Pub Date : 2018-07-25DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a1.2018
Laura Centore, D. Ugarković, D. Scaravelli, T. Safner, Karlo Pandurić, N. Šprem
Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the locomotor activity pattern of European mouflon and axis deer in a Mediterranean habitat on the island of Rab, and to determine the temporal overlap between these two species. Nine cameras with an infrared motion detection system were used to track animal activity over a 12-month period, 24 hours per day. A total of 122082 JPEG photographs were obtained, of which 69273 recorded the presence of the two target non-native ungulate species. The average monthly number of recorded animals varied by sex and season for European mouflon and by season for axis deer. Both species displayed a bimodal activity pattern, with an overlap coefficient of 0.74 for the activity of both species during the entire study period. The results indicate a non-competitive coexistence and similar activity patterns in the studied ungulate species, despite the high overlap coefficient.
{"title":"Locomotor activity pattern of two recently introduced non-native ungulate species in a Mediterranean habitat","authors":"Laura Centore, D. Ugarković, D. Scaravelli, T. Safner, Karlo Pandurić, N. Šprem","doi":"10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a1.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a1.2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine the locomotor activity pattern of European mouflon and axis deer in a Mediterranean habitat on the island of Rab, and to determine the temporal overlap between these two species. Nine cameras with an infrared motion detection system were used to track animal activity over a 12-month period, 24 hours per day. A total of 122082 JPEG photographs were obtained, of which 69273 recorded the presence of the two target non-native ungulate species. The average monthly number of recorded animals varied by sex and season for European mouflon and by season for axis deer. Both species displayed a bimodal activity pattern, with an overlap coefficient of 0.74 for the activity of both species during the entire study period. The results indicate a non-competitive coexistence and similar activity patterns in the studied ungulate species, despite the high overlap coefficient.","PeriodicalId":50436,"journal":{"name":"Folia Zoologica","volume":"2 1","pages":"17 - 24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87431523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-24DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a5.2018
Ke He, Jing Qing, Zejun Zhang, Biao Yang, Kan Zhang, F. Huang, Zhisong Yang, Q. Dai, X. Gu, Xuyu Yang, Y. Huang, Desheng Li, He-min Zhang
Abstract. Reintroductions and translocations have proven to be effective measures for rescuing small, isolated populations of endangered wildlife. However, the reproductive status of released wildlife is hard to obtain. To date, a giant panda named Luxin is the only translocated giant panda that has successfully bred in the wild. Using data collected from the GPS collar attached to her, we analysed her activity and home range during a breeding year and compared these values with those collected during a non-breeding (control) year. Delivery and mating days can be identified by extremely low levels of activity or even by the absence of activity. The activity of a giant panda with an infant was low, but it increased gradually after delivery. The activity rates during both the delayed implantation period and the infant-caring period were significantly lower in the breeding year than those in the control year. In the breeding year, the home ranges during the delayed implantation period and pregnancy were larger than those in the control year, while the home range during the infant-caring period was much smaller than that in the control year. Our results suggest that GPS collars embedded with activity sensors can be used to monitor the breeding status of released female giant pandas. They can provide valuable information for decision making in future release projects, providing only small disturbances to released giant pandas.
