Pub Date : 2024-07-18DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.3.1202
Noralhuda Idrees, Samir Nehme
This study aims to illustrate the effect of the reciprocal relationship between the exchange rates and interest rates on the bond market by using the SVAR model for China during (2000 -2020), this is to analyze and measure the relationship between exchange rates and interest rates and showing their impact through changes in the bond index and monitoring the changes that occur in their traded prices in the financial markets. This study is based on three standard model estimations. The first model includes the effect of interest rates and inflation on the exchange rates. The second model shows the effect of the exchange rates and money supply on the interest rate. The third model includes the effect of exchange and interest rates on the bond index. The Structural Vector Auto Regression Model (SVAR) was used to test the long-term relationship between the variables of the study, in addition to the variance Decomposition analysis and the analysis of the Impulse response functions (IRF). The results showed that the reciprocal relationship between the exchange rates and interest rates is a positive inverse relationship, and the effect is in both directions. In other words, when the prevailing interest rate rises in the country, it leads to an appreciation in the value of the currency due to the increase in demand for the currency of that country, resulting in a depreciation in its exchange rate and conversely. In addition, the results indicated that the bond index is sensitive to any shock or any unexpected change in exchange rate and interest rate and that these shocks manifest in the short term and stabilize in the long term.
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF THE RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXCHANGE RATES AND INTEREST RATES ON THE BOND MARKET USING THE SVAR MODEL FOR CHINA FOR THE PERIOD FROM (2000-2020)","authors":"Noralhuda Idrees, Samir Nehme","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.3.1202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.3.1202","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to illustrate the effect of the reciprocal relationship between the exchange rates and interest rates on the bond market by using the SVAR model for China during (2000 -2020), this is to analyze and measure the relationship between exchange rates and interest rates and showing their impact through changes in the bond index and monitoring the changes that occur in their traded prices in the financial markets. This study is based on three standard model estimations. The first model includes the effect of interest rates and inflation on the exchange rates. The second model shows the effect of the exchange rates and money supply on the interest rate. The third model includes the effect of exchange and interest rates on the bond index. The Structural Vector Auto Regression Model (SVAR) was used to test the long-term relationship between the variables of the study, in addition to the variance Decomposition analysis and the analysis of the Impulse response functions (IRF). The results showed that the reciprocal relationship between the exchange rates and interest rates is a positive inverse relationship, and the effect is in both directions. In other words, when the prevailing interest rate rises in the country, it leads to an appreciation in the value of the currency due to the increase in demand for the currency of that country, resulting in a depreciation in its exchange rate and conversely. In addition, the results indicated that the bond index is sensitive to any shock or any unexpected change in exchange rate and interest rate and that these shocks manifest in the short term and stabilize in the long term.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141827700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1304
S. A. Ahmed
the language we use daily; A product of society, but each of us embodies it in his way. Therefore, the speaker produces the language, but there is another aspect of the language, which is ready-made linguistic pieces, used directly by the individual owned by the linguistic group. Formulaic language is a general term for ready-made phrases in the language that have previously been produced and stored in human memory. This language usually has a fixed grammatical formula and a special meaning according to the situation and context in which it is presented. The use of this language leads to the coordination of sentences in the process of writing and communication, as well as adopting the eloquence of the sender and can influence the recipient more and convince him of his ideas, as well as help in logical intentions, automatic translation, and smart answers. This research, titled "Percentage of using formulaic language in media discourse: A comparison between the visual media and the written press", sheds light on the intensity of the formal language in the visual media and the written press. In the beginning, the formulaic language was explained, and then its use in the Kurdish media was explained. The importance of research in linking the media discourse with formal language, the purpose of which is to know the percentage of using this language on the one hand, and on the other hand, to know the percentage of its use between the two types. To conduct the research, (18) interviews and articles were taken from the visual media and the written press. After that, six components of the grammatical language were extracted, which are (linguistic accompaniment, coins (expressions), metaphor, proverbs, phrasal verbs, and lexical expressions) according to (Wadi), and the use of each one of them was indicated in a table.
