Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.285124
O. M. Grabovyi, N. M. Nevmerzhytska, A. B. Alyokhin, H. B. Kostynskyi, N. V. Rytikova
Aim. To evaluate the change of the content of mesenchymal (vimentin-positive) and reparative Schwann (GFAP-positive) cells in the regenerative neuroma of the rat sciatic nerve, taking into account the activity of local homeostasis regulation (CD73 expression) under the influence of dexamethasone (Dex) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF). Materials and methods. Vimentin-, GFAP-, and CD73-positive cells were detected immunohistochemically in the regenerative neuroma of 168 male Wistar rats, and their presence was quantified using statistical methods. Results. The regenerative neuroma of the sciatic nerve is characterized by a stereotypical cellular composition kinetics. Dexamethasone, during the initial stage of neuroma formation (1–7 days), led to a reduction in inflammatory infiltration and accumulation of vimentin+ mesenchymal cells. It significantly accelerated the accumulation of neural GFAP+ reparative Schwann cells and suppressed the expression of CD73. The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (1–3 days) in the regenerative neuroma resulted in a slight reduction in inflammatory infiltration and an increase in the number of blood vessels penetrating into it. Under these conditions, the speed and quantity of vimentin+ cell accumulation and CD73 expression noticeably increased, as well as the speed of GFAP+ cell accumulation. The deviations in the expression of vimentin, GFAP, and CD73 in the neuroma under the administration of the mentioned substances gradually decreased and, after 8 weeks of the experiment, did not differ significantly from the control. When combined, dexamethasone and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor potentiated each other’s effects and, in addition, led to long-term maintenance of high CD73 expression. At the same time, the most pronounced approximation of the structure of the newly formed part of the nerve to the structure of the intact nerve trunk was observed. Conclusions. The simultaneous action of Dex and GCSF during the initial stages of regenerative neuroma formation, in contrast to their individual actions, not only alters the dynamics of mesenchymal and neural cell accumulation but also modifies the newly formed part of the nerve, bringing its structure closer to the intact state. This phenomenon is accompanied by increased reactivity of neurolemocytes during the axial cylinder germination stage of neuroma regeneration.
{"title":"Modulation of the tissue composition of regenerative neuroma by dexamethasone and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor","authors":"O. M. Grabovyi, N. M. Nevmerzhytska, A. B. Alyokhin, H. B. Kostynskyi, N. V. Rytikova","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.285124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.285124","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To evaluate the change of the content of mesenchymal (vimentin-positive) and reparative Schwann (GFAP-positive) cells in the regenerative neuroma of the rat sciatic nerve, taking into account the activity of local homeostasis regulation (CD73 expression) under the influence of dexamethasone (Dex) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF). Materials and methods. Vimentin-, GFAP-, and CD73-positive cells were detected immunohistochemically in the regenerative neuroma of 168 male Wistar rats, and their presence was quantified using statistical methods. Results. The regenerative neuroma of the sciatic nerve is characterized by a stereotypical cellular composition kinetics. Dexamethasone, during the initial stage of neuroma formation (1–7 days), led to a reduction in inflammatory infiltration and accumulation of vimentin+ mesenchymal cells. It significantly accelerated the accumulation of neural GFAP+ reparative Schwann cells and suppressed the expression of CD73. The granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (1–3 days) in the regenerative neuroma resulted in a slight reduction in inflammatory infiltration and an increase in the number of blood vessels penetrating into it. Under these conditions, the speed and quantity of vimentin+ cell accumulation and CD73 expression noticeably increased, as well as the speed of GFAP+ cell accumulation. The deviations in the expression of vimentin, GFAP, and CD73 in the neuroma under the administration of the mentioned substances gradually decreased and, after 8 weeks of the experiment, did not differ significantly from the control. When combined, dexamethasone and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor potentiated each other’s effects and, in addition, led to long-term maintenance of high CD73 expression. At the same time, the most pronounced approximation of the structure of the newly formed part of the nerve to the structure of the intact nerve trunk was observed. Conclusions. The simultaneous action of Dex and GCSF during the initial stages of regenerative neuroma formation, in contrast to their individual actions, not only alters the dynamics of mesenchymal and neural cell accumulation but also modifies the newly formed part of the nerve, bringing its structure closer to the intact state. This phenomenon is accompanied by increased reactivity of neurolemocytes during the axial cylinder germination stage of neuroma regeneration.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.279312
A. Yu. Tsymbal, Yu. V. Kotlova
All premature babies lack the intrauterine phase of active mineralization of the bones, osteogenesis changes, speed of ultrasound propagation in bone tissue changes. Aim. The purpose of the article was to determine osteopenia in premature babies (PB) based on ultrasound densitometry at birth and during the period of intensive care. Materials and methods. 70 premature babies and 20 full-term newborns were studied. The authors determined the bone ultrasound speed (SOS, m/s) and its comparative evaluation (Z-score) with the representative base of the ultrasound sonometer “Sunlight Omnisense 9000” (Israel). SOS was defined as average at Z ≥-1.0 SD, as low – at Z from -1.1 to -2.0 SD, and as significantly low – Z ≤- 2.0 SD. Results. 54.3 % of PB had osteopenia at birth: low indicators in 28.6 %, significantly low in 25.7 %. Postnatally, an increase in bone tissue deficiency of PB was observed – osteopenia with a low Z was diagnosed in 41.1 %, with a significantly low – in 37.5 % of PB. Conclusions. The number of PB with osteopenia increased 1.4 times, during the first 4 weeks of life. An increase in bone tissue deficiency was most often (p < 0.05) observed among children (52.0 %) with normal / average Z-score SOS indicators. Z-score SOS indicators in children with osteopenia were stable during the first month of life. The odds ratio of having osteopenia were 3.37 times higher for those born in GA of 33 weeks or less (OR = 3.37; CI 95 % [1.25, 9.09], p < 0.05), and 7.50 times higher odds of having significantly low Z-scores (OR = 7.50; CI 95 % [1.60, 34.59], p < 0.05), ), and 8.15 times higher odds of having significantly low Z-scores after 1 month of life (OR = 8.15; CI 95 % [2.23; 29.70], р < 0.05), than in children with greater GA. Indicators of physical development of premature newborns do not allow assessing the state of bone mineral velocity and require dynamic ultrasonic densitometry, despite the presence of correlations of SOS with indicators of the mass or length of infants depending on the gestational timing of birth.