{"title":"Assessing the reproductive status of a breeding, translocated female giant panda using data from GPS collar","authors":"Ke He, Jing Qing, Zejun Zhang, Biao Yang, Kan Zhang, F. Huang, Zhisong Yang, Q. Dai, X. Gu, Xuyu Yang, Y. Huang, Desheng Li, He-min Zhang","doi":"10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a5.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a5.2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Reintroductions and translocations have proven to be effective measures for rescuing small, isolated populations of endangered wildlife. However, the reproductive status of released wildlife is hard to obtain. To date, a giant panda named Luxin is the only translocated giant panda that has successfully bred in the wild. Using data collected from the GPS collar attached to her, we analysed her activity and home range during a breeding year and compared these values with those collected during a non-breeding (control) year. Delivery and mating days can be identified by extremely low levels of activity or even by the absence of activity. The activity of a giant panda with an infant was low, but it increased gradually after delivery. The activity rates during both the delayed implantation period and the infant-caring period were significantly lower in the breeding year than those in the control year. In the breeding year, the home ranges during the delayed implantation period and pregnancy were larger than those in the control year, while the home range during the infant-caring period was much smaller than that in the control year. Our results suggest that GPS collars embedded with activity sensors can be used to monitor the breeding status of released female giant pandas. They can provide valuable information for decision making in future release projects, providing only small disturbances to released giant pandas.","PeriodicalId":50436,"journal":{"name":"Folia Zoologica","volume":"14 1","pages":"54 - 60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85224908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a3.2018
Filippo Dell’Agnello, Ralf Barfknecht, S. Bertolino, D. Capizzi, Matilde Martini, Valeria Mazza, F. Riga, M. Zaccaroni
Abstract. The Savi's pine vole, Microtus savii is an Italian species living in grasslands, both natural and anthropogenic (i.e. agroecosystems) where it is generally considered a pest because it may damage crops and orchards. As for most rodent pests, the extent of the damage might depend on population density and temporal food availability (e.g. Brown et al. 2007, Jacob & Tkadlec 2010). However, data on demographic parameters are not available, making ecologically-based management strategies difficult to plan. Therefore, we conducted a study on Savi's pine vole demography for one year in two study areas in central Italy using capture-mark-recapture method. Density values ranged from 3 to 32 ind./ha, the highest population densities occurred in October, while the lowest occurred in February-April in both study areas. Turnover rates of both populations were very high, with time of residency usually no longer than two months. Juveniles' survival was constant in both study areas, but it differed between the two populations regarding adults. The two populations showed similar demographic trends along the year with relatively small intra-annual fluctuations. The breeding season covered the whole year in both areas. The results here presented contribute to add meaningful information about this poorly known species, and could be useful to plan population control strategies for this rodent in agroecosystems.
摘要萨维松田鼠(Microtus Savi)是一种意大利物种，生活在草原上，自然和人为(即农业生态系统)，它通常被认为是一种有害生物，因为它可能破坏庄稼和果园。对于大多数啮齿动物有害生物，损害程度可能取决于种群密度和食物供应时间(例如Brown et al. 2007, Jacob & Tkadlec 2010)。但是，由于没有关于人口参数的数据，因此难以规划以生态为基础的管理战略。因此，我们在意大利中部的两个研究区采用捕获-标记-再捕获的方法对萨维松田鼠进行了为期一年的人口统计学研究。密度值在3 ~ 32个/ha之间，10月密度最高，2 ~ 4月密度最低。这两种人口的流动率都很高，居住时间通常不超过两个月。幼鱼的存活率在两个研究区域都是恒定的，但在两个种群中，成年鱼的存活率有所不同。这两个种群全年的人口趋势相似，年内波动相对较小。这两个地区的繁殖季节覆盖全年。本文的研究结果有助于增加对这一鲜为人知的物种的有意义的信息，并可用于规划农业生态系统中这种啮齿动物的种群控制策略。
{"title":"Consistent demographic trends in Savi's pine vole between two distant areas in central Italy","authors":"Filippo Dell’Agnello, Ralf Barfknecht, S. Bertolino, D. Capizzi, Matilde Martini, Valeria Mazza, F. Riga, M. Zaccaroni","doi":"10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a3.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a3.2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Savi's pine vole, Microtus savii is an Italian species living in grasslands, both natural and anthropogenic (i.e. agroecosystems) where it is generally considered a pest because it may damage crops and orchards. As for most rodent pests, the extent of the damage might depend on population density and temporal food availability (e.g. Brown et al. 2007, Jacob & Tkadlec 2010). However, data on demographic parameters are not available, making ecologically-based management strategies difficult to plan. Therefore, we conducted a study on Savi's pine vole demography for one year in two study areas in central Italy using capture-mark-recapture method. Density values ranged from 3 to 32 