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Fernando Lusa Bordin, The Analogy between States and International Organizations Fernando Lusa Bordin，国家与国际组织之间的类比
IF 0.7 Q2 LAW
International Organizations Law Review
Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-18010003
Lorenzo Gasbarri
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引用次数: 0
Shared Obligations and the Responsibility of an International Organization and Its Member States: The Case of EU Mixed Agreements 国际组织及其成员国的共同义务和责任:以欧盟混合协议为例
IF 0.7 Q2 LAW
International Organizations Law Review
Pub Date : 2021-07-29 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-18010005
Nataša Nedeski

Discussions on the allocation of international responsibility between an international organization and its member states do not comprehensively engage with the role of obligations in assigning responsibility to the organization and/or its members. The present article sets out what will be termed an obligations-based approach to the allocation of international responsibility by exploring the phenomenon of sharing international obligations by an international organization and its members, as well as the implications thereof for their responsibility under international law. It will do so by focusing on the practice of concluding mixed agreements by the EU and its member states, which commonly results in overlapping obligations for the organization and its members. It is ultimately argued that a distinction should be made between two types of shared obligations in mixed agreements in order to untangle who can be held responsible in case of a breach: the EU, the member state(s), or both.

关于国际组织及其成员国之间国际责任分配的讨论没有全面涉及义务在向组织和/或其成员分配责任中的作用。本条款通过探讨一个国际组织及其成员分担国际义务的现象及其对国际法规定的责任的影响，阐述了所谓的以义务为基础的分配国际责任的办法。它将把重点放在欧盟及其成员国达成混合协议的实践上，这通常会导致该组织及其成员国的义务重叠。最终认为，在混合协议中，应该区分两种类型的共同义务，以理清谁可以在违约的情况下承担责任:欧盟，成员国，或两者兼而有之。
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引用次数: 0
The imf Conditionality in the Age of Post-National Governance 后国家治理时代的imf条件性
IF 0.7 Q2 LAW
International Organizations Law Review
Pub Date : 2021-07-09 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-18010004
Vojtěch Belling, Lukáš Kollert, M. Vojta
The paper focuses on conditionality in imf programs for member states of monetary unions in light of the decision of the imf’s Executive Board on Program Design in Currency Unions (2018). Despite the growing importance of supranational institutions, the imf lacked until 2018 any explicit framework for imposing conditions on currency union bodies in cases where a member state of such a union requested an imf program. The aim of this paper is to assess the newly adopted imf approach to conditionality for currency union institutions based on the concept of “policy assurances” and to answer the question of whether the imf had authority to impose conditions on supranational institutions prior to the 2018 Board decision and whether the imf should in principle have such authority.
本文根据国际货币基金组织执董会关于货币联盟计划设计的决定(2018年)，重点研究了国际货币基金组织货币联盟成员国计划的条约性。尽管超国家机构的重要性日益增加，但直到2018年，imf还没有任何明确的框架来对货币联盟机构施加条件，以防此类联盟的成员国要求imf提供援助。本文旨在评估基于“政策保证”概念的imf对货币联盟机构的条件限制新采用的方法，并回答以下问题:imf在2018年执董会决定之前是否有权对超国家机构施加条件，以及原则上imf是否应该拥有这种权力。
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引用次数: 0
Multiple Attribution of Conduct in EU Security Missions 欧盟安全任务行为的多重归因
IF 0.7 Q2 LAW
International Organizations Law Review
Pub Date : 2021-07-07 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-18010002
E. Carli
The paper explores the question of multiple attribution of conduct in the framework of EU security missions. Considering the lack of special rules of the EU on attribution of conduct in the course of Common Security and Defence Policy missions, normative references can be found in the 2011 Articles on the Responsibility of International Organizations, in particular Article 7 establishing the concept of effective control exercised by the organization over the conduct, as well as in the 2001 Articles on the Responsibility of States, with regard to participating states and conduct of their organs. Several circumstances can be assumed where multiple attribution of conduct applies in such a scenario. This in turn would guarantee a higher degree of accountability and legal certainty, but it is first necessary for jurisprudence to move more decisively in this direction.
本文探讨了欧盟安全使命框架下行为的多重归属问题。考虑到欧盟缺乏关于共同安全和防务政策任务过程中行为归属的特别规则，2011年《国际组织责任条款》，特别是第7条确立了组织对行为行使有效控制的概念，以及2001年《国家责任条款》中关于参与国及其机关行为的规定。在这种情况下，可以假设行为的多重归属适用于几种情况。这反过来将保证更高程度的问责制和法律确定性，但法学首先有必要朝着这个方向更加果断地前进。
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引用次数: 0
Liberty of Entering in International Agreements and Compliance of International Obligations 参加国际协定的自由和履行国际义务的自由
IF 0.7 Q2 LAW
International Organizations Law Review
Pub Date : 2021-05-20 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-18010001
E. Tino
In August 2019 South Africa withdrew its signature from the Protocol on sadc Tribunal signed in 2014 by 9 sadc Member States. This decision was adopted in compliance with the judgment of the South African High Court as confirmed by the Constitutional Court which ruled that the participation of the President in the decision to suspend the sadc Tribunal, as well as his signature of the 2014 Protocol were unconstitutional, unlawful and irrational. These rulings are particularly ground-breaking in light of the conclusions they reached and raised some interesting implications under international law.
