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Once a Muslim Always a Muslim: The Rise and Fall of the Muslim American Protagonist in Ayad Akhtar’s Disgraced 一旦是穆斯林,永远是穆斯林:阿亚德-阿赫塔尔的《失宠》中美国穆斯林主人公的兴衰
Pub Date : 2024-05-23 DOI: 10.5539/ells.v14n2p77
Mohsen Abbas
The post 9/11 atmosphere of terror made Muslim Americans highly visible in the U.S.and they have been viewed as potential terrorist suspects. Therefore, in the light of these circumstances, Ayad Akhtar’s Play Disgraced is most apropos to be revisited as his works focus on the existence of Muslims in America as a post-colonial contact zone. In fact, the play puts the interracial marriage of Amir, and his wife Emily, a White American woman on center stage and makes it fall down before our eyes. Despite the fact that Amir’s credentials qualify him to be a model minority citizen, and reach the American Dream, he falls out of grace as soon as he appears in court to show support as a pro bono lawyer to a Muslim Imam who is tried for raising fund for a mosque in the Middle East. This paper belabors the reasons that led to the reversal of the hero’s fortune from prosperity to misery in the wake of the collapse of New York twin towers.
9/11 事件后的恐怖气氛使美国穆斯林在美国备受瞩目,他们被视为潜在的恐怖嫌疑人。因此,在这种情况下,重温阿亚德-阿赫塔尔(Ayad Akhtar)的戏剧《失宠》(Disgraced)再合适不过,因为他的作品聚焦于穆斯林在美国作为后殖民接触区的存在。事实上,该剧将阿米尔和他的妻子艾米丽(一位美国白人女性)的跨种族婚姻置于舞台中央,并使其在我们眼前轰然倒塌。尽管阿米尔的资历使他有资格成为模范少数族裔公民,实现美国梦,但当他作为无偿律师出庭支持一位因在中东为清真寺筹款而受审的穆斯林伊玛目时,他就失宠了。纽约双子塔倒塌后,主人公的命运从富裕走向悲惨,本文对导致这一逆转的原因进行了深入探讨。
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引用次数: 0
Miscommunication in Stillwater: The Interplay of Social Identities, Language Barriers, and Emotional Dynamics 史迪威的误解:社会身份、语言障碍和情感动力的相互作用
Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.5539/ells.v14n2p60
Rasha Gazzaz
This paper analyses Stillwater’s (2021) dialogue and action lines to demonstrate how miscommunication, specifically during heightened emotional instances, between Bill, the protagonist, and other characters is due to language barriers and emotional dynamics related to ethnic diversity. The study reveals that language difficulties hinder effective communication between Bill, an out-group member, and French residents, the in-group. Consequently, his limited language skills not only mark him as an outsider by challenging his efforts to integrate into the French culture, but also prove that language is a marker of group identity, influencing emotions, behavior, and interaction. In addition, the study demonstrates that the cultural disparities Bill encounters socially define and categorize him as an “out-group” member (American) from the perspective of the “in-group” (French), thus elucidating out-group biases and discrimination. These findings emphasize the role of language in reflecting linguistic and cultural nuances in intergroup interactions in the screenplay Stillwater.