ind./ha, the highest population densities occurred in October, while the lowest occurred in February-April in both study areas. Turnover rates of both populations were very high, with time of residency usually no longer than two months. Juveniles' survival was constant in both study areas, but it differed between the two populations regarding adults. The two populations showed similar demographic trends along the year with relatively small intra-annual fluctuations. The breeding season covered the whole year in both areas. The results here presented contribute to add meaningful information about this poorly known species, and could be useful to plan population control strategies for this rodent in agroecosystems.","PeriodicalId":50436,"journal":{"name":"Folia Zoologica","volume":"114 1","pages":"35 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86781824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a4.2018
Ramchandra Meghwal, C. Bhatnagar, V. K. Koli
Abstract. The four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) is a vulnerable, solitary endemic and smallest Asian herbivore bovid. Its activity and social behaviour were observed in the three wildlife sanctuaries of western India, by opportunistic focal animal sampling method from April 2014 to May 2016. The results show two peaks in animal activity; first in morning hours and second in evening hours mostly devoted to feeding (28.12 %) and walking (22.35 %). The species was observed to be mostly solitary (67.06 %) and the mean group size was 2.5 (± 1.29 SD). The mean flight initiation distance was 62.53 (± 23.47 SD) m, which was insignificantly related to freezing duration (r2 = 0.188, Y-intercept = 46.33 ± 8.49, P = 0.08). Localized defecation of T. quadricornis was found along with three mammals, while direct observations showed its association with six other mammals. The species also gleaned four plant parts of 13 tree species dropped by langurs.
{"title":"Activity and social behaviour of four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis de Blainville, 1816) in tropical deciduous forests of Aravalli mountain range, Western India","authors":"Ramchandra Meghwal, C. Bhatnagar, V. K. Koli","doi":"10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a4.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a4.2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis) is a vulnerable, solitary endemic and smallest Asian herbivore bovid. Its activity and social behaviour were observed in the three wildlife sanctuaries of western India, by opportunistic focal animal sampling method from April 2014 to May 2016. The results show two peaks in animal activity; first in morning hours and second in evening hours mostly devoted to feeding (28.12 %) and walking (22.35 %). The species was observed to be mostly solitary (67.06 %) and the mean group size was 2.5 (± 1.29 SD). The mean flight initiation distance was 62.53 (± 23.47 SD) m, which was insignificantly related to freezing duration (r2 = 0.188, Y-intercept = 46.33 ± 8.49, P = 0.08). Localized defecation of T. quadricornis was found along with three mammals, while direct observations showed its association with six other mammals. The species also gleaned four plant parts of 13 tree species dropped by langurs.","PeriodicalId":50436,"journal":{"name":"Folia Zoologica","volume":"6 1","pages":"25 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89362675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-25DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a2.2018
Cheol-Woo Park, Jae-Goo Kim, S. Yun, Hyun-tae Kim, J. Park, W. Choi, Y. Cho, Yong-Joo Lee, J. Park
Abstract. A study on the habitat use and diet of Iksookimia hugowolfeldi, which is endemic to Korea, was carried out focusing on feeding and resting behaviour in the wild. This study focused on a valley stream in a forest on Geogeum Island (Eojeon-ri, Geumsanmyeon, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea) with a large population. The bottom substrate of this stream was mud (< 0.1 mm in diameter, 10 % relative abundance), sand (0.1–2 mm, 30 %), gravel (2–16 mm, 20 %), pebbles (16–64 mm, 20 %), cobbles (64–256 mm, 10 %), and boulders (> 256 mm, 10 %), with an Aa-Bb river type and a slow current (0.1 m/s). The food sources analyzed based on the index of relative importance (IRI) included Diptera (70.98 %), Phryganeidae (10.46 %), Branchiopoda (9.74 %), Harpacticidae (8.33 %), Ephemeroptera (0.47 %) and other (0.02 %). As a diurnal and benthic filter feeder, two main feeding behaviours were observed: feeding on surface (sand, cobble) and on sand-cobble digging. Resting behaviour predominantly occurred on the surface of sand and cobbles, and sometimes while buried in the sand. Daily feeding behaviour was more active at the highest water temperature of 22.1– 23.7 °C from 14:00 to 15:00, and feeding behaviour occurred more frequently in July to August, at temperatures as high as 22–24 °C. Meanwhile, while the water temperature is below 8 °C, they are getting around in the water by being hid in or buried in the substrate. In that season, the empty stomach rate was higher than in other seasons.