{"title":"Dynamics of changes in the velocity of ultrasound propagation in the bone tissue of premature children according to the data of ultrasound densitometry","authors":"A. Yu. Tsymbal, Yu. V. Kotlova","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.279312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.279312","url":null,"abstract":"All premature babies lack the intrauterine phase of active mineralization of the bones, osteogenesis changes, speed of ultrasound propagation in bone tissue changes. Aim. The purpose of the article was to determine osteopenia in premature babies (PB) based on ultrasound densitometry at birth and during the period of intensive care. Materials and methods. 70 premature babies and 20 full-term newborns were studied. The authors determined the bone ultrasound speed (SOS, m/s) and its comparative evaluation (Z-score) with the representative base of the ultrasound sonometer “Sunlight Omnisense 9000” (Israel). SOS was defined as average at Z ≥-1.0 SD, as low – at Z from -1.1 to -2.0 SD, and as significantly low – Z ≤- 2.0 SD. Results. 54.3 % of PB had osteopenia at birth: low indicators in 28.6 %, significantly low in 25.7 %. Postnatally, an increase in bone tissue deficiency of PB was observed – osteopenia with a low Z was diagnosed in 41.1 %, with a significantly low – in 37.5 % of PB. Conclusions. The number of PB with osteopenia increased 1.4 times, during the first 4 weeks of life. An increase in bone tissue deficiency was most often (p < 0.05) observed among children (52.0 %) with normal / average Z-score SOS indicators. Z-score SOS indicators in children with osteopenia were stable during the first month of life. The odds ratio of having osteopenia were 3.37 times higher for those born in GA of 33 weeks or less (OR = 3.37; CI 95 % [1.25, 9.09], p < 0.05), and 7.50 times higher odds of having significantly low Z-scores (OR = 7.50; CI 95 % [1.60, 34.59], p < 0.05), ), and 8.15 times higher odds of having significantly low Z-scores after 1 month of life (OR = 8.15; CI 95 % [2.23; 29.70], р < 0.05), than in children with greater GA. Indicators of physical development of premature newborns do not allow assessing the state of bone mineral velocity and require dynamic ultrasonic densitometry, despite the presence of correlations of SOS with indicators of the mass or length of infants depending on the gestational timing of birth.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.281995
Ya. P. Feleshtynskyi, K. D. Derkach, O. O. Diadyk, M. V. Onyshko, K. M. Shatrova
The aim of the study is to justify the prevention of wound complications during fixation of the mesh to abdominal wall tissues with cross-linked polyurethane (CP) composite in experimental animals. Маterials and methods. An experimental study was conducted on 60 male laboratory rats, which were divided into 3 groups. In group I (n = 21), the mesh and wound edges were fixed with CP composite with an antiseptic, in group II (n = 24) – with ligatures, in group III (n = 15) muscle incision was performed and the wound was sutured with ligatures. The animals were observed for 30 days, wound healing and the presence of complications were evaluated. Morphological examination was performed on days 7 and 30. Signs of mesh germination by connective tissue and presence of tissue inflammation around the mesh were evaluated. Results. The observation results showed that in group I, the incidence of complications and the duration of wound healing were lower comparing to groups II and III. In group I, seroma was detected in 1 (5.3 %) animal, in group II – in 7 (33.3 %), in group III – in 3 (23.1 %), infection of the wound in 1 (5.3 %) animal of group I, in 4 (19.1 %) of group II and in 2 (15.4 %) of group III. The term of wound healing in group I was 7 (6; 8) days, in group II – 13 (12; 14), in group III –11 (10; 12) days (p < 0.05). The results of observation were confirmed morphologically, namely, in animals of group I, faster process of mesh germination with collagen fibers and wound healing were revealed, which was confirmed by the predominance of a fibrous component over the cellular one (р < 0.05), and the formation of a connective tissue capsule around the CP with the germination of collagen fibers deep into the capsule. Conclusions. The use of the cross-linked polyurethane composite with an antiseptic to fix the mesh implant to abdominal wall tissues in laboratory animals confirms its higher efficiency compared to traditional ligature fixation, by increasing the fibrous component of connective tissue and reducing the cellular component and hemodynamic disorders in dynamics, by the germination of collagen fibers deep into the capsule in the areas of mesh fixation, reduced occurrence of seroma and duration of wound healing, which justifies its use in clinical practice for prevention of wound complications in allogernioplasty.
