An important research initiative has allowed for the first time the basis of the Wellens protocol to be performed with a specially developed hexapolar gastro-oesophageal electrode (GOE) device. However, to maximize this new clinical procedure the addition of non-invasive His bundle potentials (HBP) detection will allow complete electro-physiological studies to be performed without the use of transvenous catheterisation and X-ray screening procedures. Thus, we have investigated a new method of HBP detection by using our GOE device. The novel lead configuration used here was between a high impedance chest electrode pad and the end tip electrode of the GOE device. This lead system configuration was combined with an optimized front-end ECG amplification and filtering, a high-resolution digitization at 16-bit, 4 kHz, and a particular SAECG processing technique. In a clinical trial, in four out of eight patients, successful detection of the HBP was observed. Detected HBP amplitude ranged between 1 and 3 /spl mu/V over a background noise (rms) ranging between 0.1 and 0.5 /spl mu/V as measured in the PR interval.
{"title":"Minimally invasive recording of His bundle potentials using a gastro-thoracic electrode system configuration","authors":"Omar J. Escalona, David McEneaney, Jmcc Anderson","doi":"10.1109/CIC.1996.542574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.1996.542574","url":null,"abstract":"An important research initiative has allowed for the first time the basis of the Wellens protocol to be performed with a specially developed hexapolar gastro-oesophageal electrode (GOE) device. However, to maximize this new clinical procedure the addition of non-invasive His bundle potentials (HBP) detection will allow complete electro-physiological studies to be performed without the use of transvenous catheterisation and X-ray screening procedures. Thus, we have investigated a new method of HBP detection by using our GOE device. The novel lead configuration used here was between a high impedance chest electrode pad and the end tip electrode of the GOE device. This lead system configuration was combined with an optimized front-end ECG amplification and filtering, a high-resolution digitization at 16-bit, 4 kHz, and a particular SAECG processing technique. In a clinical trial, in four out of eight patients, successful detection of the HBP was observed. Detected HBP amplitude ranged between 1 and 3 /spl mu/V over a background noise (rms) ranging between 0.1 and 0.5 /spl mu/V as measured in the PR interval.","PeriodicalId":433138,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Cardiology 1996","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132777355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Bruining, C. Birgelen, M. Mallus, P. D. Feyter, E. Vrey, W. Li, Francesco Prati, P. W. Serruys, J. Roelandt
At present most systems used for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction's of two-dimensional intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) images are based on an image acquisition with a pull-back device which withdraws the catheter with a constant speed, not taking account of cardiac motion and coronary dynamics/pulsation. Cyclic changes of the vessel dimensions and the movement of the catheter inside the vessel result in artifacts and inaccuracies of quantitative analysis. Furthermore, most systems in use for this kind of analysis applications store the ICUS image data on video tape for off-line analysis, which results in quality loss. To overcome these limitations and to achieve a rapid on-line analysis without quality loss resulting from unnecessary A/D-conversions, ECG-gated acquisition and direct digitisation of ICUS images was performed on-line.
{"title":"ECG-gated ICUS image acquisition combined with a semi-automated contour detection provides accurate analysis of vessel dimensions","authors":"N. Bruining, C. Birgelen, M. Mallus, P. D. Feyter, E. Vrey, W. Li, Francesco Prati, P. W. Serruys, J. Roelandt","doi":"10.1109/CIC.1996.542471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.1996.542471","url":null,"abstract":"At present most systems used for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction's of two-dimensional intracoronary ultrasound (ICUS) images are based on an image acquisition with a pull-back device which withdraws the catheter with a constant speed, not taking account of cardiac motion and coronary dynamics/pulsation. Cyclic changes of the vessel dimensions and the movement of the catheter inside the vessel result in artifacts and inaccuracies of quantitative analysis. Furthermore, most systems in use for this kind of analysis applications store the ICUS image data on video tape for off-line analysis, which results in quality loss. To overcome these limitations and to achieve a rapid on-line analysis without quality loss resulting from unnecessary A/D-conversions, ECG-gated acquisition and direct digitisation of ICUS images was performed on-line.","PeriodicalId":433138,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Cardiology 1996","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116802920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As the use of PACS in cardiac imaging is becoming more widespread, the demands on the functionality of PACS increases as well. OO database management software has become mature and use of it for PACS development can be considered as a possibility, especially the so called OO-relational DBMS solution that is capable of managing terabytes of information. The development of smart PACS for cardiac settings will become a realistic possibility. Experiences with one package are promising but much work has to be undertaken yet.