{"title":"Habitat, diet, feeding and resting behaviour of the Korean endemic cobitid Iksookimia hugowolfeldi (Cobitidae, Pisces) in the wild","authors":"Cheol-Woo Park, Jae-Goo Kim, S. Yun, Hyun-tae Kim, J. Park, W. Choi, Y. Cho, Yong-Joo Lee, J. Park","doi":"10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a2.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a2.2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A study on the habitat use and diet of Iksookimia hugowolfeldi, which is endemic to Korea, was carried out focusing on feeding and resting behaviour in the wild. This study focused on a valley stream in a forest on Geogeum Island (Eojeon-ri, Geumsanmyeon, Goheung-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea) with a large population. The bottom substrate of this stream was mud (< 0.1 mm in diameter, 10 % relative abundance), sand (0.1–2 mm, 30 %), gravel (2–16 mm, 20 %), pebbles (16–64 mm, 20 %), cobbles (64–256 mm, 10 %), and boulders (> 256 mm, 10 %), with an Aa-Bb river type and a slow current (0.1 m/s). The food sources analyzed based on the index of relative importance (IRI) included Diptera (70.98 %), Phryganeidae (10.46 %), Branchiopoda (9.74 %), Harpacticidae (8.33 %), Ephemeroptera (0.47 %) and other (0.02 %). As a diurnal and benthic filter feeder, two main feeding behaviours were observed: feeding on surface (sand, cobble) and on sand-cobble digging. Resting behaviour predominantly occurred on the surface of sand and cobbles, and sometimes while buried in the sand. Daily feeding behaviour was more active at the highest water temperature of 22.1– 23.7 °C from 14:00 to 15:00, and feeding behaviour occurred more frequently in July to August, at temperatures as high as 22–24 °C. Meanwhile, while the water temperature is below 8 °C, they are getting around in the water by being hid in or buried in the substrate. In that season, the empty stomach rate was higher than in other seasons.","PeriodicalId":50436,"journal":{"name":"Folia Zoologica","volume":"93 1","pages":"1 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83836981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-06-01DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a6.2018
R. Juškaitis
Abstract. Lithuania and surrounding countries are situated in the northern part of dormouse (Gliridae) distribution ranges. Garden dormouse may be extinct in all these countries because the last observations of this species were recorded in the end of 20th century. Fat dormouse is rare and declining in Lithuania and surrounding countries because of destruction of their habitats – felling of mature oakdominated forests. Forest dormouse is rare because western limit of is distribution range goes through Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Status of the hazel dormouse is different in the countries concerned. This species is common and widespread in Lithuania, but red-listed in Latvia and Belarus, and absent in large deforested areas in Poland. The hazel dormouse may be extinct in Estonia, but common and not threatened in southern Sweden. In different countries, status of the hazel dormouse depends on anthropogenic influence on its habitats and probably also on investigation level. Some outdated information on distribution and status of some dormouse species is presented in the IUCN red lists.
