International Review of Social Psychology最新文献

Research suggests that approach and avoidance-decreasing or increasing self-stimulus distance, respectively-influence self-evaluation. However, this conclusion typically stems from examining approach and avoidance as a pair, while no empirical research has satisfactorily isolated the unique causal contribution of each behaviour. To address this gap, three experiments (N _Total = 1929) used an adapted Manikin Task incorporating a proper control condition (i.e., no distance change) to first isolate the effect of approach, relying on both reaction time and self-report measures. Furthermore, by incorporating avoidance in the last experiment, this task allowed us to oppose model-based theoretical predictions. Results did not reveal any behaviour-specific effects. Nevertheless, the proposed methodology opens new avenues for investigating the behavioural determinants of self-construal.

We examine the mechanisms by which interviewees in investigative interviews mentally organize information when deciphering what an interviewer wants to know. The overarching idea is that such a process stems from the extent to which an interviewer's question specifies an objective. Our initial test (i.e., Neequaye & Lorson, 2023) suggested two competing mechanisms: High-specificity questions lead interviewees to focus on particularly relevant details to the exclusion of other information, while low-specificity questions make interviewees focus on a broader range of information items (Mechanism-1)-versus-Interviewees generally assume that interviewers want to know all the information at their disposal, irrespective of question specificity (Mechanism-2). We conducted two conceptual replications to gain clarity (Replication 1, N = 318; Replication 2, N = 292). The results were similar across the board. The more specific the questions an interviewer posed, the more likely interviewees homed in on the details that should provide a pragmatic response to those questions. And interviewees' disposition, whether cooperative, semi-cooperative, or resistant, had no effect on information-item designations. Contrary to our expectations, interviewees remained confident that they had identified what their interviewer wanted to know, irrespective of Question-Specificity. This result held irrespective of whether the interviewer mixed high- and low-specificity questions (Replication 1) or consistently asked high- versus low-specificity questions (Replication 2). Thus, at this point in the research program, we lean more toward Mechanism-1.

The aim of this study was to explore the Latino American asylum seekers' acculturation preferences in Spain and their relationship with psychosocial variables (stereotypes, emotions, quality of contact, perceived discrimination and social support), differentiating between public and private domains of the Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM). Ninety-eight asylum seekers (44.9% females) answered a questionnaire. Results show that they prefer assimilation in public domains and integration in private domains, showed positive stereotypes and emotions towards Spaniards, perceived a pleasant contact, a low level of discrimination, and moderate-high social support. Different significant predictors emerged: emotions and family support (in public domains) and family support (in private domains) for maintenance preferences; and competence and quality of contact (in public domains) and friends support (in private domains) for adoption preferences.

Dominant social representations of history play a central role in shaping how societies interpret the past and regulate intergroup relations in the present. Yet empirical evidence on how historical narratives causally influence racist beliefs remains limited. Drawing on the Social Representations of History framework, the present research examines how dominant and counter-representations of colonial history relate to the endorsement of biological and cultural racism. Focusing on the Portuguese context, where colonial history is often narrated through a positive and benevolent lens grounded in the ideology of Luso-tropicalism-the belief that Portuguese colonialism was uniquely tolerant and benign-we investigate both correlational and causal pathways linking these representations to racist attitudes. In Study 1 (N = 216), using data from CRONOS-2, part of the European Social Survey Round 10, we show that endorsement of Luso-tropicalist beliefs predicts higher levels of both biological and cultural racism, above and beyond age and education. In Study 2 (N = 220), we experimentally manipulated representations of colonial history using three conditions: a positive representation derived from a textbook, a negative representation, and a neutral control. Results indicate that biological racism was significantly lower when colonial history was presented in a negative frame compared to a combined positive and neutral representation, while no significant differences emerged for cultural racism. Together, findings from Study 1 and Study 2 provide novel evidence that counter, negative representations of colonial history can attenuate racist beliefs. By integrating correlational and experimental evidence, this research contributes to broader debates on social representations of history as political projects with enduring consequences for contemporary intergroup relations.

Prior research revealed a correlation between individual differences in neuroticism (specifically, the component of trait anxiety) and evaluative conditioning (i.e., changes in attitude due to stimulus pairings). In two studies (N = 274 and N = 294), we examined which cognitive biases may explain this relation. In an evaluative conditioning procedure that included either clearly valenced (positive or negative) or ambivalent (positive and negative) stimuli, we used eye-tracking technology to measure attentional bias (dwell time within stimulus areas of interest), valence recollection tests to measure contingency awareness and memory bias, and adjective ratings to assess interpretation bias. In the second experiment, we additionally assessed attentional avoidance strategies. Correlation analyses did not reveal significant associations between any personality variable (neuroticism, anxiety, behavioral inhibition) and evaluative conditioning effects in either experiment. Implications are discussed in terms of methodological and theoretical contributions.