本文分析了《史迪威》(2021 年)中的对话和动作台词,以说明主人公比尔与其他角色之间的沟通不畅,特别是在情绪高涨的情况下,是如何由于语言障碍和与种族多样性相关的情绪动态造成的。研究显示,语言障碍阻碍了外群体成员比尔与内群体成员法国居民之间的有效沟通。因此,他有限的语言技能不仅使他成为局外人,挑战了他融入法国文化的努力,还证明了语言是群体身份的标志,影响着情感、行为和互动。此外,研究还表明,比尔遇到的文化差异从 "内群体"(法国人)的角度将他定义为 "外群体 "成员(美国人),并将他归类为 "内群体 "成员,从而阐明了外群体的偏见和歧视。这些发现强调了语言在反映电影剧本《静水》中群体间互动的语言和文化细微差别方面的作用。
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引用次数: 0
Repair Strategies in Chinese EFL Learners’ Story-Telling Conversation 中国英语学习者讲故事会话中的修复策略
Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.5539/ells.v14n2p29
Jiangli Wei
This study investigates the repair strategies employed by English as foreign language of Chinese learners in response to communication breakdowns, with a particular focus on their role in facilitating the progressivity of storytelling conversations. The examination delves into specific repair strategies, including self-initiated repair and repetition strategies, to shed light on their utilization and effectiveness. The findings of the investigation reveal that among the array of repair strategies utilized, English as foreign language of Chinese learners demonstrate a pronounced tendency to rely on self-initiated repairs. Notably, participants in the study primarily addressed issues related to pronouns and verb tense, with a specific emphasis on addressing tense inconsistencies, word order discrepancies, and grammatical errors. This phenomenon underscores the concerted efforts made by Chinese learners to enhance the clarity, coherence, and fluency of their communicative endeavors. Furthermore, the prevalence of self-initiated repairs exemplifies the learners’ dedication to surmounting linguistic challenges, fostering mutual understanding, and navigating the complexities inherent in interactive discourse. Such endeavors not only signify their commitment to linguistic improvement but also underscore their proactive engagement in fostering effective communication in intercultural contexts.
本研究调查了汉语作为外语的英语学习者在应对交际中断时所采用的修复策略,尤其关注这些策略在促进故事会话的进展方面所起的作用。研究深入探讨了具体的修复策略,包括自发修复策略和重复策略,以揭示它们的使用情况和效果。调查结果显示,在所使用的一系列修复策略中,英语作为外语的中国学习者表现出明显的依赖自我修复的倾向。值得注意的是,本研究的参与者主要解决与代词和动词时态有关的问题,特别强调解决时态不一致、词序差异和语法错误。这一现象凸显了中国学习者为提高交际的清晰度、连贯性和流畅性而做出的共同努力。此外,自发修辞的普遍存在也体现了学习者为克服语言挑战、促进相互理解和驾驭互动话语中固有的复杂性而付出的努力。这些努力不仅表明他们致力于提高语言水平,而且还强调了他们在跨文化语境中积极主动地促进有效交际。
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引用次数: 0
A News Media Representation on Disability and Information Accessibility in China from the Perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis 从批判性话语分析的角度看新闻媒体对中国残疾人和信息无障碍的表述
Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.5539/ells.v14n2p49
Wentong Wang
Based on critical discourse analysis, this paper takes thirty news articles related to disability and information accessibility from three Chinese news media as its research object to explore themes that describe how Chinese news media reflects and constitutes its understanding of disability and information accessibility. By doing this, it intends to reveal the themes of those articles and identify potential prejudices, illusions, and stereotypes that may influence the disability. This paper aims to address the following two questions: 1) What content exists in mainstream Chinese news media concerning disability and information accessibility? 2) What themes do these discourses present regarding disability and information accessibility? The results show that 1) The content of thirty news articles includes introductions, evaluations and advice of apps related to information accessibility, activities promoting information accessibility, audiovisual works with information accessibility, and official policies regarding information accessibility; 2) Five key themes are found in these discourses, which are discourses of problem-solving, criticism, awareness as advocacy, self-congratulations or overly optimistic judgments and a tendency of elderly-oriented over disability. Through the analysis of these themes, this paper concludes with implications to advance the development of information accessibility for disability.