{"title":"Percentage of using formulaic language in media discourseA comparison between the visual media and the written press","authors":"S. A. Ahmed","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1304","url":null,"abstract":"the language we use daily; A product of society, but each of us embodies it in his way. Therefore, the speaker produces the language, but there is another aspect of the language, which is ready-made linguistic pieces, used directly by the individual owned by the linguistic group.\u0000Formulaic language is a general term for ready-made phrases in the language that have previously been produced and stored in human memory. This language usually has a fixed grammatical formula and a special meaning according to the situation and context in which it is presented. The use of this language leads to the coordination of sentences in the process of writing and communication, as well as adopting the eloquence of the sender and can influence the recipient more and convince him of his ideas, as well as help in logical intentions, automatic translation, and smart answers.\u0000This research, titled \"Percentage of using formulaic language in media discourse: A comparison between the visual media and the written press\", sheds light on the intensity of the formal language in the visual media and the written press. In the beginning, the formulaic language was explained, and then its use in the Kurdish media was explained. The importance of research in linking the media discourse with formal language, the purpose of which is to know the percentage of using this language on the one hand, and on the other hand, to know the percentage of its use between the two types.\u0000To conduct the research, (18) interviews and articles were taken from the visual media and the written press. After that, six components of the grammatical language were extracted, which are (linguistic accompaniment, coins (expressions), metaphor, proverbs, phrasal verbs, and lexical expressions) according to (Wadi), and the use of each one of them was indicated in a table.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140360957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1325
Faez I. Muhammad
This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between sexual capital, religiosity, and makeup of university girls in the Kurdistan region and how they affect each other. Since the type of research is "quantitative", it is based on the "survey method" and "questionnaire". The sampling method in this research was "stratified random sampling". The questionnaire was distributed among 402 female students in Erbil public and private universities, and SPSS and SmartPLS software was used for data analysis. The results of the research indicate that there is a direct relationship between "sexual capital" derived from Catherine Hakim's theory and "university girls' makeup" in the Kurdistan region. The type of Correlation and the effect of these two variables with "religiosity" are opposite and negative. After linking the "Makeup" variable with the demographic variables and placing them in the linear regression model, it was found that daily "exercise" and "study" have an inverse Correlation, while "social status" and "economic status" have a direct Correlation.
{"title":"The relationship between “Sexual capital”, “Religiosity” and “University girls' Makeup” in Kurdistan Region","authors":"Faez I. Muhammad","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1325","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between sexual capital, religiosity, and makeup of university girls in the Kurdistan region and how they affect each other. Since the type of research is \"quantitative\", it is based on the \"survey method\" and \"questionnaire\". The sampling method in this research was \"stratified random sampling\". The questionnaire was distributed among 402 female students in Erbil public and private universities, and SPSS and SmartPLS software was used for data analysis. The results of the research indicate that there is a direct relationship between \"sexual capital\" derived from Catherine Hakim's theory and \"university girls' makeup\" in the Kurdistan region. The type of Correlation and the effect of these two variables with \"religiosity\" are opposite and negative. After linking the \"Makeup\" variable with the demographic variables and placing them in the linear regression model, it was found that daily \"exercise\" and \"study\" have an inverse Correlation, while \"social status\" and \"economic status\" have a direct Correlation.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140359657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-31DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1371