{"title":"Use of object oriented relational databases for cardiac images","authors":"M. Baljon, M. Gerritsen","doi":"10.1109/CIC.1996.542548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.1996.542548","url":null,"abstract":"As the use of PACS in cardiac imaging is becoming more widespread, the demands on the functionality of PACS increases as well. OO database management software has become mature and use of it for PACS development can be considered as a possibility, especially the so called OO-relational DBMS solution that is capable of managing terabytes of information. The development of smart PACS for cardiac settings will become a realistic possibility. Experiences with one package are promising but much work has to be undertaken yet.","PeriodicalId":433138,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Cardiology 1996","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120979199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianhua Zhou, A. Medvedev, W. Smith, L. Golding, J.D. Thomas
The Cleveland Clinic Implantable Ventricular Assist System (IVAS) is a nonpulsatile rotary pump designed to augment the failing left ventricle. The purpose of this study is to assess its impact on the cardiovascular system using computer simulation. The authors modified an existing numerical model (24 coupled differential equations representing all cardiac chambers and systemic and pulmonary vasculature). The pump was added as an auxiliary chamber between the left ventricle (LV) and aorta with pressure flow speed characteristics derived from in vitro testing. Pump function was assessed for normal and failing ventricles at various pump speeds. Computer simulations show that: 1) numerical modeling is useful for predicting hemodynamic response to IVAS; 2) IVAS results in normalization of cardiac output, especially in failing hearts, though with reduced pulse pressure.
{"title":"Numerical modeling of the failing ventricle: impact of a nonpulsatile ventricular assist system","authors":"Jianhua Zhou, A. Medvedev, W. Smith, L. Golding, J.D. Thomas","doi":"10.1109/CIC.1996.542499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.1996.542499","url":null,"abstract":"The Cleveland Clinic Implantable Ventricular Assist System (IVAS) is a nonpulsatile rotary pump designed to augment the failing left ventricle. The purpose of this study is to assess its impact on the cardiovascular system using computer simulation. The authors modified an existing numerical model (24 coupled differential equations representing all cardiac chambers and systemic and pulmonary vasculature). The pump was added as an auxiliary chamber between the left ventricle (LV) and aorta with pressure flow speed characteristics derived from in vitro testing. Pump function was assessed for normal and failing ventricles at various pump speeds. Computer simulations show that: 1) numerical modeling is useful for predicting hemodynamic response to IVAS; 2) IVAS results in normalization of cardiac output, especially in failing hearts, though with reduced pulse pressure.","PeriodicalId":433138,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Cardiology 1996","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127106125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A numerical model of quinidine induced use-dependent blockade of cardiac sodium channels based on the modulated receptor hypothesis of Hille (1977) and Hondeghem and Katzung (1977) was developed. Model rate constants for transitions between non-drug bound and drug bound states were determined by fitting model responses to experimental data. The drug block model was incorporated into the Oxsoft HEART V4.2 single ventricular cell model, which in turn was used to construct two-dimensional ventricular cell networks. Spiral wave reentry was initiated in the two-dimensional networks and a step increase in quinidine concentration was applied uniformly to each cell. Core position was fixed in the absence of drug. In the presence of drug, core position underwent large spatial translations. As a result of these translations, individual cells exhibited action potentials with highly variable amplitude and interbeat interval.
基于Hille(1977)和Hondeghem and Katzung(1977)的调节受体假说，建立了奎尼丁诱导使用性心脏钠通道阻断的数值模型。通过拟合模型响应与实验数据来确定非药物结合状态和药物结合状态之间转变的模型速率常数。将药物阻滞模型纳入Oxsoft HEART V4.2单心室细胞模型，构建二维心室细胞网络。螺旋波在二维网络中重新进入，奎尼丁浓度均匀地逐步增加到每个细胞。在没有药物的情况下，固定核心位置。在药物作用下，核心位置发生了较大的空间平移。由于这些转换，单个细胞表现出高度可变振幅和间隔跳动的动作电位。
{"title":"Numerical studies of use-dependent block of cardiac sodium channels by quinidine on spiral wave reentry","authors":"L. A. Irvine, R. Winslow","doi":"10.1109/CIC.1996.542611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.1996.542611","url":null,"abstract":"A numerical model of quinidine induced use-dependent blockade of cardiac sodium channels based on the modulated receptor hypothesis of Hille (1977) and Hondeghem and Katzung (1977) was developed. Model rate constants for transitions between non-drug bound and drug bound states were determined by fitting model responses to experimental data. The drug block model was incorporated into the Oxsoft HEART V4.2 single ventricular cell model, which in turn was used to construct two-dimensional ventricular cell networks. Spiral wave reentry was initiated in the two-dimensional networks and a step increase in quinidine concentration was applied uniformly to each cell. Core position was fixed in the absence of drug. In the presence of drug, core position underwent large spatial translations. As a result of these translations, individual cells exhibited action potentials with highly variable amplitude and interbeat interval.","PeriodicalId":433138,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Cardiology 1996","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125817985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Barbieri, J. Triedman, V. Di Virgilio, S. Cerutti, J. Saul
To evaluate how small decreases and increases of central volume influence heart rate and arterial pressure control multivariate autoregressive techniques were used to quantify the interactions between respiration, RR interval and arterial blood pressure during random interval breathing, at 3 low levels of lower body negative pressure and 3 low levels of increased central volume. In addition to the classic spectral parameters for each signal, the algorithms were used to derive the closed-loop feedforward and feedback gains for the baroreflex and the effects of respiration on RR interval. With reductions of central volume below control, baroreflex and respiratory sinus arrhythmia gains were generally reduced, while with increases of volume above control, they increased only for the first two levels, and decreased at the highest volume. These findings indicate that reflex heart rate control is maximum with mild hypervolemia, and are consistent with the presence of the Bainbridge reflex in healthy humans.
