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Journal of Language and Aging Research最新文献

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A study of the semantic preference and semantic prosody associated with the denominations of aging people 与老年人教派相关的语义偏好和语义拟声研究
Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.15460/jlar.2024.2.1.1183
Denis Jamet, Christophe Coupé
This paper studies the representation and conceptualization of aging people depending on the way they are referred to through a series of near synonyms: old / older / elderly / middle-aged / mature + N. A specific focus will be laid on the notions of "semantic preference," i.e., "the tendency for an item to co-occur with a set of semantically related words," and  "semantic prosody," a.k.a. "evaluative, pragmatic, emotive or attitudinal prosody," to account for the evaluative aspect linked to certain denominations. This paper compares semantic preference and semantic prosody with five near-synonymous adjectives. It shows that denominations of aging people acquire a specific evaluation – a negative or positive semantic prosody – through their semantic preference, in that specific case the different attributive adjectives used in prenominal position of the sequences under scrutiny. This study addresses the question of the frequent negative axiology linked to the discourses on old age and aging through the notion of semantic prosody and will mostly examine the potential gender differences in the denominations of aging people.
本文将研究老龄化人群的表征和概念化,这取决于通过一系列近义词(老/较老/老年/中年/成熟+N)来称呼他们的方式、和 "语义拟声"(又称 "评价、语用、情感或态度拟声")这两个概念,以解释与某些称谓相关的评价方面。本文比较了五个近似同义形容词的语义偏好和语义拟声。结果表明,老龄人的称谓通过其语义偏好获得了特定的评价--消极或积极的语义拟声--在这种特定情况下,被研究序列的名前位置使用了不同的属性形容词。本研究通过语义拟声的概念,探讨了与老年和老龄化论述相关的经常性消极公理的问题,并将主要研究老龄人称谓中潜在的性别差异。
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引用次数: 0
Language and Aging Research in Open Science platforms 开放科学平台中的语言与老龄化研究
Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.15460/jlar.2024.2.1.1424
David Bowie, A. Gerstenberg
Open Science is not just a rewarding endeavor for those involved in Language and Aging Research (LAR), but an important pursuit in its own right. The editorial presents two Open Science platforms and asks whether and how LAR topics are addressed. The transmission of academic knowledge to a wider public of practitioners, older adults and their environment could potentially improve the daily challenges of family life and care settings. Beyond this unidirectional transmission, the presence of a wider public and the awareness of channels to spread the knowledge can also inspire research and help to focus on relevant topics suitable for applications in real world scenarios.
对于参与语言与老龄化研究(LAR)的人来说,开放科学不仅是一项有益的工作,而且本身就是一项重要的追求。社论介绍了两个开放科学平台,并提出了是否以及如何解决语言与老龄化研究(LAR)课题的问题。将学术知识传播给更广泛的从业人员、老年人及其环境,有可能改善家庭生活和护理环境的日常挑战。除了这种单向传播外,更广泛的公众的存在和对知识传播渠道的认识也能激发研究灵感,有助于关注适合在现实世界中应用的相关主题。
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引用次数: 0
Morphological processing across the adult lifespan: a tale of gains and losses 成年人一生中的形态加工:得与失的故事
Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.15460/jlar.2024.2.1.1053
Jana Reifegerste
Despite increasing research on language in aging, age effects on morphological processing have received comparatively little attention. Some previous evidence suggests that while regular morphology (e.g., walk-walked) may remain relatively stable in older age, irregular morphology (e.g., bring-brought) shows signs of age-related decreases in processing efficiency. However, the underlying reasons for these declines are unclear. The current study sought to investigate the cognitive underpinnings of age-related effects on German noun plurals: default plurals (posited to follow a default rule [e.g., Zebra-Zebras 'zebra(s)']) and predictable and unpredictable non-default plurals (closed class plurals, in which the plural is either phonologically predictable from the singular [e.g., Flasche-Flaschen 'bottle(s)'] or unpredictable [e.g., Nest-Nester 'nest(s)']). In a cross-modal priming experiment, 283 healthy German native speakers (aged 18–91 years) performed lexical decisions on singular nouns which take different types of plural affixes, and which were primed by either their plural form ("morphological condition") or an unrelated noun ("unrelated condition"). Additionally, several cognitive abilities (declarative, procedural, and working memory, interference control, processing speed) were tested to assess their mediating role for morphological processing. The results revealed distinct developmental trajectories for default versus non-default plurals: priming effects (unrelated-morphological condition) for predictable and unpredictable non-default plurals decreased with increasing age, with age-related declines in declarative memory mediating these declines. In contrast, priming effects for default plurals increased with increasing age. Although the reasons for this increase remain to be clarified, we suggest lifelong experience with the computation of these forms as a possible mechanism.
