopy.
{"title":"Magnetic field driven emergent phenomena: Insights from magneto-optics and nanoscopy","authors":"Zhenbing Dai , Bing Cheng , Ran Jing , Lukas Wehmeier , Zhurun Ji , D.N. Basov , Guangxin Ni , Mengkun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100585","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100585","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review explores magnetic field-driven emergent phenomena across various material systems, emphasizing the pivotal roles of magneto-optical and nanoscopy techniques. We examine fundamental aspects of Landau electrodynamics in both 2D and 3D systems, including quantum Hall and topological magnetoelectric effects in graphene and topological insulators. Particularly attention is given to magnetic excitations and magnetopolaritons, such as surface magnon polaritons, magnetoplasmons, and magnetoexcitons in novel quantum materials, including quantum magnets and hybrid heterostructures. Advanced imaging techniques, such as scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) and microwave impedance microscopy, are showcased for their capability to resolve these phenomena with microscopic and nanoscopic resolution. These insights are complemented by discussions of advanced experimental approaches, including cryogenic environments, ultrafast pump-probe techniques, and the integration of magnetic fields into near-field optical methodologies. We further investigate the potential of these imaging techniques for unraveling complex magnetic orders, quantum phases, and correlated electronic behaviors. Finally, we offer perspectives on future research directions and highlight emerging opportunities in the evolving field of optical magneto-nanoscopy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 100585"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-09-01Epub Date: 2025-09-23DOI: 10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100586
Joseph M. Lukens , Nicholas A. Peters , Bing Qi
Over the past several decades, the proliferation of global classical communication networks has transformed various facets of human society. Concurrently, quantum networking has emerged as a dynamic field of research, driven by its potential applications in distributed quantum computing, quantum sensor networks, and secure communications. This prompts a fundamental question: rather than constructing quantum networks from scratch, can we harness the widely available classical fiber-optic infrastructure to establish hybrid quantum–classical networks? This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of ongoing research endeavors aimed at integrating quantum communication protocols, such as quantum key distribution, into existing lightwave networks. This approach offers the substantial advantage of reducing implementation costs by allowing classical and quantum communication protocols to share optical fibers, communication hardware, and other network control resources—arguably the most pragmatic solution in the near term. In the long run, classical communication will also reap the rewards of innovative quantum communication technologies, such as quantum memories and repeaters. Accordingly, our vision for the future of the Internet is that of heterogeneous communication networks thoughtfully designed for the seamless support of both classical and quantum communications.
{"title":"Hybrid classical-quantum communication networks","authors":"Joseph M. Lukens , Nicholas A. Peters , Bing Qi","doi":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100586","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.pquantelec.2025.100586","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the past several decades, the proliferation of global classical communication networks has transformed various facets of human society. Concurrently, quantum networking has emerged as a dynamic field of research, driven by its potential applications in distributed quantum computing, quantum sensor networks, and secure communications. This prompts a fundamental question: rather than constructing quantum networks from scratch, can we harness the widely available classical fiber-optic infrastructure to establish hybrid quantum–classical networks? This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of ongoing research endeavors aimed at integrating quantum communication protocols, such as quantum key distribution, into existing lightwave networks. This approach offers the substantial advantage of reducing implementation costs by allowing classical and quantum communication protocols to share optical fibers, communication hardware, and other network control resources—arguably the most pragmatic solution in the near term. In the long run, classical communication will also reap the rewards of innovative quantum communication technologies, such as quantum memories and repeaters. Accordingly, our vision for the future of the Internet is that of heterogeneous communication networks thoughtfully designed for the seamless support of both classical and quantum communications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":414,"journal":{"name":"Progress in Quantum Electronics","volume":"103 ","pages":"Article 100586"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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