Viyan M. Sami, Saad Kh. Elias, Farhad S. Jameel
المستخلص يستهدف البحث الحالي إلى قياس تأثير القيادة الذاتية في الجامعات الخضراء في جامعة زاخو إذ تمثلت أبعاد القيادة الذاتية بـ (التركيز على السلوك، المكافأة الطبيعة، التفكير البنّاء) واستعمل الباحثين أسلوب العينة العشوائية فتم توزيع (103) إستبانة والتي كانت الأداة الرئيسة للبحث، وتم إسترجاع (95) إستبانة علماً أن الصالح للتحليل الإحصائي كانت (76) إستبانة ولتحقيق ذلك تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي لجمع البيانات وتحليلها بواسطة برنامج (AMOS 26). وتوصّل البحث إلى نتائج تؤكد وجود علاقة إرتباط معنوية موجبة بين القيادة الذاتية والجامعات الخضراء، كذلك تأكيد التأثير المعنوي للقيادة الذاتية وأبعادها في التوجّه نحو الجامعات الخضراء في الجامعة المبحوثة، وأهم الاستنتاجات التي تم التوصّل إليها تتمثل في إهتمام الكادر التدريسي والوظيفي بالقيادة الذاتية كالتركيز على السلوك والمكافأة الطبيعية والتفكير البنـّاء يُعدّ مؤشراً في التقدّم بمستوى جامعة زاخو ضمن مستويات الجامعات الخضراء عالمياً، وأما أهم التوصيات فتتمثل في السعي الدائم للإلتزام بالقيادة الذاتية من قِبَل الجيل الحالي لتحقيق الإستفادة من البُنى التحتية داخل الحرم الجامعي وفق الضوابط البيئية للحفاظ عليها للأجيال القادمة في المستقبل. الكلمات المفتاحية: القيادة الذاتية، الإدارة الذاتية، الجامعات الخضراء، الممارسات الخضراء.
{"title":"القيادة الذاتية مدخل نحو الجامعات الخضراء دراسة إستطلاعية لآراء عينة من الكادر التدريسي والوظيفي في جامعة زاخو إقليم كوردستان العراق","authors":"Viyan M. Sami, Saad Kh. Elias, Farhad S. Jameel","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1371","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1371","url":null,"abstract":"المستخلص \u0000 يستهدف البحث الحالي إلى قياس تأثير القيادة الذاتية في الجامعات الخضراء في جامعة زاخو إذ تمثلت أبعاد القيادة الذاتية بـ (التركيز على السلوك، المكافأة الطبيعة، التفكير البنّاء) واستعمل الباحثين أسلوب العينة العشوائية فتم توزيع (103) إستبانة والتي كانت الأداة الرئيسة للبحث، وتم إسترجاع (95) إستبانة علماً أن الصالح للتحليل الإحصائي كانت (76) إستبانة ولتحقيق ذلك تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي لجمع البيانات وتحليلها بواسطة برنامج (AMOS 26). \u0000 وتوصّل البحث إلى نتائج تؤكد وجود علاقة إرتباط معنوية موجبة بين القيادة الذاتية والجامعات الخضراء، كذلك تأكيد التأثير المعنوي للقيادة الذاتية وأبعادها في التوجّه نحو الجامعات الخضراء في الجامعة المبحوثة، وأهم الاستنتاجات التي تم التوصّل إليها تتمثل في إهتمام الكادر التدريسي والوظيفي بالقيادة الذاتية كالتركيز على السلوك والمكافأة الطبيعية والتفكير البنـّاء يُعدّ مؤشراً في التقدّم بمستوى جامعة زاخو ضمن مستويات الجامعات الخضراء عالمياً، وأما أهم التوصيات فتتمثل في السعي الدائم للإلتزام بالقيادة الذاتية من قِبَل الجيل الحالي لتحقيق الإستفادة من البُنى التحتية داخل الحرم الجامعي وفق الضوابط البيئية للحفاظ عليها للأجيال القادمة في المستقبل. \u0000الكلمات المفتاحية: القيادة الذاتية، الإدارة الذاتية، الجامعات الخضراء، الممارسات الخضراء.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"13 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140358865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1074
Nasraddin E. Mohammad
The current research aims to identify happiness and its relationship with the locus of control and types of thinking in terms of social and economic variables among Zakho university students expected to graduate. The sample of the research consists of (638) students selected randomly from the University. For this purpose, the researcher used four scales, the scale of happiness feeling consists of (33) items and the scale for the measurement of locus of control consists (25) items, and two scales for measuring two types of thinking: inductive and deductive thinking consist of (17) items, after extracted psychometric properties, and for the purpose of data collection appropriated statistical methods were used. The results of the study indicated that participants have happiness in general and own internal locus of control, and use both inductive and deductive thinking, and also found that there are statistically significant differences according to variables: sex, specialization, marital status, and the family's economic level, in happiness and locus of control and types of thinking among students, and also found that there is no statistically significant differences according to the other variables with the happiness among university students expected to graduate and its relationship with their locus of control and types of thinking.
