S. Otani, H. Hiraishi, M. Midorikawa, andM. Teshigawara
The seismic design requirements in the Building Standard Law of Japan and associated regulations were revised in June 2000 toward a performance-based design framework. The performance objectives are (a) the safety and (b) damage control of a building at two corresponding levels of earthquake motions. The design earthquake motion is defined in terms of acceleration response spectrum at engineering bedrock. The amplification of ground motion by surface geology and the soil-structure interaction must be taken into consideration. The return periods of the earthquake motion of approximately 500 years and approximately 50 years are considered for life-safety and damage-initiation limit states, respectively. The response is examined by so-called "capacity spectrum method" by comparing the linearly elastic demand spectrum of design earthquake motions and the capacity curve of an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (ESDF) system. The structure as designed is reduced to an ESDF system using a nonlinear static analysis under monotonically increasing horizontal forces. Equivalent damping is used to modify the demand spectrum taking into account the energy dissipation capacity of a structure at the prescribed limit states.
{"title":"New Seismic Design Provisions in Japan","authors":"S. Otani, H. Hiraishi, M. Midorikawa, andM. Teshigawara","doi":"10.14359/11928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11928","url":null,"abstract":"The seismic design requirements in the Building Standard Law of Japan and associated regulations were revised in June 2000 toward a performance-based design framework. The performance objectives are (a) the safety and (b) damage control of a building at two corresponding levels of earthquake motions. The design earthquake motion is defined in terms of acceleration response spectrum at engineering bedrock. The amplification of ground motion by surface geology and the soil-structure interaction must be taken into consideration. The return periods of the earthquake motion of approximately 500 years and approximately 50 years are considered for life-safety and damage-initiation limit states, respectively. The response is examined by so-called \"capacity spectrum method\" by comparing the linearly elastic demand spectrum of design earthquake motions and the capacity curve of an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (ESDF) system. The structure as designed is reduced to an ESDF system using a nonlinear static analysis under monotonically increasing horizontal forces. Equivalent damping is used to modify the demand spectrum taking into account the energy dissipation capacity of a structure at the prescribed limit states.","PeriodicalId":415348,"journal":{"name":"SP-197: S.M. Uzumeri Symposium - Behavior and Design of Concrete Structures for Seismic Performance","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126477935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Remembering the Column Analogy","authors":"M. Sozen","doi":"10.14359/11926","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11926","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415348,"journal":{"name":"SP-197: S.M. Uzumeri Symposium - Behavior and Design of Concrete Structures for Seismic Performance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130806903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earthquake reconnaissance has identified failure of reinforced concrete columns as a primary cause of collapse of older existing reinforced concrete structural frames during earthquakes. Apparent column failure, however, does not always result in structural collapse. This paper describes a study of columns tested in the laboratory and examines loss of lateral and vertical load capacities. Correlations with geometric materials and loading characteristics are identified.
{"title":"Gravity Load Collapse of Building Frame During Earthquakes","authors":"J. Moehle, K. Elwood, H. Sezen","doi":"10.14359/11935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11935","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquake reconnaissance has identified failure of reinforced concrete columns as a primary cause of collapse of older existing reinforced concrete structural frames during earthquakes. Apparent column failure, however, does not always result in structural collapse. This paper describes a study of columns tested in the laboratory and examines loss of lateral and vertical load capacities. Correlations with geometric materials and loading characteristics are identified.","PeriodicalId":415348,"journal":{"name":"SP-197: S.M. Uzumeri Symposium - Behavior and Design of Concrete Structures for Seismic Performance","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121603724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a model to evaluate the shear strength of R/C joints for various levels of joint shear distortion. The model is based on the state of plane strains in the connection through the development of a ratio between the joint principal strains, which was determined from experimental results. Based on the joint model, stress limits are proposed for interior and exterior joints for a shear distortion of 1%. These limits are similar to those recommended by ACI-ASCE Committee 352 for exterior connections. However, they are lower than those recommended for interior joints. The detrimental effect of eccentricity on joint strength is also estimated. Further analyses are required to fully quantify the effect of joint type and details on the principal strain ratio, and thus on joint strength.
{"title":"Prediction of Strength and Shear Distortion in R/C Beam-Column Joints","authors":"G. Parra-Montesinos, J. Wight","doi":"10.14359/11934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11934","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a model to evaluate the shear strength of R/C joints for various levels of joint shear distortion. The model is based on the state of plane strains in the connection through the development of a ratio between the joint principal strains, which was determined from experimental results. Based on the joint model, stress limits are proposed for interior and exterior joints for a shear distortion of 1%. These limits are similar to those recommended by ACI-ASCE Committee 352 for exterior connections. However, they are lower than those recommended for interior joints. The detrimental effect of eccentricity on joint strength is also estimated. Further analyses are required to fully quantify the effect of joint type and details on the principal strain ratio, and thus on joint strength.","PeriodicalId":415348,"journal":{"name":"SP-197: S.M. Uzumeri Symposium - Behavior and Design of Concrete Structures for Seismic Performance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121024423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses recent earthquakes in Turkey. Large-scale seismic rehabilitation projects carried out by the Middle East Technical University (METU) faculty and staff on moderately damaged reinforced concrete structures are summarized. Research at METU related to seismic rehabilitation is presented, emphasizing infilled frames, a system used extensively in Turkey.