{"title":"Arterial pressure control during non-hypo/hypertensive changes in central venous volume: assessment with multivariate autoregressive modeling","authors":"R. Barbieri, J. Triedman, V. Di Virgilio, S. Cerutti, J. Saul","doi":"10.1109/CIC.1996.542479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.1996.542479","url":null,"abstract":"To evaluate how small decreases and increases of central volume influence heart rate and arterial pressure control multivariate autoregressive techniques were used to quantify the interactions between respiration, RR interval and arterial blood pressure during random interval breathing, at 3 low levels of lower body negative pressure and 3 low levels of increased central volume. In addition to the classic spectral parameters for each signal, the algorithms were used to derive the closed-loop feedforward and feedback gains for the baroreflex and the effects of respiration on RR interval. With reductions of central volume below control, baroreflex and respiratory sinus arrhythmia gains were generally reduced, while with increases of volume above control, they increased only for the first two levels, and decreased at the highest volume. These findings indicate that reflex heart rate control is maximum with mild hypervolemia, and are consistent with the presence of the Bainbridge reflex in healthy humans.","PeriodicalId":433138,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Cardiology 1996","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123727453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A new algorithm is proposed for the detection of optimal surfaces in multi-dimensional datasets. The algorithm is based on multi-dimensional dynamic programming. Cost functions were derived using a cylindrical object model by resampling the raw image data along perpendiculars to a prior contour. Radial and angular smoothing filters were used together with a radial derivative operator to convert the data into a cost function. The algorithm was applied To IVUS image sequences of explanted peripheral arterial segments. The algorithm was assessed by comparing the arterial wall estimates obtained from tracings, obtained slice by slice, by an expert human. The slope and intercept were: 1.06/spl plusmn/0.05, -57/spl plusmn/255 pixels, respectively. The slope and intercepts were not different from unity and zero, respectively (p>0.2). The algorithm is capable of recovering surfaces in 3D, has fixed memory requirements, and is fast.
{"title":"Optimal surface detection in intravascular ultrasound using multi-dimensional graph search","authors":"R. Frank, D. McPherson, K. Chandran, E. Dove","doi":"10.1109/CIC.1996.542469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.1996.542469","url":null,"abstract":"A new algorithm is proposed for the detection of optimal surfaces in multi-dimensional datasets. The algorithm is based on multi-dimensional dynamic programming. Cost functions were derived using a cylindrical object model by resampling the raw image data along perpendiculars to a prior contour. Radial and angular smoothing filters were used together with a radial derivative operator to convert the data into a cost function. The algorithm was applied To IVUS image sequences of explanted peripheral arterial segments. The algorithm was assessed by comparing the arterial wall estimates obtained from tracings, obtained slice by slice, by an expert human. The slope and intercept were: 1.06/spl plusmn/0.05, -57/spl plusmn/255 pixels, respectively. The slope and intercepts were not different from unity and zero, respectively (p>0.2). The algorithm is capable of recovering surfaces in 3D, has fixed memory requirements, and is fast.","PeriodicalId":433138,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Cardiology 1996","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114369916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The irregular ventricular (V) rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) may contribute to adverse hemodynamics and symptoms. An algorithm that adjusts pacing rate based on RR interval mean absolute difference (MADIFF) to reduce AF V rate variability was tested. Previous algorithms used a fixed % of V pacing to change pacing rate. Patients with chronic AF, intact AV nodal conduction, and a pacemaker were studied during V rate stabilization (VRS) pacing and control. Previous work showed that cardiac output was inversely related to the % of RRs which were short relative to the preceding RR. VRS eliminated 74% and 81% of cycles more than 10% and 20% shorter than the preceding RR interval. MADIFF was better correlated to the % of cycles more than 10% and 20% less than the preceding RR than was % pacing. Hence, a MADIFF-based VRS algorithm reduced the % of short RRs and may be a better indicator/controller of hemodynamic performance in AF than % pacing.