{"title":"Happiness and its relationship with locus of control and types of thinking among university students expected to graduate","authors":"Nasraddin E. Mohammad","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1074","url":null,"abstract":"The current research aims to identify happiness and its relationship with the locus of control and types of thinking in terms of social and economic variables among Zakho university students expected to graduate. The sample of the research consists of (638) students selected randomly from the University. For this purpose, the researcher used four scales, the scale of happiness feeling consists of (33) items and the scale for the measurement of locus of control consists (25) items, and two scales for measuring two types of thinking: inductive and deductive thinking consist of (17) items, after extracted psychometric properties, and for the purpose of data collection appropriated statistical methods were used. The results of the study indicated that participants have happiness in general and own internal locus of control, and use both inductive and deductive thinking, and also found that there are statistically significant differences according to variables: sex, specialization, marital status, and the family's economic level, in happiness and locus of control and types of thinking among students, and also found that there is no statistically significant differences according to the other variables with the happiness among university students expected to graduate and its relationship with their locus of control and types of thinking.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"40 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1300
Ahmad A. Hama, Bakhtiar I. Fatah
Superstition as a culture has mythological and historical roots, it is difficult to remove so easily among individuals in society, the aims of this study are to measure the prevalence of superstitious thought among students and finding the most important superstitious thought University students According to the variables (gender, place of residence and specialty ) the descriptive method was used to describe superstitious thoughts among university students, the research community is the students of Sulaimani University and (378) students were taken as a sample. the results show that Superstitious thoughts dominate the thinking of university students, Superstitious thoughts are more among female students than male students and I more among students who living in urban areas and It is lower among students in scientific colleges than in medical and humanities colleges.
{"title":"Level of Superstitious Thinking among University Students","authors":"Ahmad A. Hama, Bakhtiar I. Fatah","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1300","url":null,"abstract":"Superstition as a culture has mythological and historical roots, it is difficult to remove so easily among individuals in society, the aims of this study are to measure the prevalence of superstitious thought among students and finding the most important superstitious thought University students According to the variables (gender, place of residence and specialty ) the descriptive method was used to describe superstitious thoughts among university students, the research community is the students of Sulaimani University and (378) students were taken as a sample. the results show that Superstitious thoughts dominate the thinking of university students, Superstitious thoughts are more among female students than male students and I more among students who living in urban areas and It is lower among students in scientific colleges than in medical and humanities colleges.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"53 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140376563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-26DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1334
Basheer Y. Ismail, Najat W. Khalid
This research paper aims to explore the impact of IFRS 15 on the income statement, and describe the accounting process according to GAAP. To achieve research aims, the financial statements (2019 – 2022) of Al-Khayata Al-Hadytha as a joint firm in Iraqi securities exchange have been used as an apply study, and apply IFRS 15 on its statements, as well as the paper discusses the key principles of IFRS 15 and examines its effects on financial reporting, disclosure requirements, and the potential challenges faced by organizations during the implementation process. The research finds out that the recognition of revenues according to IFRS 15 has positively affected on the accounting process of firms, and leads to enhance of financial reporting quality by using the principles of IFRS.