{"title":"Experimental and morphological justification of the prevention of wound complications during fixation of the mesh to the abdominal wall tissues with composite","authors":"Ya. P. Feleshtynskyi, K. D. Derkach, O. O. Diadyk, M. V. Onyshko, K. M. Shatrova","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.281995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.281995","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study is to justify the prevention of wound complications during fixation of the mesh to abdominal wall tissues with cross-linked polyurethane (CP) composite in experimental animals. Маterials and methods. An experimental study was conducted on 60 male laboratory rats, which were divided into 3 groups. In group I (n = 21), the mesh and wound edges were fixed with CP composite with an antiseptic, in group II (n = 24) – with ligatures, in group III (n = 15) muscle incision was performed and the wound was sutured with ligatures. The animals were observed for 30 days, wound healing and the presence of complications were evaluated. Morphological examination was performed on days 7 and 30. Signs of mesh germination by connective tissue and presence of tissue inflammation around the mesh were evaluated. Results. The observation results showed that in group I, the incidence of complications and the duration of wound healing were lower comparing to groups II and III. In group I, seroma was detected in 1 (5.3 %) animal, in group II – in 7 (33.3 %), in group III – in 3 (23.1 %), infection of the wound in 1 (5.3 %) animal of group I, in 4 (19.1 %) of group II and in 2 (15.4 %) of group III. The term of wound healing in group I was 7 (6; 8) days, in group II – 13 (12; 14), in group III –11 (10; 12) days (p < 0.05). The results of observation were confirmed morphologically, namely, in animals of group I, faster process of mesh germination with collagen fibers and wound healing were revealed, which was confirmed by the predominance of a fibrous component over the cellular one (р < 0.05), and the formation of a connective tissue capsule around the CP with the germination of collagen fibers deep into the capsule. Conclusions. The use of the cross-linked polyurethane composite with an antiseptic to fix the mesh implant to abdominal wall tissues in laboratory animals confirms its higher efficiency compared to traditional ligature fixation, by increasing the fibrous component of connective tissue and reducing the cellular component and hemodynamic disorders in dynamics, by the germination of collagen fibers deep into the capsule in the areas of mesh fixation, reduced occurrence of seroma and duration of wound healing, which justifies its use in clinical practice for prevention of wound complications in allogernioplasty.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.283531
O. V. Riabokon, V. V. Cherkaskyi, Yu. Yu. Riabokon, R. O. Shcherbyna
Aim of the work is to find out the clinical and prognostic significance of cytokine regulation parameters in oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 coronavirus disease in dynamics of the disease. Material and methods. 78 oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 aged from 52 to 84 years were examined. All patients were examined and treated in accordance with the regulations in force at the relevant time. The patients were divided into groups: I group – 38 patients who recovered; II group – 40 patients with fatal outcome of the disease. In the blood serum of patients with COVID-19 and 20 healthy individuals, were determined by enzyme immunoassay the content of interleukin (IL) IL-2 (Elabscience, USA), IL-4 (Affymetrix eBioscience, Austria), IL-6 (Invitrogen, Austria), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) (Elabscience, USA). Statistical processing was performed in the Statistica 13 for Windows program (StatSoft Inc., No. JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J). Results. The content of IL-2 in the blood serum of oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 of both groups was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in healthy individuals. IL-2 content was higher in patients of II group (p < 0.001) than in patients of I group. In dynamics, a further increase in content of IL-2 was noted in patients of the II group (р < 0.05). The diagnostic significance has been established of the increased level of IL-2 in assessing the high probability of the development of a fatal outcome of the disease during hospitalization (AUC = 0.698, p = 0.030) and in the dynamics of treatment (AUC = 0.745, p = 0.015). The content of IL-6 in the blood serum of oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 of both groups was also significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in healthy individuals. However, the level of increase of this cytokine at the time of hospitalization did not have prognostic value regarding the risk of fatal outcome (AUC = 0.539, p = 0.562). In the dynamics of treatment, the content of IL-6 in blood serum continued to increase in patients of the II group (p < 0.01). During this period of observation, a threshold level of increase IL-6 level was established, which indicates a high probability of the development of a fatal outcome in these patients (AUC = 0.850, p < 0.001). The content of chemokine MCP-1 in blood serum at the time of hospitalization in patients of both groups was higher (p < 0.01) than in healthy people. At the same time, the content of MCP-1 in patients of the II group was higher (p < 0.05) than in the patients of the I group. The diagnostic significance of the increased level of MCP-1 was established, which indicated a high probability of the development of a fatal outcome during hospitalization. In dynamics, there was a tendency (p > 0.05) to decrease its content (p > 0.05), however, during this period of observation, MCP-1 did not have prognostic value. IL-4 turned out to be uninformative in prognostic terms for determining the probability of a fatal outcome of COVID-19
本研究旨在探讨细胞因子调节参数在COVID-19冠状病毒病氧依赖患者发病动力学中的临床及预后意义。材料和方法。对78例52 ~ 84岁的新冠肺炎氧依赖患者进行了检查。所有患者均按照当时有效的规定进行检查和治疗。将患者分为两组:ⅰ组38例患者痊愈;II组- 40例有死亡结局的患者。采用酶免疫分析法测定新冠病毒患者和20名健康人血清中白细胞介素(IL) IL-2 (Elabscience，美国)、IL-4 (Affymetrix eBioscience，奥地利)、IL-6 (Invitrogen，奥地利)、单核细胞趋化蛋白-1 (MCP-1) (Elabscience，美国)的含量。统计处理在Statistica 13 for Windows程序中进行(StatSoft Inc.， No. 5)。JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J)。结果。两组COVID-19氧依赖患者血清IL-2含量均显著升高(p <0.001)。II组患者IL-2含量较高(p <0.001)。在动力学上，II组患者IL-2含量进一步增加(p < 0.05)。0.05)。IL-2水平升高在评估住院期间疾病发生致命结局的高概率(AUC = 0.698, p = 0.030)和治疗动态(AUC = 0.745, p = 0.015)方面具有诊断意义。两组氧依赖患者血清IL-6含量均显著升高(p <0.001)。然而，住院时该细胞因子的升高水平对死亡结局的风险没有预后价值(AUC = 0.539, p = 0.562)。在治疗动态中，II组患者血清中IL-6含量持续升高(p <0.01)。在此期间，IL-6水平升高的阈值水平被建立，这表明这些患者发生致命结局的概率很高(AUC = 0.850, p <0.001)。两组患者住院时血清趋化因子MCP-1含量均较高(p <0.01)。同时，II组患者MCP-1含量较高(p <p < 0.05)。MCP-1水平升高的诊断意义被确立，这表明住院期间发生致命结局的概率很高。在动力学方面，有一种趋势(p >0.05)降低其含量(p >0.05)，但在观察期间，MCP-1无预后价值。事实证明，在确定COVID-19致命结果的概率方面，IL-4不能提供预后方面的信息。结论。COVID-19患者在氧依赖发展过程中细胞因子调节参数的变化以血清IL-2、IL-6和趋化因子MCP-1含量显著升高为特征。在观察的某些阶段，这些细胞因子的增加水平在确定疾病发展为致命结果的高概率方面具有诊断价值。