{"title":"Dormouse (Gliridae) status in Lithuania and surrounding countries: a review","authors":"R. Juškaitis","doi":"10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a6.2018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v67.i1.a6.2018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Lithuania and surrounding countries are situated in the northern part of dormouse (Gliridae) distribution ranges. Garden dormouse may be extinct in all these countries because the last observations of this species were recorded in the end of 20th century. Fat dormouse is rare and declining in Lithuania and surrounding countries because of destruction of their habitats – felling of mature oakdominated forests. Forest dormouse is rare because western limit of is distribution range goes through Latvia, Lithuania and Poland. Status of the hazel dormouse is different in the countries concerned. This species is common and widespread in Lithuania, but red-listed in Latvia and Belarus, and absent in large deforested areas in Poland. The hazel dormouse may be extinct in Estonia, but common and not threatened in southern Sweden. In different countries, status of the hazel dormouse depends on anthropogenic influence on its habitats and probably also on investigation level. Some outdated information on distribution and status of some dormouse species is presented in the IUCN red lists.","PeriodicalId":50436,"journal":{"name":"Folia Zoologica","volume":"5 1","pages":"64 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74300911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a9.2017
Nives Pagon, S. Grignolio, F. Brivio, Andrea Marcon, M. Apollonio
Abstract. The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is considered a special case of territorial ungulate. This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of male roe deer territoriality by exploring its spatial use and activity patterns. We divided the territorial period (March–August) into three two-month sampling periods and found that the home range (HR) size of 13 radio-collared males averaged from 47.9 ± 14.5 ha to 109.7 ± 31.9 ha. We classified the spatial behaviour of eight out of the 13 males into three groups and concluded that HR size variation alone did not explain the potential territorial status. Nevertheless, it was indicative of their territorial status when considered along with the bucks’ age, spatial movements and activity levels. The activity levels of July–August were significantly lower than the activity levels of March–April. HR size variation of the males monitored significantly contributed to explain the variations in their activity levels. Old bucks were significantly less active than other males, especially during July–August. To sum up, we found an indication of an influence of spatial profiles on activity levels, though a larger sample will be needed in order to better understand differences in age and territorial status, and inter-individual differences in activity.
{"title":"Territorial behaviour of male roe deer: a telemetry study of spatial behaviour and activity levels","authors":"Nives Pagon, S. Grignolio, F. Brivio, Andrea Marcon, M. Apollonio","doi":"10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a9.2017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a9.2017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is considered a special case of territorial ungulate. This study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of male roe deer territoriality by exploring its spatial use and activity patterns. We divided the territorial period (March–August) into three two-month sampling periods and found that the home range (HR) size of 13 radio-collared males averaged from 47.9 ± 14.5 ha to 109.7 ± 31.9 ha. We classified the spatial behaviour of eight out of the 13 males into three groups and concluded that HR size variation alone did not explain the potential territorial status. Nevertheless, it was indicative of their territorial status when considered along with the bucks’ age, spatial movements and activity levels. The activity levels of July–August were significantly lower than the activity levels of March–April. HR size variation of the males monitored significantly contributed to explain the variations in their activity levels. Old bucks were significantly less active than other males, especially during July–August. To sum up, we found an indication of an influence of spatial profiles on activity levels, though a larger sample will be needed in order to better understand differences in age and territorial status, and inter-individual differences in activity.","PeriodicalId":50436,"journal":{"name":"Folia Zoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":"267 - 276"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76053312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a6.2017
P. Tryjanowski, M. Panek, J. Karg, M. Szumacher-Strabel, A. Cieślak, M. Ciach
Abstract. The natural world is now receiving more and more food of anthropogenic origin, which is widely used by a large number of animal species. Among intentional supplementary feeding, one of the most common activities is the winter feeding of game animals, affecting the size, structure and behaviour of their populations. There is a lack of information, however, on long-term trends in supplementary feeding and changes in the type of feeders and feed provided, which can be crucial to understanding game animal dynamics. Our study is based on data collected in the years 1970–2015 in experimental hunting grounds in western Poland. Wildlife feed was provided in traditional feeders and along the ground (ground strips), the latter designed primarily to protect crops from damage by game animals. The first type of feeding activity decreased significantly, while the second increased significantly during the study period. The most frequent types of feed provided were root crops, cereals, hay and silage. Feed amounts between years had a strong auto-regressive temporal character, with a significant lag effect up to ten years. The total dry mass provided for game animals was also characterized by a significant lag effect, although it was weaker in comparison to individual feed types. The auto-correlation is probably a consequence of the availability and ability to store various types of feed over subsequent winters. We believe that the results presented here are the first to describe the problem of feeding animals over decadal timescales and indicate the modifications to feeding that have taken place, influenced by the animals, crop prices and social factors.