尽管有关老龄语言的研究越来越多,但年龄对形态加工的影响却很少受到关注。以前的一些证据表明,虽然规则形态(如 "走-走")在老年期可能保持相对稳定,但不规则形态(如 "带来-带来")的处理效率却出现了与年龄相关的下降迹象。然而,这些下降的根本原因尚不清楚。本研究试图探究与年龄相关的德语名词复数效应的认知基础:默认复数(假定遵循默认规则 [如:Zebra-Zebras 'zebras、斑马-斑马'zebra(s)'])以及可预测和不可预测的非默认复数(封闭类复数,其中复数在语音上可以从单数中预测[如 Flasche-Flaschen 'bottle(s)'] 或不可预测[如 Nest-Nester 'nest(s)'])。在一项跨模态引物实验中,283 名健康的德语母语者(年龄在 18-91 岁之间)对单数名词进行了词汇判断,这些名词带有不同类型的复数词缀,引物是其复数形式("形态条件")或无关名词("无关条件")。此外,还测试了几种认知能力(陈述性记忆、程序性记忆和工作记忆、干扰控制、处理速度),以评估它们对形态加工的中介作用。结果显示,默认复数词与非默认复数词的发展轨迹截然不同:对可预测和不可预测的非默认复数词的引物效应(非相关-形态条件)随着年龄的增长而下降,而与年龄相关的陈述性记忆的下降则是这些下降的中介。相反,默认复数的引物效应则随着年龄的增长而增加。虽然这种增加的原因仍有待澄清,但我们认为,计算这些形式的终生经验可能是一种机制。
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引用次数: 0
Dementia stigma: representation and language use 痴呆症耻辱化:代表性和语言使用
Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.15460/jlar.2024.2.1.1266
E. Putland, Gavin Brookes
Linguistic choices are widely understood to have the potential to contribute to, but also to challenge, dementia stigma. This scoping review therefore aims to better understand: 1) the characteristics of language-oriented studies into representations of dementia and people with dementia, particularly regarding theoretical engagement with dementia stigma; and 2) what specific linguistic features have the potential to contribute to and/or challenge dementia stigma. Using Scopus, PubMed, PsychInfo and Google Scholar, 44 papers published between January 2000 and December 2022 were selected and thematically synthesized. We found that the number of publications addressing language and dementia stigma increased dramatically over the period covered. Most studies (75 %) did not explicitly define their use of the term stigma, and those that did drew on a range of theories and sources. Linguistic features associated with stigma included catastrophizing metaphors and the personification of dementia as a cruel enemy. Distancing and delegitimizing strategies were popularly used for people living with dementia, including homogenization, negative group labels, dehumanizing metaphors, infantilization and passivization. Humor could be used to perpetuate dementia stigma, but also to resist and reclaim stigmatizing discourses. Dementia stigma could be challenged through redefining the roles attributed to social actors, directly critiquing harmful discourses, and by providing counter-discourses. Counter-discourses used normalizing, holistic, person-centerd, rights-based, optimistic and affirmative language. Overall, a complex picture of language and dementia stigma emerges. Based on our review of the 44 papers considered, we argue that much language has the potential to perpetuate or resist stigma, and that this is shaped by and depends upon the broader discursive context within which such language use takes place.