{"title":"Clinical and prognostic value of parameters of cytokine regulation in oxygen-dependent patients with the coronavirus disease COVID-19","authors":"O. V. Riabokon, V. V. Cherkaskyi, Yu. Yu. Riabokon, R. O. Shcherbyna","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.283531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.283531","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of the work is to find out the clinical and prognostic significance of cytokine regulation parameters in oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 coronavirus disease in dynamics of the disease. Material and methods. 78 oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 aged from 52 to 84 years were examined. All patients were examined and treated in accordance with the regulations in force at the relevant time. The patients were divided into groups: I group – 38 patients who recovered; II group – 40 patients with fatal outcome of the disease. In the blood serum of patients with COVID-19 and 20 healthy individuals, were determined by enzyme immunoassay the content of interleukin (IL) IL-2 (Elabscience, USA), IL-4 (Affymetrix eBioscience, Austria), IL-6 (Invitrogen, Austria), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) (Elabscience, USA). Statistical processing was performed in the Statistica 13 for Windows program (StatSoft Inc., No. JPZ804I382130ARCN10-J). Results. The content of IL-2 in the blood serum of oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 of both groups was significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in healthy individuals. IL-2 content was higher in patients of II group (p < 0.001) than in patients of I group. In dynamics, a further increase in content of IL-2 was noted in patients of the II group (р < 0.05). The diagnostic significance has been established of the increased level of IL-2 in assessing the high probability of the development of a fatal outcome of the disease during hospitalization (AUC = 0.698, p = 0.030) and in the dynamics of treatment (AUC = 0.745, p = 0.015). The content of IL-6 in the blood serum of oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 of both groups was also significantly higher (p < 0.001) than in healthy individuals. However, the level of increase of this cytokine at the time of hospitalization did not have prognostic value regarding the risk of fatal outcome (AUC = 0.539, p = 0.562). In the dynamics of treatment, the content of IL-6 in blood serum continued to increase in patients of the II group (p < 0.01). During this period of observation, a threshold level of increase IL-6 level was established, which indicates a high probability of the development of a fatal outcome in these patients (AUC = 0.850, p < 0.001). The content of chemokine MCP-1 in blood serum at the time of hospitalization in patients of both groups was higher (p < 0.01) than in healthy people. At the same time, the content of MCP-1 in patients of the II group was higher (p < 0.05) than in the patients of the I group. The diagnostic significance of the increased level of MCP-1 was established, which indicated a high probability of the development of a fatal outcome during hospitalization. In dynamics, there was a tendency (p > 0.05) to decrease its content (p > 0.05), however, during this period of observation, MCP-1 did not have prognostic value. IL-4 turned out to be uninformative in prognostic terms for determining the probability of a fatal outcome of COVID-19","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.281722
I. S. Shponka, O. V. Poslavska, I. K. Kharkhalis, T. V. Shynkarenko
Morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a current problem of modern oncology. Intensive budding is an important prognostic factor for a worse clinical course of CRC and may influence clinical decision-making regarding the use of extended interventions in pT1 and stage II, according to the conclusion of the 2016 International Consensus Conference on Tumor Budding. The aim of the work is to evaluate the prognostic significance of budding depending on the clinical and morphological characteristics of colorectal carcinomas. Materials and methods. The article deals with clinical and anatomical material of 31 patients with CRC (14 women and 17 men) who were treated in the 2nd surgical department of the SE “Dnipropetrovsk Regional Clinical Hospital” in the period from 2019 to 2021. The age of the patients varied of 27–84 years old (average age – 62.3 ± 14.8 years old). A histological examination of CRC samples was carried out with an assessment of “hot areas” of the invasive front and an immunohistochemical examination with РАН CK АЕ 1/3, Ki-67, MUC2, caspase-3, β-catenin to calculate the number of tumor cell clusters. Results. In one third of the number of samples, differences were determined not only in the number of clusters, but also in the budding category when stained by routine and immunohistochemical methods. Peritumoral budding of the invasive front with category Bd3 was always accompanied by intratumoral budding of varying degrees of intensity. The analysis of the distribution of gradations of budding of colorectal carcinomas by gender, age, location, histological degree of differentiation, and the presence of metastases did not show a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05), which may indicate the independence of this factor on the prognosis of patient survival. The intensity of budding of colorectal carcinomas depending on the expression of markers Ki-67, caspase-3 and β-catenin did not show a significant difference in subgroups (p > 0.05) but showed tendencies to increase the number of budding with an increase in the proliferation index and a decrease in the activity of the proapoptotic enzyme caspase-3. Conclusions. If the number of buds on the border of categories Bd1 and Bd2, or Bd2 and Bd3, determined by the standardized method of H & E staining is doubtful, the degree of budding may be underestimated in comparison with staining by the immunohistochemical method, due to the exclusion of falsely interpreted morphological objects as tumor clusters; the most reliable immunohistochemical marker for contrast separation of buds is a cocktail of cytokeratins.