2019年8月，南非撤回了由9个南非国际法庭成员国于2014年签署的《南非国际法庭议定书》。这一决定是根据南非高等法院的判决通过的，宪法法院确认了这一判决，该判决裁定总统参与暂停sadc法庭的决定以及他签署2014年议定书是违宪、非法和不合理的。鉴于这些裁决得出的结论，这些裁决尤其具有开创性意义，并对国际法产生了一些有趣的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Unus Pro Omnibus, Omnes Pro Uno 一对一，一对一
IF 0.7 Q2 LAW
International Organizations Law Review
Pub Date : 2021-03-18 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-17020003
Tommaso Natoli
Neighbouring States form regional institutions for purposes that they cannot meet singularly, as in case of exceptional events that overwhelm national capacities. Comparing regional organizations endowed with specific Disaster Management (dm) functions provides a suitable analytical lens of this phenomenon, being a means for exploring how fundamental principles like sovereignty or solidarity are differently combined within their legal frameworks. Building on a comparative analysis of two regional models (eu and asean-aha), the article suggests that the positioning of regional organizations on the sovereignty-solidarity axis is facilitated by an adapted use of the well-known Latin maxim ‘unus pro omnibus, omnes pro uno’. This indicates both dynamics in which the organization is endowed with autonomous capacities of acting in support of members stricken by a catastrophic event, and those regional mechanisms whose functioning depends on the case-by-case involvement of their membership. As will be maintained, whereas these interrelated dynamics coexist in the two organizations analysed, they are differently modelled according to the respective regulatory settings. Yet, common trends in the development of respective institutional functioning can be detected.
邻国组成区域机构的目的是它们无法单独满足的，例如在发生压倒国家能力的特殊事件时。比较具有特定灾害管理职能的区域组织为这一现象提供了一个适当的分析视角，是探索主权或团结等基本原则如何在其法律框架内以不同方式结合在一起的一种手段。在对两种区域模式（欧盟和东盟-东盟模式）进行比较分析的基础上，文章认为，区域组织在主权团结轴上的定位是通过改编使用著名的拉丁格言“unus亲omnibus，omnes亲uno”来促进的。这既表明了该组织被赋予自主行动能力以支持遭受灾难性事件影响的成员的动态，也表明了那些运作取决于其成员具体参与的区域机制。正如将要维护的那样，尽管这些相互关联的动态在所分析的两个组织中共存，但根据各自的监管环境对它们进行了不同的建模。然而，可以发现各机构职能发展的共同趋势。
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引用次数: 4
The Formation of International Organizations Theory and Its Problems - Reflections Occasioned by Liesbet Hooghe, Tobias Lenz and Gary Marks, A Theory of International Organization 国际组织理论的形成及其问题——由胡厄、伦茨、马克斯《国际组织理论》引发的思考
IF 0.7 Q2 LAW
International Organizations Law Review
Pub Date : 2020-12-17 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-17020001
J. Klabbers
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引用次数: 0
Contents 内容
IF 0.7 Q2 LAW
International Organizations Law Review
Pub Date : 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.1163/18760104-01704007
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引用次数: 0
covid-19 and the Governance of International Organizations covid-19与国际组织治理
IF 0.7 Q2 LAW
International Organizations Law Review
Pub Date : 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-01703001
G. Burci
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引用次数: 0
The Role of Practice in International Organizations 实践在国际组织中的作用
IF 0.7 Q2 LAW
International Organizations Law Review
Pub Date : 2020-12-09 DOI: 10.1163/15723747-2019013
Lorenzo Arditi
This article explores the ‘practice’ of the International Monetary Fund (‘imf’) by focusing on the organization’s approach to recognition of governments. After analysing this approach in some detail, it surveys the organization’s practice from three perspectives. First, it identifies the different functions of practice within the imf’s legal system, including the imf’s treaty. Second, the article reviews how the practice of the imf relates to key conceptions of practice under international law: (i) as part of international custom; (ii) under articles 31(3)(b) and 32 of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties; and (iii) as a ‘rule of the organization’. Finally, the article compares ‘practice’ under the imf treaty and a national legal system by considering how the United States’ Supreme Court has interpreted the power to recognise governments under the USConstitution.
本文通过关注国际货币基金组织对政府的认可方法，探讨了该组织的“实践”。在详细分析了这种方法之后，它从三个角度考察了该组织的做法。首先，它确定了国际货币基金组织法律体系中实践的不同职能，包括国际货币基金会的条约。其次，文章回顾了国际货币基金组织的实践如何与国际法实践的关键概念相联系：（一）作为国际惯例的一部分；二根据1969年《维也纳条约法公约》第31（3）（b）条和第32条；以及（iii）作为“组织规则”。最后，文章通过考虑美国最高法院如何解释根据《美国宪法》承认政府的权力，比较了国际货币基金组织条约和国家法律体系下的“实践”。
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引用次数: 0
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