{"title":"A pacing parameter for controlling ventricular rate during atrial fibrillation: potential correlation to hemodynamic function","authors":"S. Greenhut, B. Steinhaus, J. Fraser, W. Hughes","doi":"10.1109/CIC.1996.542544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.1996.542544","url":null,"abstract":"The irregular ventricular (V) rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) may contribute to adverse hemodynamics and symptoms. An algorithm that adjusts pacing rate based on RR interval mean absolute difference (MADIFF) to reduce AF V rate variability was tested. Previous algorithms used a fixed % of V pacing to change pacing rate. Patients with chronic AF, intact AV nodal conduction, and a pacemaker were studied during V rate stabilization (VRS) pacing and control. Previous work showed that cardiac output was inversely related to the % of RRs which were short relative to the preceding RR. VRS eliminated 74% and 81% of cycles more than 10% and 20% shorter than the preceding RR interval. MADIFF was better correlated to the % of cycles more than 10% and 20% less than the preceding RR than was % pacing. Hence, a MADIFF-based VRS algorithm reduced the % of short RRs and may be a better indicator/controller of hemodynamic performance in AF than % pacing.","PeriodicalId":433138,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Cardiology 1996","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114593571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Electrical alternans at the repolarization phase of the cardiac cycle have been reported to be related with increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Here, the authors present and study a method for detecting ST-T complex alternans based on the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transform and a beatquency transform (Fourier transform of KL series with beat order as temporal reference). The ratio of the power in the band around 0.5 cycles/beat with respect to the total power is then used as indicator of the period 2 alternans presence. This is similarly done for period 4 alternans. To study the performance of this detection system the authors have generated a simulated alternating ECG with added noise (moving artifacts, EMG and baseline wander noise). The results for SNR around 15 dB for the ST-T complex (normal value for ECG signals) give a sensitivity and specificity for period 2 alternans detection of over 95%. This method applied to the entire European ST-T database gives 25 alternating episodes, 56% corresponding to ischemic episodes, showing that 5.3% of the ischemic episodes include alternans episodes.
{"title":"Repolarization alternans detection using the KL transform and the beatquency spectrum","authors":"P. Laguna, M. Ruiz, G. Moody, R. Mark","doi":"10.1109/CIC.1996.542626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.1996.542626","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical alternans at the repolarization phase of the cardiac cycle have been reported to be related with increased risk for ventricular arrhythmias (VA). Here, the authors present and study a method for detecting ST-T complex alternans based on the Karhunen-Loeve (KL) transform and a beatquency transform (Fourier transform of KL series with beat order as temporal reference). The ratio of the power in the band around 0.5 cycles/beat with respect to the total power is then used as indicator of the period 2 alternans presence. This is similarly done for period 4 alternans. To study the performance of this detection system the authors have generated a simulated alternating ECG with added noise (moving artifacts, EMG and baseline wander noise). The results for SNR around 15 dB for the ST-T complex (normal value for ECG signals) give a sensitivity and specificity for period 2 alternans detection of over 95%. This method applied to the entire European ST-T database gives 25 alternating episodes, 56% corresponding to ischemic episodes, showing that 5.3% of the ischemic episodes include alternans episodes.","PeriodicalId":433138,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Cardiology 1996","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128411153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Linares, V. Torrealba, G. Montilla, A. Bosnjak, C. Jimenez, V. Barrios
This work presents 3D cardiac images rendering based on volumetrics of plane sections obtained from the cardiac wall segmentation. This work introduces a non-rigid model based on physics as a segmentation method. An object is constructed in the shape of a polygon of n vertices, with masses on each of them, interconnected with springs to each other. The model is deformed when exposed to a force field that moves it toward the desired contour. In order to obtain the volumetric reconstructed rendering of the ventricular cavity, the method was used on a series of apical views of the heart of a healthy person. The views belong to radial sections (equally spaced in angle) which, alter segmentation, and by means of a bilinear interpolation process, permitted the reconstruction of a 3D image of the ventricular cavity.
{"title":"Deformable model application on segmentation in 3-D echocardiography","authors":"P. Linares, V. Torrealba, G. Montilla, A. Bosnjak, C. Jimenez, V. Barrios","doi":"10.1109/CIC.1996.542561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.1996.542561","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents 3D cardiac images rendering based on volumetrics of plane sections obtained from the cardiac wall segmentation. This work introduces a non-rigid model based on physics as a segmentation method. An object is constructed in the shape of a polygon of n vertices, with masses on each of them, interconnected with springs to each other. The model is deformed when exposed to a force field that moves it toward the desired contour. In order to obtain the volumetric reconstructed rendering of the ventricular cavity, the method was used on a series of apical views of the heart of a healthy person. The views belong to radial sections (equally spaced in angle) which, alter segmentation, and by means of a bilinear interpolation process, permitted the reconstruction of a 3D image of the ventricular cavity.","PeriodicalId":433138,"journal":{"name":"Computers in Cardiology 1996","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124595620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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