结直肠癌(CRC)的发病率和死亡率仍然是现代肿瘤学的一个当前问题。根据2016年肿瘤萌芽国际共识会议的结论，密集的萌芽是CRC临床病程恶化的重要预后因素，可能影响pT1和II期使用扩展干预措施的临床决策。本研究的目的是根据结直肠癌的临床和形态学特征来评估出芽对预后的意义。材料和方法。本文涉及2019年至2021年期间在“第聂伯罗彼得罗夫斯克地区临床医院”第二外科治疗的31名CRC患者(14名女性和17名男性)的临床和解剖资料。患者年龄27 ~ 84岁，平均年龄- 62.3±14.8岁。对结直肠癌标本进行组织学检查，评估浸润前沿的“热区”，并用РАН CK АЕ 1/3、Ki-67、MUC2、caspase-3、β-catenin进行免疫组化检查，计算肿瘤细胞簇的数量。结果。在三分之一的样本中，通过常规和免疫组织化学方法染色，不仅在簇数上确定了差异，而且在出芽类别上也确定了差异。Bd3型浸润前缘瘤周芽肿常伴有不同程度强度的瘤内芽肿。性别、年龄、部位、组织学分化程度、有无转移的结直肠癌出芽分级分布分析差异无统计学意义(p >0.05)，可能提示该因素对患者生存预后的独立性。结直肠癌出芽强度对Ki-67、caspase-3和β-catenin标记物表达的依赖性在亚组间无显著差异(p >0.05)，但随着增殖指数的升高和促凋亡酶caspase-3活性的降低，有增加出芽数量的趋势。结论。若Bd1、Bd2或Bd2、Bd3类边界上的芽数，由H &的标准化方法确定;E染色值得怀疑，与免疫组化染色相比，出芽程度可能被低估，因为排除了被错误解释为肿瘤簇的形态学对象;芽对比分离最可靠的免疫组织化学标记物是细胞角蛋白的混合物。
{"title":"Pathomorphological analysis of budding in colorectal carcinomas","authors":"I. S. Shponka, O. V. Poslavska, I. K. Kharkhalis, T. V. Shynkarenko","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.281722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.281722","url":null,"abstract":"Morbidity and mortality from colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a current problem of modern oncology. Intensive budding is an important prognostic factor for a worse clinical course of CRC and may influence clinical decision-making regarding the use of extended interventions in pT1 and stage II, according to the conclusion of the 2016 International Consensus Conference on Tumor Budding. The aim of the work is to evaluate the prognostic significance of budding depending on the clinical and morphological characteristics of colorectal carcinomas. Materials and methods. The article deals with clinical and anatomical material of 31 patients with CRC (14 women and 17 men) who were treated in the 2nd surgical department of the SE “Dnipropetrovsk Regional Clinical Hospital” in the period from 2019 to 2021. The age of the patients varied of 27–84 years old (average age – 62.3 ± 14.8 years old). A histological examination of CRC samples was carried out with an assessment of “hot areas” of the invasive front and an immunohistochemical examination with РАН CK АЕ 1/3, Ki-67, MUC2, caspase-3, β-catenin to calculate the number of tumor cell clusters. Results. In one third of the number of samples, differences were determined not only in the number of clusters, but also in the budding category when stained by routine and immunohistochemical methods. Peritumoral budding of the invasive front with category Bd3 was always accompanied by intratumoral budding of varying degrees of intensity. The analysis of the distribution of gradations of budding of colorectal carcinomas by gender, age, location, histological degree of differentiation, and the presence of metastases did not show a statistically significant difference (p > 0.05), which may indicate the independence of this factor on the prognosis of patient survival. The intensity of budding of colorectal carcinomas depending on the expression of markers Ki-67, caspase-3 and β-catenin did not show a significant difference in subgroups (p > 0.05) but showed tendencies to increase the number of budding with an increase in the proliferation index and a decrease in the activity of the proapoptotic enzyme caspase-3. Conclusions. If the number of buds on the border of categories Bd1 and Bd2, or Bd2 and Bd3, determined by the standardized method of H & E staining is doubtful, the degree of budding may be underestimated in comparison with staining by the immunohistochemical method, due to the exclusion of falsely interpreted morphological objects as tumor clusters; the most reliable immunohistochemical marker for contrast separation of buds is a cocktail of cytokeratins.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.280409
V. M. Vasyliuk, V. S. Khabchuk, A. Ya. Pavliak, O. Ya. Zhurakivska, A. B. Hrechyn
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Aim. Therefore, we aimed to study myocardial changes in adult rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM exposed to chronic immobilization stress (CIS). Materials and methods. A total of 26 adult albino male rats weighing 180–200 g were examined. All the animals were divided into three groups: Group I included 10 rats with STZ-induced DM exposed to CIS; Group II comprised 10 rats with STZ-induced DM; Group III included 6 intact animals. The samples were collected on the 14th and 56th days of the experiment. Histological, histochemical, electron microscopy, and biochemical methods were used. Results. On the 14th day of the experiment, in Group I and Group II, increased blood flow was observed in the capillaries, venules, and veins, while an arteriolar spasm in the microcirculation was found. In addition, cardiomyocyte surface area in different myocardial regions reduced due to low glycogen content as confirmed by histochemical and ultrastructural studies. On the 56th day of the experiment, in Group I and Group II, hyperemia occurred due to red blood cell aggregation and microthrombi. The surface area of all microcirculatory vessels increased as compared to that of intact animals, as evidenced by an increase in their wall surface area leading to an increase in their wall-to-lumen ratio. Such morphometric changes in the microcirculatory vessels were indicative of decreased vascular permeability and impaired myocardial blood flow. At the histological level, in Group I and Group II, focal cardiomyocyte lysis, moderate to diffuse stromal edema, lymphohistiocytic infiltration were seen. Such changes pointed to sterile inflammation, probably due to myocardial infraction secondary to diabetic microangiopathy. In cardiomyocytes, karyolysis, vacuolar degeneration, apical ballooning, subsarcolemmic edema, fibrosis and lysis of myofibrils, colliquative necrosis were observed. Conclusions. STZ-induced DM and stress resulted in pronounced destructive changes in the myocardium of rats, including interstitial edema, focal cardiosclerosis, myolysis. Such changes occurred on the background developing diabetic microangiopathy. The most pronounced myocardial changes were recorded in animals with a comorbidity.