人们普遍认为,语言选择有可能导致痴呆症的成见,但也有可能对其提出挑战。因此,本范围综述旨在更好地了解:1)以语言为导向的痴呆症和痴呆症患者表征研究的特点,尤其是痴呆症成见的理论参与;2)哪些特定的语言特点有可能促成和/或挑战痴呆症成见。通过使用 Scopus、PubMed、PsychInfo 和 Google Scholar,我们选取了 2000 年 1 月至 2022 年 12 月间发表的 44 篇论文,并进行了专题综合。我们发现,在此期间,涉及语言和痴呆症成见的论文数量急剧增加。大多数研究(75%)并没有明确定义其对成见一词的使用,而那些明确定义的研究则借鉴了一系列理论和资料来源。与成见相关的语言特点包括灾难化隐喻和将痴呆症人格化为残酷的敌人。对痴呆症患者普遍采用疏远和去合法化策略,包括同质化、负面群体标签、非人化隐喻、幼稚化和被动化。幽默可以用来延续痴呆症的污名化,但也可以用来抵制和恢复污名化话语。可以通过重新定义社会行动者的角色、直接批评有害的话语以及提供反话语来挑战痴呆症污名化。反话语使用了正常化、全面、以人为本、基于权利、乐观和肯定的语言。总之,语言和痴呆症成见的关系错综复杂。根据我们对 44 篇论文的综述,我们认为许多语言都有可能延续或抵制成见,而这是由更广泛的话语环境决定的,并取决于这种语言的使用环境。
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引用次数: 0
Including older adults in variationist sociolinguistics via mobile self-recording 通过移动自记录将老年人纳入变异社会语言学
Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.15460/jlar.2023.1.1.1241
S. Wagner
Variationist sociolinguistics has made significant contributions to linguistics and allied fields in the study of language variation and change. Yet within this paradigm, older adults remain understudied. There are non-trivial methodological challenges to collecting language data from the old age population. However, the Covid-19 pandemic led to increasing use of remote data collection methods that could fruitfully be employed with older adults. The MI Diaries project’s rich and growing collection of self-recorded ‘audio diaries’ via a custom mobile app demonstrates the success of this technology. An open-source version of the app, currently in development, will be adaptable to older users. For individuals who feel isolated, sending regular self-recordings to a responsive research team could be socially beneficial. As for variationist sociolinguistics, remote technologies could allow for greater engagement with outstanding  research questions about older adults’ sociolinguistic identities and their participation in language change.
变异社会语言学对语言变异和变化的研究在语言学和相关领域做出了重大贡献。然而,在这种模式下,老年人仍然没有得到充分的研究。从老年人口中收集语言数据在方法上面临着不小的挑战。然而,2019冠状病毒病大流行导致越来越多地使用远程数据收集方法,这些方法可以有效地用于老年人。MI日记项目通过定制的移动应用程序收集了丰富且不断增长的自录“音频日记”,这证明了这项技术的成功。该应用程序的开源版本目前正在开发中,将适用于老年用户。对于那些感到孤立的人来说,定期向响应性研究团队发送自我记录可能对社会有益。对于变异社会语言学来说,远程技术可以让人们更多地参与到有关老年人社会语言学身份及其参与语言变化的突出研究问题中。
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引用次数: 0
“¿Cómo te sientes? – With my butt!”: code-choice-related humor in bilingual speakers living with dementia of the Alzheimer’s type “哎哟!”-用屁股!:患有阿尔茨海默氏症的双语者与语码选择相关的幽默
Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.15460/jlar.2023.1.1.1052
Carolin Schneider, Besa Qalaj
This study investigates data from three narrative interviews held with people living with early- and mid-stage dementia of the Alzheimer’s type (DAT) and their primary care partners speaking English and Spanish in informal settings; the analysis focuses on the humorous moves which are employed by the participants living with dementia in both languages. Drawing on the General Theory of Verbal Humor and the Cooperative Principle, this study sheds light on the conversational humor on a semantic (i.e. language-dependent) as well as pragmatic level (i.e. contextually situated) initiated by the people living with dementia in this dataset while investigating the interpersonal goals behind such moves. By analyzing the (intentional) humorous practices and their respective code choices, our aim is to gain a better understanding of the pragmatic abilities of speakers which are retained while experiencing communication challenges in the face of DAT. This study thus contributes with increased knowledge about people living with dementia as active conversational partners.