{"title":"Long-term changes in the quantity and quality of supplementary feeding of wildlife: are influenced by game managers?","authors":"P. Tryjanowski, M. Panek, J. Karg, M. Szumacher-Strabel, A. Cieślak, M. Ciach","doi":"10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a6.2017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a6.2017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The natural world is now receiving more and more food of anthropogenic origin, which is widely used by a large number of animal species. Among intentional supplementary feeding, one of the most common activities is the winter feeding of game animals, affecting the size, structure and behaviour of their populations. There is a lack of information, however, on long-term trends in supplementary feeding and changes in the type of feeders and feed provided, which can be crucial to understanding game animal dynamics. Our study is based on data collected in the years 1970–2015 in experimental hunting grounds in western Poland. Wildlife feed was provided in traditional feeders and along the ground (ground strips), the latter designed primarily to protect crops from damage by game animals. The first type of feeding activity decreased significantly, while the second increased significantly during the study period. The most frequent types of feed provided were root crops, cereals, hay and silage. Feed amounts between years had a strong auto-regressive temporal character, with a significant lag effect up to ten years. The total dry mass provided for game animals was also characterized by a significant lag effect, although it was weaker in comparison to individual feed types. The auto-correlation is probably a consequence of the availability and ability to store various types of feed over subsequent winters. We believe that the results presented here are the first to describe the problem of feeding animals over decadal timescales and indicate the modifications to feeding that have taken place, influenced by the animals, crop prices and social factors.","PeriodicalId":50436,"journal":{"name":"Folia Zoologica","volume":"7 1","pages":"248 - 253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77809867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a4.2017
A. Noor, Z. R. Mir, Gopi Govindan Veeraswami, B. Habib
Abstract. Little is known about the activity pattern and co-occurrence of mammalian species coexisting sympatrically in the rugged terrains of the Himalaya. By using camera traps we quantified diel activity patterns and temporal overlap as well as probabilistic model of spatial species co-occurrence amongst eight species. The jungle cat and the Indian porcupine tended to be strictly nocturnal whereas the leopard cat and the red fox were primarily nocturnal and crepuscular, yellow-throated marten was diurnal. The Asiatic black bear, leopard and the hangul showed no clear pattern. We found highest temporal overlap (Δ1 = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.54-0.86) between leopard and Asiatic black bear followed by pairs between red fox and leopard cat (Δ1 = 0.83, 95%CI = 0.72-0.91) and jungle cat (Δ1 = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.60-0.91). The lowest temporal overlap was found between yellow-throated marten and Indian porcupine (Δ = 0.11, 95%CI = 0.08-0.20). The results from probabilistic pairwise species co-occurrence analysis suggest that out of 28 possible species pairs 25 had random associations and one pair was unclassifiable. The remaining two species pairs had positive associations of co-occurrences between leopard cat and hangul (Pgt < 0.05) and Indian porcupine and hangul (Pgt < 0.05). Our results provided new insights into this unique community of mammals of the western Himalaya and will facilitate future studies on the mechanism determining coexistence of animal species within complex system.