{"title":"Morphologic characteristic of rat myocardium in comorbid pathology","authors":"V. M. Vasyliuk, V. S. Khabchuk, A. Ya. Pavliak, O. Ya. Zhurakivska, A. B. Hrechyn","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.280409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.280409","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a serious complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Aim. Therefore, we aimed to study myocardial changes in adult rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DM exposed to chronic immobilization stress (CIS). Materials and methods. A total of 26 adult albino male rats weighing 180–200 g were examined. All the animals were divided into three groups: Group I included 10 rats with STZ-induced DM exposed to CIS; Group II comprised 10 rats with STZ-induced DM; Group III included 6 intact animals. The samples were collected on the 14th and 56th days of the experiment. Histological, histochemical, electron microscopy, and biochemical methods were used. Results. On the 14th day of the experiment, in Group I and Group II, increased blood flow was observed in the capillaries, venules, and veins, while an arteriolar spasm in the microcirculation was found. In addition, cardiomyocyte surface area in different myocardial regions reduced due to low glycogen content as confirmed by histochemical and ultrastructural studies. On the 56th day of the experiment, in Group I and Group II, hyperemia occurred due to red blood cell aggregation and microthrombi. The surface area of all microcirculatory vessels increased as compared to that of intact animals, as evidenced by an increase in their wall surface area leading to an increase in their wall-to-lumen ratio. Such morphometric changes in the microcirculatory vessels were indicative of decreased vascular permeability and impaired myocardial blood flow. At the histological level, in Group I and Group II, focal cardiomyocyte lysis, moderate to diffuse stromal edema, lymphohistiocytic infiltration were seen. Such changes pointed to sterile inflammation, probably due to myocardial infraction secondary to diabetic microangiopathy. In cardiomyocytes, karyolysis, vacuolar degeneration, apical ballooning, subsarcolemmic edema, fibrosis and lysis of myofibrils, colliquative necrosis were observed. Conclusions. STZ-induced DM and stress resulted in pronounced destructive changes in the myocardium of rats, including interstitial edema, focal cardiosclerosis, myolysis. Such changes occurred on the background developing diabetic microangiopathy. The most pronounced myocardial changes were recorded in animals with a comorbidity.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.285694
K. B. Romanova, O. V. Hancheva, Yu. M. Kolesnyk
The aim of the work was to define the pattern of changes and pathogenetic mechanisms of glycemic curve shape during a glucose tolerance test in rats at 6, 15, and 21 weeks of environmental space restriction. Materials and methods. A total of 55 male Wistar rats aged 6–10 months were used and divided into 4 groups (1 – intact control, 10 rats; 2, 3 and 4 of 15 rats each, which were in conditions of restricted environmental space for 6, 15 and 21 weeks, respectively). Fasting plasma levels of glucose (test strips Test Strip II on a Glucocard glucometer (ARKRAY Inc., Japan)), insulin and corticosterone (by an immunoenzymatic method using commercial kits for rats from Monobind, USA) were measured, glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed, the HOMA index and the insulin/corticosterone ratio were calculated. Results. The 6-week environmental space restriction, immobility and complex communication relations resulted in a hypoinsulinemic-hypoglycemic type of the glycemic curve with high tissue glucose sensitivity in animals which were in the conditions described (the HOMA index was significantly decreased to 0.21 versus 0.55 in the control), the characteristic delayed hyperglycemic peak at the 30th min of the test slowly returned to the euglycemic level by only the 90th min against the 30th min in the controls. The 15-week restriction caused a hypoinsulinemic curve with preserved tissue glucose sensitivity (the HOMA index 0.33 versus 0.55 in the controls). Alterations in postprandial glucose absorption were manifested by the highest glucose concentration at the 15th min of the test, a very slow decrease in the glucose level in the post-absorption period not being restored to baseline values by the 90th min. The 21-week restriction shaped a diabetic type of the glycemic curve, impaired tissue glucose sensitivity (a substantial and significant increase in the calculated HOMA index from 0.55 in the controls to 0.95) and resulted in the development of insulin resistance. Conclusions. The environmental space restriction, immobility and complex communication relations gradually induce a range of disorders in animals and change the glycemic response shape to glucose load, impair prandial insulin secretion, augment hyperglycemic effects of counterinsular hormones (corticosterone), and realize dysfunctional manifestations of prandial/postprandial glycemia. 6 weeks of restrictions and challenges shape the hypoinsulinemic-hypoglycemic type of the glycemic curve with high tissue glucose sensitivity, while 15 weeks result in the hypoinsulinemic curve with preserved tissue glucose sensitivity. 21 weeks show the diabetic type of the glycemic curve with impaired tissue glucose sensitivity and the development of insulin resistance.
{"title":"Long-term restraint stress as a predictor of insulin resistance development in experimental rats","authors":"K. B. Romanova, O. V. Hancheva, Yu. M. Kolesnyk","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.285694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.285694","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to define the pattern of changes and pathogenetic mechanisms of glycemic curve shape during a glucose tolerance test in rats at 6, 15, and 21 weeks of environmental space restriction. Materials and methods. A total of 55 male Wistar rats aged 6–10 months were used and divided into 4 groups (1 – intact control, 10 rats; 2, 3 and 4 of 15 rats each, which were in conditions of restricted environmental space for 6, 15 and 21 weeks, respectively). Fasting plasma levels of glucose (test strips Test Strip II on a Glucocard glucometer (ARKRAY Inc., Japan)), insulin and corticosterone (by an immunoenzymatic method using commercial kits for rats from Monobind, USA) were measured, glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed, the HOMA index and the insulin/corticosterone ratio were calculated. Results. The 6-week environmental space restriction, immobility and complex communication relations resulted in a hypoinsulinemic-hypoglycemic type of the glycemic curve with high tissue glucose sensitivity in animals which were in the conditions described (the HOMA index was significantly decreased to 0.21 versus 0.55 in the control), the characteristic delayed hyperglycemic peak at the 30th min of the test slowly returned to the euglycemic level by only the 90th min against the 30th min in the controls. The 15-week restriction caused a hypoinsulinemic curve with preserved tissue glucose sensitivity (the HOMA index 0.33 versus 0.55 in the controls). Alterations in postprandial glucose absorption were manifested by the highest glucose concentration at the 15th min of the test, a very slow decrease in the glucose level in the post-absorption period not being restored to baseline values by the 90th min. The 21-week restriction shaped a diabetic type of the glycemic curve, impaired tissue glucose sensitivity (a substantial and significant increase in the calculated HOMA index from 0.55 in the controls to 0.95) and resulted in the development of insulin resistance. Conclusions. The environmental space restriction, immobility and complex communication relations gradually induce a range of disorders in animals and change the glycemic response shape to glucose load, impair prandial insulin secretion, augment hyperglycemic effects of counterinsular hormones (corticosterone), and realize dysfunctional manifestations of prandial/postprandial glycemia. 6 weeks of restrictions and challenges shape the hypoinsulinemic-hypoglycemic type of the glycemic curve with high tissue glucose sensitivity, while 15 weeks result in the hypoinsulinemic curve with preserved tissue glucose sensitivity. 21 weeks show the diabetic type of the glycemic curve with impaired tissue glucose sensitivity and the development of insulin resistance.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.277852
O. P. Yavorovskyi, S. I. Savosko, V. M. Riabovol, T. O. Zinchenko