本研究调查了三次叙述性访谈的数据,访谈对象是阿尔茨海默氏症早期和中期痴呆患者及其初级保健伙伴,他们在非正式场合说英语和西班牙语;分析的重点是痴呆症患者在两种语言中使用的幽默动作。根据言语幽默的一般理论和合作原则,本研究揭示了在语义(即语言依赖)和语用水平(即语境定位)上由该数据集中的痴呆症患者发起的会话幽默,同时调查了这些举动背后的人际目标。通过分析有意的幽默行为及其各自的语码选择,我们的目的是更好地了解说话者在面对数据数据的交际挑战时所保留的语用能力。因此,这项研究有助于增加对痴呆症患者作为积极对话伙伴的认识。
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引用次数: 0
In support of researching later-life language variation and change 支持研究晚年语言的变异和变化
Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.15460/jlar.2023.1.1.1240
H. Pichler
Variationist sociolinguists must commit to developing age-comprehensive theories of sociolinguistic variation and lifespan change. They must extend analyses of patterns of language variation and change to include the oft-neglected later life-course, and must embrace cross-disciplinary knowledge exchange to identify and explore those ageing-associated biological, psychological and social changes that may impact language use in later life. Improved understanding of later-life linguistic diversity and instability will enhance current sociolinguistic theorizing and potentially also provide hypotheses about factors impacting language use in the early life-course. It will promote a richer understanding of the extent and interconnectedness of behaviour changes in later life. And it will also benefit the community of older adult language users by celebrating them as competent and agentive language users.
变异主义社会语言学家必须致力于发展社会语言学变异和寿命变化的年龄综合理论。他们必须扩展对语言变异和变化模式的分析,以包括经常被忽视的晚年生活过程,并且必须接受跨学科的知识交流,以确定和探索那些可能影响晚年语言使用的与年龄相关的生物、心理和社会变化。提高对晚年语言多样性和不稳定性的理解将加强当前的社会语言学理论,并可能提供关于早期生活过程中影响语言使用的因素的假设。它将促进对晚年生活中行为变化的程度和相互联系的更丰富的理解。它还将使老年人语言使用者社区受益,因为他们是有能力和能动性的语言使用者。
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引用次数: 0
Aging language and language typology, or why we should pay attention to cross-linguistic features when studying aging 老龄化语言与语言类型学,或者为什么我们在研究老龄化时要注意跨语言特征
Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.15460/jlar.2023.1.1.1239
O. Ivanova
Studies of language and aging have generally found similar patterns across users of different languages. However, there have been a few studies that have found differences, and these merit more attention. These differences can provide insight into the ways that the experience of aging differs among users of these languages, which can be useful information for practitioners. It can also uncover underlying differences in the target languages that researchers might not otherwise recognize, which could prove useful for theoretical investigations of language as well as provide ways to better inform directions for future research into language and aging.