{"title":"THE EFFECT OF APPLYING IFRS 15 ON THE INCOME STATEMENT: AN APPLY STUDY ON AL-KHAYATE AL- HADYTHA FIRM","authors":"Basheer Y. Ismail, Najat W. Khalid","doi":"10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1334","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper aims to explore the impact of IFRS 15 on the income statement, and describe the accounting process according to GAAP. To achieve research aims, the financial statements (2019 – 2022) of Al-Khayata Al-Hadytha as a joint firm in Iraqi securities exchange have been used as an apply study, and apply IFRS 15 on its statements, as well as the paper discusses the key principles of IFRS 15 and examines its effects on financial reporting, disclosure requirements, and the potential challenges faced by organizations during the implementation process.\u0000The research finds out that the recognition of revenues according to IFRS 15 has positively affected on the accounting process of firms, and leads to enhance of financial reporting quality by using the principles of IFRS.","PeriodicalId":502467,"journal":{"name":"Humanities Journal of University of Zakho","volume":"88 26","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-25DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1263
Falah Kh. Mirzo, Farsat M. Ismael
پۆختە: پشتی کو ئەوروپی د هێرشێن خۆیێن خاچداریدا ل رۆژهەت ژلایێ لەشکەریڤە شکەستنێ دئینن، ل دەستپێکا سەدێ حەفتێ کۆچی/ سێزدێ زایینی هزرەك ل دەڤ هزرمەندێن ئەوروپا پەیدادبیت، ئەوژی بکارئینانا شێوازێ خاچدارییا ئاشتیانە بوو، نەکو جهێ خاچدارییا چەکداری بگریت، بەلێ داکو ببیتە پشتبەستەك بۆ بزاڤا لەشکەرییا خاچداران دژی موسلمانان، ئەو هزرە ل سەدێن حەفتێ و هەشتێ کۆچی/ سێزدێ و چاردێ زایینی ژلایێ ئەورپیانڤە دکەڤیتە د بوارێ جێبەجێکرنێدا، ب تایبەت پشتی دەولەتا ئێلخانی ل سەردەستێ هولاکو دهێتە دامەزراندن، ئەوژی ژبەر دلسۆزییا وی و ئێلخانێن ددیڤ ویدا بۆ مەسیحییان. پاپایێ ڕۆما و شاهێن ئەوروپا ئەوێ چەندێ ب دەلیڤە دبینن و دەست ب چالاکیێن مژدەبەرییێ دکەن د ناڤ ئاخا دەولەتا ئێلخانیدا، ئەوژی ب ڕێکا هنارتنا شاندێن خۆیێن مژدەبەرییێ، ل هەردوو قوناغێن پتپەرستییێ و ئیسلامی ژ دەستهەڵاتداریا ئێلخانێن مەغولی ب دەهان شاندێن فرەنسیسکانی و دومنیکانی د‌هێنە هنارتن، ب رێکا دامەزراندنا مەترانیەك و چەندین ئەسقفی و قوتابخانێن مەسیحی، بۆ ماوێ بتری هەشتی سالێن حوکمێ ئێلخانان، پاپایێ ڕۆما و شاهێن ئەوروپا مژدەبەرییێ ب ئایینێ مەسیحی دکەن ل سەر مەزهەبێ کاسولیکی ل ناڤ ئاخا دەولەتا ئێلخانی. د ئەڤێ ڤەکۆلینێدا بەرسڤا چەندین پرسیارێن گرنگ هاتییەدان ل دۆر ئەوێ بزاڤا مژدەبەرییێ، ژ وان ژی: ئەرێ ئەو بزاڤا مژدەبەرییا مەسیحی ل ناڤ چ ئایین یان مەزهەبان دهاتە ئەنجامدان؟ ئەرێ هەلویستێ ئێلخانێن مەغولی و خەلکێ وێ ب گشتی بەرامبەر ئەوێ بزاڤێ چ بوو؟ ئەرێ ئەوێ بزاڤێ شیا ئارمانجێن خۆ ب دەستڤە بینیت؟. ڤەکۆلینێ پشتبەستن ل سەر چەندین ژێدەرێن سەرەکی و لاوەکییێن ب زمانێن جودایێن عەرەبی، ئینگلیزی و فارسی کریە. پەیڤێن سەرەکی: ئێلخانی، مەسیحی، مژدەبەری، ئەوروپا، خاچداری.