Aim. To study the toxic effect of TiO2 and TiO2-Ag nanopowders on the morphology and elemental composition of the laboratory mice liver. Materials and methods. The study used a model of acute intoxication on laboratory animals. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with TiO2 and TiO2-Ag nanopowders at 4000 mg/kg, 7000 mg/kg, or 10000 mg/kg doses. During two weeks, the animals were observed, lethality was assessed, the accumulation of nanopowder in the organ and the morphology of liver tissues were investigated. The content of titanium and silver in liver samples was determined by optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma. Liver tissue micropreparations were examined using an Olympus BX51 light microscope. Also, the micropreparations of the liver were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using the Tescan Mira 3 device, and the elemental composition was determined using an energy dispersive spectrometer Oxford instrument, X-max 80 mm2. Results. The dependence of the mice lethality on the nanopowders dose was revealed; mortality was higher when exposed to nano-TiO2-Ag compared to nano-TiO2. Average lethal doses were calculated using probit analysis. For nano-TiO2, the LD50 is 4783.30 mg/kg; for nano-TiO2-Ag – 724.44 mg/kg. The accumulation of titanium, titanium, and silver in the liver after exposure to nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2-Ag was established. In general, there was a tendency to increase the content of titanium in the skin tissue with an increase in the administered dose of nanopowders. Morphological changes in the liver were studied by histological methods. The most characteristic morphological signs of the toxic effect of nano-TiO2 on tissue were dystrophic changes at the level of 67.7 % (cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes), and when exposed to nano-TiO2-Ag – initial necrotic changes at the level of 70 % (hepatocytes with nuclear pyknosis). It is worth noting that the toxic effect of nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2-Ag is much less often manifested by focal necrosis and inflammatory reactions (focal infiltration), in some cases, there were adaptive changes that provoked an increase in the number of binuclear hepatocytes. In case of detection agglomerates of a foreign object (crystalline inclusions) were obtained, which were examined spectrally and showed a high content of titanium (Ti). SEM morphometry showed that the size of nanoparticles and their agglomerates ranged from 80 nm to 20 μm. Conclusions. The lethality of mice was higher when the composition of nano-TiO2-Ag was introduced compared to nano-TiO2. Based on the calculated average lethal doses, both nanopowders were assigned to the 3rd class (moderately dangerous) of the danger of chemical substances according to the classification of GOST 12.1.007-76. It was established that with an increase in the injected dose in the tissue of the products of laboratory mice, the accumulation of titanium (under the action of nano-TiO2) and titanium and silver (under the act
{"title":"Toxicological and morphological aspects of nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2-Ag acute action on the liver of mice","authors":"O. P. Yavorovskyi, S. I. Savosko, V. M. Riabovol, T. O. Zinchenko","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.277852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.277852","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the toxic effect of TiO2 and TiO2-Ag nanopowders on the morphology and elemental composition of the laboratory mice liver. Materials and methods. The study used a model of acute intoxication on laboratory animals. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with TiO2 and TiO2-Ag nanopowders at 4000 mg/kg, 7000 mg/kg, or 10000 mg/kg doses. During two weeks, the animals were observed, lethality was assessed, the accumulation of nanopowder in the organ and the morphology of liver tissues were investigated. The content of titanium and silver in liver samples was determined by optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma. Liver tissue micropreparations were examined using an Olympus BX51 light microscope. Also, the micropreparations of the liver were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using the Tescan Mira 3 device, and the elemental composition was determined using an energy dispersive spectrometer Oxford instrument, X-max 80 mm2. Results. The dependence of the mice lethality on the nanopowders dose was revealed; mortality was higher when exposed to nano-TiO2-Ag compared to nano-TiO2. Average lethal doses were calculated using probit analysis. For nano-TiO2, the LD50 is 4783.30 mg/kg; for nano-TiO2-Ag – 724.44 mg/kg. The accumulation of titanium, titanium, and silver in the liver after exposure to nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2-Ag was established. In general, there was a tendency to increase the content of titanium in the skin tissue with an increase in the administered dose of nanopowders. Morphological changes in the liver were studied by histological methods. The most characteristic morphological signs of the toxic effect of nano-TiO2 on tissue were dystrophic changes at the level of 67.7 % (cytoplasmic vacuolization in hepatocytes), and when exposed to nano-TiO2-Ag – initial necrotic changes at the level of 70 % (hepatocytes with nuclear pyknosis). It is worth noting that the toxic effect of nano-TiO2 and nano-TiO2-Ag is much less often manifested by focal necrosis and inflammatory reactions (focal infiltration), in some cases, there were adaptive changes that provoked an increase in the number of binuclear hepatocytes. In case of detection agglomerates of a foreign object (crystalline inclusions) were obtained, which were examined spectrally and showed a high content of titanium (Ti). SEM morphometry showed that the size of nanoparticles and their agglomerates ranged from 80 nm to 20 μm. Conclusions. The lethality of mice was higher when the composition of nano-TiO2-Ag was introduced compared to nano-TiO2. Based on the calculated average lethal doses, both nanopowders were assigned to the 3rd class (moderately dangerous) of the danger of chemical substances according to the classification of GOST 12.1.007-76. It was established that with an increase in the injected dose in the tissue of the products of laboratory mice, the accumulation of titanium (under the action of nano-TiO2) and titanium and silver (under the act","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.282626
М. R. Khara, I. V. Korda, T. I. Podilska
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that one in six pregnant women (16.8 %) has diabetes. The prevalence of this disease in the human population is striking and, according to various sources, accounts for 14–25 % of all pregnant women. Most cases of hyperglycemia during pregnancy (75–90 %) is due to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Risk factors, etiology and pathophysiology of GDM are being actively studied, but there are still some controversial issues. For example, the development of GDM in the aspect of circadian rhythm disorders. This problem is especially relevant in connection with pregnancy. After all, there is a two-way relationship here – circadian rhythm disorders affect the course of pregnancy, and pregnancy can be the cause of these disorders. In addition, this problem is relevant for women with a history of endocrine disorders, including diabetes mellitus, as there is a clear link between circadian rhythms and the production of hormones, including insulin. The aim of this review was to show the relationship between the development of GDM, its complications, and circadian rhythm disorders in women. Pregnancy complicated by GDM can have a negative effect on the myocardium and liver. Moreover, this disease has a significant impact on the myocardium of the offspring. GDM also can cause other complications for the mother’s health and fetus or newborn. Scientists have identified a fairly significant number of risk factors for GDM. However, circadian rhythm disorders accompanying pregnancy are often underestimated as a risk factor. In general, there are many controversies regarding the relationship between long / short sleep duration and quality and the risk of developing diabetes, as well as how melatonin and its precursor serotonin affect metabolism in critical organs. Thus, the role of circadian rhythm disorders in the development of diabetes and its consequences is not yet fully understood. It is likely that solving the problem of circadian rhythm disorders will be the key to overcoming a significant proportion of cases of GDM. Therefore, there is an urgent need for further, larger-scale studies to investigate the causal links between circadian rhythm disorders, diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy.