This Registered Report pertains to the face-name matching effect (Zwebner et al. 2017), according to which people can match the first name to an unknown target face above chance level. The purpose of the Registered Report was twofold: (i) to perform an independent conceptual replication of the face-name matching effect, and (ii) to establish the nature of the effect. To this end, undergraduate students were presented with uniform pictures of unfamiliar faces of similar age and ethnicity and asked to select these targets' first names among two alternatives that were equated for length. Half of the trials constituted target trials, in which a face was accompanied by the true name of the depicted person and a filler name. The other half constituted sibling trials, in which a face was accompanied by the name of the same-sex sibling of the depicted person and a filler name. The target trials were meant to establish the generalizability of the face-name matching effect. If participants could reliably match a person's true name to their face with these homogeneous materials, it would indicate that it is a pervasive effect that extends obvious ethnic, cultural, and zeitgeist differences. The sibling trials were meant to establish whether the effect extends to sibling names. If participants could also reliably match a face and the name of the depicted person's sibling, it would indicate that we entertain stereotypes for types of names, of which individual names could be regarded as tokens. Such a finding would be in line with predictions from the field of socio-onomastics, according to which names are vehicles for social meaning creation that are systematically governed by the socioeconomic characteristics of the name givers. If the face-name matching effect for target trials were to exceed that of sibling trials, this would constitute evidence that names also carry additional, individuating information. Our results provided no conclusive evidence in support of either the face-name matching effect or an analogous effect involving sibling names. Although participants' accuracy in identifying true names and sibling names slightly exceeded chance, these effects were not statistically significant, and Bayesian analyses yielded inconclusive evidence. Moreover, no significant difference was found between performance on target versus sibling trials, and Bayesian analysis provided evidence in favor of the null hypothesis of no difference. These findings indicate constraints on the generalizability of the face-name matching effect and suggest that its emergence depends on the heterogeneity of the stimulus materials.

Despite the social nature of generalized political attitudes such as conspiracy mentality, right-wing authoritarianism (RWA), and social dominance orientation (SDO), dyadic phenomena concerning these attitudes have not been comprehensively investigated. Employing Response Surface Analysis on two longitudinal samples of couples in romantic relationships (N _1;T1 = 249 couples, N _1;T2 = 76, N _2;T1 = 312, N _2;T2 = 263), this research examined a) couple similarity in generalized political attitudes, b) whether similarity concurrently and longitudinally predicted relationship satisfaction, and c) whether couples converged in their attitudes over time. Partners exhibited substantial similarity in all attitude dimensions. However, there was only little support that similarity predicted relationship satisfaction. Finally, romantic partners did not converge in their attitudes over time, indicating that couple similarity reflected initial assortment rather than convergence. The wide prevalence of ideologically congruent relationships may restrict the range of political views that individuals are exposed to, potentially playing a role in political polarization.

This pre-registered study presents the French-language validation of the Social Dominance Orientation scale₇ (SDO₇), originally developed by Ho et al. (2015). The SDO is a key variable in research on intergroup relations. Over the past two decades, a bidimensional conceptualization has emerged, distinguishing between SDO-Dominance (SDO-D) and SDO-Egalitarianism (SDO-E). These subdimensions enhance our understanding of the legitimizing myths that sustain social hierarchy. According to the original work of Ho et al. (2015), and across three independent samples (N = 1121), we found that a four-factor model (SDO-D; SDO-E; Pro-trait; Con-trait) provided the best fit to the data compared to three alternative models. Additionally, we examined the concurrent validity of the subscales using partial correlations. Results indicate that the subscales are differentially associated with attitudes and endorsement of ideological beliefs. Specifically, SDO-D is more strongly associated with attitudes and ideologies that directly oppress disadvantaged groups, whereas SDO-E is more closely linked to subtle legitimizing myths that justify social inequalities. A short version of the scale is provided in the supplementary materials.

Addressing ongoing intergroup conflicts remains a major challenge for social psychologists. The present vignette-based experiment (N = 178) examined a historical conflict between Romanians (the majority group) and Romas (the historically disadvantaged group), exploring the effects of intergroup apologies issued by the disadvantaged group, intergroup contact, and their interaction on forgiveness and trust toward the Romas. The perceived sincerity of the apology and the perceived typicality of the apologizing representatives were examined as potential factors shaping the relationship between the apology and these outcomes. Results show that intergroup contact was positively associated with both forgiveness and trust, while apologies led to increased trust. Perceiving the apology as sincere was associated with greater forgiveness, whereas perceiving the apologizing representatives as typical of their group predicted higher levels of both forgiveness and trust, highlighting the central role of recipients' perceptions. Present findings emphasize that low-power groups can actively contribute to reconciliation processes and provide practical insights for practitioners working in conflict-affected societies.

The role of perceiver differences in impression formation remains relatively poorly understood. One line of research has tried to understand these differences by exploring the role of perceivers' needs and motivations, reasoning that perceivers should form more positive impressions of targets who appear more likely to address their needs. For example, a perceiver with a stronger affiliation motive might have a more positive impression of someone who looks more (vs. less) extraverted. We conducted two preregistered replication studies of proposed associations between three individual difference variables and likeability impressions of individuals varying in perceived extraversion. Using the original stimuli and study design (Study 1, n = 273) and two additional stimulus sets and an improved study design (Study 2, n = 367), we did not find that individual differences in (a) affiliative needs, (b) pathogen concern, or (c) sociosexual orientation were associated with likeability impressions of individuals varying in perceived extraversion. Bayesian analyses supported this conclusion. Our findings highlight the need for additional research to understand how individual differences shape social perception.