但是：只要您准备好与世界分享您的想法，您就能与世界分享您的想法，因为您将与世界分享您的想法。Hazermaanden is a great tool for reading, so if you are a reader of our book, you will show us how in the same way you would use it.除了莫塞尔曼家的集市，这也是莫塞尔曼生活中最重要的部分之一，因为它是莫塞尔曼生活中最重要的部分。在这里，我们可以观看到 "胡乐大马士革 "的视频，也可以观看到 "胡乐大马士革 "的视频，还可以观看到 "胡乐大马士革 "的视频。除了达尔豪斯和沙赫纳计划之外，教皇还参加了达尔豪斯家族的活动。Hannartna Shandan，对于那些想更多地了解基督教和伊斯兰教这一宗教的人来说，蒙古政府已邀请他访问伊尔哈尼市，讨论这一问题。毛罗-彼得罗夫斯基（Mauro Petrovsky）说，汉纳顿的方济各会和道明会，就像达马赞达纳大坝是世界上最著名的基督教主教和神父一样。鹰人、帕帕-拉玛和沙汉是基督教界最重要的榜样，因为只有他们才能满足卡苏利奇人对纳武达乌拉达乌拉的需求。这也是 "Nav Daula Daula "活动中最重要的角色之一，因为只有他们才能满足 "Kasuliki "对 "Nav Daula Daula "的需求："耶稣基督真的是纳夫盖恩斯维尔的救世主吗？"他说。这是了解阿拉伯语、英语和波斯语历史的最佳途径之一。但这还不是全部：Alkhani、耶稣基督、Mujdaaberi、Aurobia、Khachdari。
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Pub Date : 2024-03-24DOI: 10.26436/hjuoz.2024.12.1.1320
Warhel S. Mohammad, Dildar H. Ahmed
تهدف الدراسة الحالية في تقدير أثر بعض مؤشرات الاستدامة المالية مقاسا بكل من (الدين العام، الايرادات النفطية، الإنفاق الحكومي، معدلات الفائدة، التضخم، السعر الصرف) في النمو الاقتصادي مقاسا ب (الناتج المحلي الإجمالي) في العراق للمدة (2004-2022). واستخدمت الدراسة الاسلوب الكمي بإستخدام انموذج الإنحدار الذاتي للإبطاء الموزع ARDL وذلك لتقدير معلمات متغيرات المستخدمة للاستدامة المالية، وتبينت من نتائج الدراسة بأن لمتغيرات الاستدامة المالية تأثير معنوي في النمو الاقتصادي للعراق خلال المدة (2004-2022)، حيث أظهرت نتائـج الدراسـة وجـود علاقـة توازنيـة طويلـة الأجـل بيـن الاستدامة المالية وبين النمو الاقتصادي، إذ تُعـد الإيرادات النفطية من أهـم متغيـرات الاستدامة المالية تأثيـراً في النمو الاقتصادي، يليها متغير الإنفاق الحكومي، ثم يأتـي متغيـر معدل سعر الصرف بالأهمية الثالثة، يليه متغير إجمالي الدين العام، وأخيراً متغير معدل التضخم. بينما لم يظهر التأثير المعنوي لمتغير معدل الفائدة على النمو الاقتصادي في الأجل الطويل، وتقترح الدراسة مجموعة من المقترحات، من أهمها ترشيد الانفاق الحكومي والتركيز على الانفاق الاستثماري من اجل توليد دخل اضافي في المستقبل وبالتالي زيادة احتمالية الاستدامة المالية، وايجاد مصادر تمويل اضافية من قطاعات اقتصادية حيوية في العراق مثل الزراعة والصناعة وتقليل الاعتماد الكلي على الايرادات النفطية من خلال خطة استراتيجية لتنويع مصادر الايرادات كما فعلها اغلب دول مجلس التعاون الخليجي.
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