{"title":"Gestational diabetus mellitus and its complications, role of desynchronosis in pathogenesis (a review)","authors":"М. R. Khara, I. V. Korda, T. I. Podilska","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.282626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.282626","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder during pregnancy. The International Diabetes Federation estimates that one in six pregnant women (16.8 %) has diabetes. The prevalence of this disease in the human population is striking and, according to various sources, accounts for 14–25 % of all pregnant women. Most cases of hyperglycemia during pregnancy (75–90 %) is due to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Risk factors, etiology and pathophysiology of GDM are being actively studied, but there are still some controversial issues. For example, the development of GDM in the aspect of circadian rhythm disorders. This problem is especially relevant in connection with pregnancy. After all, there is a two-way relationship here – circadian rhythm disorders affect the course of pregnancy, and pregnancy can be the cause of these disorders. In addition, this problem is relevant for women with a history of endocrine disorders, including diabetes mellitus, as there is a clear link between circadian rhythms and the production of hormones, including insulin. The aim of this review was to show the relationship between the development of GDM, its complications, and circadian rhythm disorders in women. Pregnancy complicated by GDM can have a negative effect on the myocardium and liver. Moreover, this disease has a significant impact on the myocardium of the offspring. GDM also can cause other complications for the mother’s health and fetus or newborn. Scientists have identified a fairly significant number of risk factors for GDM. However, circadian rhythm disorders accompanying pregnancy are often underestimated as a risk factor. In general, there are many controversies regarding the relationship between long / short sleep duration and quality and the risk of developing diabetes, as well as how melatonin and its precursor serotonin affect metabolism in critical organs. Thus, the role of circadian rhythm disorders in the development of diabetes and its consequences is not yet fully understood. It is likely that solving the problem of circadian rhythm disorders will be the key to overcoming a significant proportion of cases of GDM. Therefore, there is an urgent need for further, larger-scale studies to investigate the causal links between circadian rhythm disorders, diabetes mellitus, and pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-30DOI: 10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.286125
T. V. Shulyatnikova, V. O. Tumanskiy
The aim of the study. Immunohistochemical study of Nestin, CD44, Ki-67, GS, AQP4 expression in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and hippocampus of deceased patients with liver cirrhosis depending on the age and Child–Pugh score. Materials and methods. The brains of 90 deceased patients aged 65 ± 3 years with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis (LC) Child–Pugh class A, B and C were studied, which comprised 3 groups: group “A” – 30 deceased patients with compensated LC; “B” – 30 deceased patients with subcompensated LC (“mild decompensation”); “C” – 30 deceased patients with decompensated LC. Control group included brains of 30 patients died from acute cardiovascular failure and did not have liver disease. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups: patients ≤59 y. o. and patients ≥60 y. o. Grade 1–4 hepatic encephalopathy was detected in 59 out of 90 (65.55 %) patients with LC. The immunohistochemical levels of Nestin, CD44, Ki-67, GS and AQP4 were evaluated in paraffin tissue sections of the subventricular zones (SVZ) of the anterior and lower horns of the brain lateral ventricles, as well as the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the dentate gyrus (DG) and other structures of hippocampus in standardized fields of view of the microscope Scope A1 Carl Zeiss (Germany) using Videotest-Morphology 5.2.0.158 software. Results. In SVZ of control subgroups, Nestin+ astrocyte-like stem cells were localized mainly in subventricular glial nodules (SGN) and to a lesser extent in astrocytic ribbon. In brains of patients with compensated and subcompensated LC, there was increased Nestin expression compared to control (by 61.36 % and 208.74 %, respectively) due to increased numbers of Nestin+ cells in astrocytic ribbons. In the hippocampus of control and cirrhotic patients, Nestin expression was determined mainly in astrocyte-like cells of the fimbria-fornix, “glial plates” around the blood vessels entering the choroid plexus and subpial zone. In the SVZ of patients with subcompensated LC, the expressions of Nestin, CD44, and Ki-67 were maximally increased (by 208.74 %, 37.83 %, and 3 times, respectively), moreover, in the areas of periventricular reparative astrogliosis, in small foci of encephalolysis in the head of caudate nucleus, among GS+ and CD44+ astrocytes clusters of astrocyte-like Nestin+ and CD44+ cells were detected. In patients with decompensated LC, a significant decrease in Nestin and CD44 expression and absence of Ki-67 were observed in the SVZ, with a simultaneous maximum increase in the expression of GS and AQP4. Conclusions. In the neurogenic niches of the lateral ventricles and hippocampus of patients with compensated and subcompensated LC, there are signs of activation of neural stem cells and niche astrocytes with increased expression of Nestin, CD44, and Ki-67, which reaches maximum in subcompensated LC. Clusters of astrocyte-like Nestin+ and CD44+ cells appear in foci of periventricular repair, which probably migrate from active adjacent
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