{"title":"Activity patterns and spatial co-occurrence of sympatric mammals in the moist temperate forest of the Kashmir Himalaya, India","authors":"A. Noor, Z. R. Mir, Gopi Govindan Veeraswami, B. Habib","doi":"10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a4.2017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a4.2017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Little is known about the activity pattern and co-occurrence of mammalian species coexisting sympatrically in the rugged terrains of the Himalaya. By using camera traps we quantified diel activity patterns and temporal overlap as well as probabilistic model of spatial species co-occurrence amongst eight species. The jungle cat and the Indian porcupine tended to be strictly nocturnal whereas the leopard cat and the red fox were primarily nocturnal and crepuscular, yellow-throated marten was diurnal. The Asiatic black bear, leopard and the hangul showed no clear pattern. We found highest temporal overlap (Δ1 = 0.84, 95%CI = 0.54-0.86) between leopard and Asiatic black bear followed by pairs between red fox and leopard cat (Δ1 = 0.83, 95%CI = 0.72-0.91) and jungle cat (Δ1 = 0.82, 95%CI = 0.60-0.91). The lowest temporal overlap was found between yellow-throated marten and Indian porcupine (Δ = 0.11, 95%CI = 0.08-0.20). The results from probabilistic pairwise species co-occurrence analysis suggest that out of 28 possible species pairs 25 had random associations and one pair was unclassifiable. The remaining two species pairs had positive associations of co-occurrences between leopard cat and hangul (Pgt < 0.05) and Indian porcupine and hangul (Pgt < 0.05). Our results provided new insights into this unique community of mammals of the western Himalaya and will facilitate future studies on the mechanism determining coexistence of animal species within complex system.","PeriodicalId":50436,"journal":{"name":"Folia Zoologica","volume":"10 6","pages":"231 - 241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a4.2017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72480178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-12-01DOI: 10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a3.2017
Z. Hubálek
Abstract. The pattern of morning departure of rooks (Corvus frugilegus) from large communal roosts in winter is regular though it is affected by several environmental (weather) variables. A total of 151 records of the morning departure of rooks (and associated jackdaws, Corvus monedula) from two large communal roosts in the Czech Republic during the years 1966 to 1974 were analyzed. On average, the birds departed 36 min before local sunrise and 1.5 min after beginning of local civil twilight. Light intensity was the leading factor that explained 60 % of variability of the departure time. Cloud cover 30 min before sunrise, being interrelated with the light intensity at local sunrise, explained 52 % of the variability. Less important but significant factors were several weather variables such as precipitation, relative humidity of the air, horizontal visibility (fog), snow cover, and air temperature. Two best predictive multivariate regression models for timing of the birds' departure involved factors: light intensity (that accelerated the departure) or inter-related cloud cover before sunrise (it delayed the departure), precipitation (delaying the departure), snow cover (accelerating the departure due to increased food demand), and horizontal visibility (fog delayed the departure). The two predictive multivariate models explained together 75 % of variability of the birds' departure in relation to beginning of local civil twilight.
{"title":"How sunrise and weather affect timing of rooks' (Corvus frugilegus) morning departure from the winter communal roost","authors":"Z. Hubálek","doi":"10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a3.2017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25225/fozo.v66.i4.a3.2017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The pattern of morning departure of rooks (Corvus frugilegus) from large communal roosts in winter is regular though it is affected by several environmental (weather) variables. A total of 151 records of the morning departure of rooks (and associated jackdaws, Corvus monedula) from two large communal roosts in the Czech Republic during the years 1966 to 1974 were analyzed. On average, the birds departed 36 min before local sunrise and 1.5 min after beginning of local civil twilight. Light intensity was the leading factor that explained 60 % of variability of the departure time. Cloud cover 30 min before sunrise, being interrelated with the light intensity at local sunrise, explained 52 % of the variability. Less important but significant factors were several weather variables such as precipitation, relative humidity of the air, horizontal visibility (fog), snow cover, and air temperature. Two best predictive multivariate regression models for timing of the birds' departure involved factors: light intensity (that accelerated the departure) or inter-related cloud cover before sunrise (it delayed the departure), precipitation (delaying the departure), snow cover (accelerating the departure due to increased food demand), and horizontal visibility (fog delayed the departure). The two predictive multivariate models explained together 75 % of variability of the birds' departure in relation to beginning of local civil twilight.","PeriodicalId":50436,"journal":{"name":"Folia Zoologica","volume":"1 1","pages":"227 - 230"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88203184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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