对语言和衰老的研究发现,不同语言的使用者之间普遍存在类似的模式。然而,也有一些研究发现了差异,这些研究值得更多的关注。这些差异可以让我们深入了解这些语言的使用者对衰老的体验有哪些不同,这对从业者来说可能是有用的信息。它还可以揭示研究人员可能无法识别的目标语言的潜在差异,这可能对语言的理论研究有用,并为未来语言和老龄化的研究提供更好的方向。
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引用次数: 1
In the prime of life: ERP evidence for syntactic comprehension priming in older adults 在生命的黄金期:老年人句法理解启动的ERP证据
Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.15460/jlar.2023.1.1.1108
Willem S. van Boxtel, L. Lawyer
Background: Recent studies suggest older adults’ implicit learning of syntactic patterns remains largely intact. Syntactic priming has proven to be a sensitive tool to examine this implicit sensitivity. However, most priming studies with older adults have focused on production, and none have included an electrophysiological component. This study explores the neural correlates of syntactic priming in older adults’ comprehension. Method: We used a self-paced reading and event-related potential paradigm with groups of older and younger adults. Reduced Relative targets were primed, unprimed, or lexically boosted, while reading times and EEG recordings were obtained. Pre-tests of Working Memory and Processing Speed were also recorded. Results: Older adults showed intact priming and lexical boost on reading times, while lexical facilitation was dependent on syntactic overlap in the older but not the younger group. Syntactic priming was evident on N400 and P600 modulations on verbs and nouns in Reduced Relatives, and generally did not differ by age group. This suggests older and younger adults are equally susceptible to syntactic facilitation, and makes the case for more non-declarative, electrophysiological measurements of older adults’ sentence processing ability in future studies.
背景:最近的研究表明,老年人对句法模式的内隐学习在很大程度上是完整的。句法启动已被证明是检验这种隐式敏感性的敏感工具。然而,大多数针对老年人的启动研究都集中在生产上,没有一个包括电生理成分。本研究探讨了句法启动在老年人理解中的神经关联。方法:我们采用自定节奏阅读和事件相关电位范式,对老年人和年轻人进行分组。在获得阅读时间和脑电图记录的同时,对减少的相对目标进行启动、未启动或词汇增强。工作记忆和处理速度的预测试也被记录下来。结果:老年人在阅读时间上表现出完整的启动效应和词汇促进作用,而老年人的词汇促进作用依赖于句法重叠,而年轻人则没有。句法启动对动词和名词的N400和P600调制有明显的影响,总体上不存在年龄组差异。这表明老年人和年轻人同样容易受到句法促进的影响,并为在未来的研究中对老年人的句子处理能力进行更多非陈述性的电生理测量提供了理由。
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引用次数: 0
Language and aging research: contradictions and aspirations 语言与老龄化研究:矛盾与愿望
Pub Date : 2023-08-03 DOI: 10.15460/jlar.2023.1.1.1243
David Bowie, A. Gerstenberg
With the Journal of Language and Aging Research, scholars in related fields are provided with a common venue. The newly founded journal continues and accompanies the Corpora for Language and Aging Research (CLARe) network's series of conferences started in 2014. Research in this field is confronted with major challenges, including: (1) to account for specific facets of age while not ignoring its inherent dynamics of aging; (2) to promote expertise in different related linguistic disciplines and at the same time develop its a coherent visibility; (3) to avoid stereotypes while addressing specific communicative issues in the society, as well as in families and in care institutions, covering an ever growing range of languages and varieties. The genuinely digital format is aimed at providing an open platform for innovations in the field.
《语言与老龄化研究杂志》为相关领域的学者提供了一个共同的平台。这份新创办的期刊将伴随2014年开始的语言与老龄化研究语料库(CLARe)网络系列会议继续下去。该领域的研究面临着主要挑战,包括:(1)在考虑年龄的具体方面的同时,不要忽视其固有的衰老动态;(2)促进不同相关语言学科的专业知识,同时发展其连贯的可见性;(3)避免刻板印象,同时解决社会、家庭和护理机构中的具体交流问题,涵盖越来越多的语言和品种。真正的数字格式旨在为该领域的创新提供一个开放的平台。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Language and Aging Research
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