{"title":"Lessons From Recent Earthquakes in turkey and Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings","authors":"U. Ersoy, G. Ozcebe","doi":"10.14359/11929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11929","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses recent earthquakes in Turkey. Large-scale seismic rehabilitation projects carried out by the Middle East Technical University (METU) faculty and staff on moderately damaged reinforced concrete structures are summarized. Research at METU related to seismic rehabilitation is presented, emphasizing infilled frames, a system used extensively in Turkey.","PeriodicalId":415348,"journal":{"name":"SP-197: S.M. Uzumeri Symposium - Behavior and Design of Concrete Structures for Seismic Performance","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124954895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Strengthening Buildings for Earthquake Resistance with New Concrete","authors":"A. Wyllie","doi":"10.14359/11930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11930","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415348,"journal":{"name":"SP-197: S.M. Uzumeri Symposium - Behavior and Design of Concrete Structures for Seismic Performance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129440911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Influence of Design Ductility Capacity on the Seismic Performance of Medium Height Reinforced Concrete Frame Buildings","authors":"A. Heidebrecht, N. Naumoski","doi":"10.14359/11936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11936","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415348,"journal":{"name":"SP-197: S.M. Uzumeri Symposium - Behavior and Design of Concrete Structures for Seismic Performance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123364842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The first phase of this work concentrated on the behavior of rectilinearly confined concrete columns under axial compression. An analytical model for the mechanism of concrete confinement by rectilinear transverse reinforcement was developed. This was followed by a study of square columns under combined axial load and flexure. After identifying important variables affecting the mechanism of confinement and section behavior, the research advanced to a study of column behavior under simulated earthquake loads. Distribution of longitudinal and lateral reinforcement, level of axial load, spacing of ties, and type of lateral support provided to the longitudinal bars were found to significantly affect the ductile performance of a column. Based on results from extensive experimental and analytical research, a design procedure was developed in which the amount of tie reinforcement and the detailing of both londitudinal and lateral reinforcement are determined for a required ductile performance of a column subjected to a given axial load. This paper presents selected results from the work conducted over recent years. An example demonstrating application of the design procedure is also given.
{"title":"Design of Confining Reinforcement in Columns For Seismic Performance","authors":"S. Sheikh","doi":"10.14359/11932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11932","url":null,"abstract":"The first phase of this work concentrated on the behavior of rectilinearly confined concrete columns under axial compression. An analytical model for the mechanism of concrete confinement by rectilinear transverse reinforcement was developed. This was followed by a study of square columns under combined axial load and flexure. After identifying important variables affecting the mechanism of confinement and section behavior, the research advanced to a study of column behavior under simulated earthquake loads. Distribution of longitudinal and lateral reinforcement, level of axial load, spacing of ties, and type of lateral support provided to the longitudinal bars were found to significantly affect the ductile performance of a column. Based on results from extensive experimental and analytical research, a design procedure was developed in which the amount of tie reinforcement and the detailing of both londitudinal and lateral reinforcement are determined for a required ductile performance of a column subjected to a given axial load. This paper presents selected results from the work conducted over recent years. An example demonstrating application of the design procedure is also given.","PeriodicalId":415348,"journal":{"name":"SP-197: S.M. Uzumeri Symposium - Behavior and Design of Concrete Structures for Seismic Performance","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130002330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In considering the large number of circular concrete columns used to support buildings and bridges and the critical importance of ensuring that the shear strength of these members is adequate to survive a possible earthquake, relatively few studies have been conducted on the shear strength of circular reinforced concrete columns. This paper summarizes results of 3 experimental studies in which a total of 15 large circular specimens were tested in shear. The paper also explains how analytical models based on the modified compression field theory can be used to predict shear response of circular reinforced concrete columns.
{"title":"Shear Strength of Circular Reinforced Concrete Columns","authors":"M. Collins, E. Bentz, Y. Kim","doi":"10.14359/11927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11927","url":null,"abstract":"In considering the large number of circular concrete columns used to support buildings and bridges and the critical importance of ensuring that the shear strength of these members is adequate to survive a possible earthquake, relatively few studies have been conducted on the shear strength of circular reinforced concrete columns. This paper summarizes results of 3 experimental studies in which a total of 15 large circular specimens were tested in shear. The paper also explains how analytical models based on the modified compression field theory can be used to predict shear response of circular reinforced concrete columns.","PeriodicalId":415348,"journal":{"name":"SP-197: S.M. Uzumeri Symposium - Behavior and Design of Concrete Structures for Seismic Performance","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116651006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Link Between Research and Practice : ACI 352 Reccommendations for Design of Joints in RC Structures","authors":"J. Jirsa","doi":"10.14359/11931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14359/11931","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":415348,"journal":{"name":"SP-197: S.M. Uzumeri Symposium - Behavior and Design of Concrete Structures for Seismic Performance","volume":"96 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132223907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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