本文以批判性话语分析为基础,以中国三家新闻媒体的三十篇与残障和信息无障碍相关的新闻报道为研究对象,探讨中国新闻媒体如何反映和构成其对残障和信息无障碍的理解。这样做的目的是揭示这些文章的主题,并找出可能影响残疾问题的潜在偏见、幻想和刻板印象。本文旨在解决以下两个问题:1) 中国主流新闻媒体中存在哪些有关残疾和信息无障碍的内容?2) 这些论述呈现了哪些有关残疾和信息无障碍的主题?结果显示:1)30 篇新闻报道的内容包括对信息无障碍相关应用的介绍、评价和建议,促进信息无障碍的活动,与信息无障碍相关的视听作品,以及官方关于信息无障碍的政策;2)在这些话语中发现了五个关键主题,分别是解决问题的话语、批评的话语、作为倡导的意识、自我庆幸或过于乐观的判断,以及重老轻残的倾向。通过对这些主题的分析,本文得出了推动残疾人信息无障碍发展的启示。
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引用次数: 0
A Contrastive Analysis of English and Chinese Proverbs 英汉谚语对比分析
Pub Date : 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.5539/ells.v14n2p39
Gui-yu Lin, Zhi-liang Liu
This paper will analyze the similarities and differences between English and Chinese proverbs, which have the same origin and linguistic characteristics, both of which come from civil life, myths and legends, literature and foreign languages, with conciseness and vivid image of their characters. But, due to their performances in different geographical, historical, religious and cultural values, they have their own characteristics. However, as the world’s cultural exchanges, the boundaries of countries and nationalities gradually break, English and Chinese proverbs have mutual penetrated and melted with each other. It is based on the full understanding of the importance of proverbs that the paper makes the contrastive analysis of English and Chinese proverbs, through which we can not only understand them better but also get to know them deeper of their differences and similarities.
本文将分析英语谚语和汉语谚语的异同。英语谚语和汉语谚语有着相同的起源和语言特点,都来源于民间生活、神话传说、文学作品和外语,言简意赅,人物形象生动。但由于表现的地域、历史、宗教、文化价值不同,又各具特色。然而,随着世界文化的交流,国家和民族的界限逐渐打破,英语谚语和汉语谚语也相互渗透、相互交融。正是基于对谚语重要性的充分认识,本文对英汉谚语进行了对比分析,通过对比分析,我们不仅可以更好地了解英汉谚语,还可以更深入地认识英汉谚语的异同。
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引用次数: 0
Framing Narratives in the Translation of Chinese Political Discourse: Case Examples from The Governance of China0 中国政治话语翻译中的框架叙事:中国的治理》中的案例0
Pub Date : 2024-04-17 DOI: 10.5539/ells.v14n2p1
Dong Xu, Mohamed Abdou Moindjie, M. K. A. Singh
The English translation of Xi Jinping: The Governance of China showcases advanced translation practices within Chinese political discourse, crucial for facilitating cross-cultural communication. As a seminal work of 21st-century Marxism and a primary text of Chinese political thought, it represents the principles of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era. This paper conducts a detailed textual analysis to examine how four key narrative framing strategies in the translation of Chinese political discourse shape and communicate narratives across cultural boundaries. Drawing on Baker’s (2018) pioneering work in social narrative theory, this study illustrates how translators not only convey but also actively shape narratives. The findings reveal distinct employment of these strategies, coupled with diverse translation methods, to accurately convey the original narrative, thereby enhancing China’s international communication. This research extends the scope of narrative studies and introduces a novel theoretical lens to the translation of Chinese political discourse. By integrating narrative theory with translation studies, it uncovers new dimensions and paradigms for the translation and interpretation of political discourse, offering critical insights for achieving effective cross-cultural communication in this domain.
习近平:习近平:治国理政》英译本展示了中国政治话语中的先进翻译实践,对于促进跨文化交流至关重要。作为 21 世纪马克思主义的开山之作和中国政治思想的主要文本,它代表了新时代中国特色社会主义的原则。本文通过详细的文本分析,研究中国政治话语翻译中的四种关键叙事框架策略如何塑造和传播跨文化叙事。借鉴贝克(2018)在社会叙事理论方面的开创性工作,本研究阐述了译者如何不仅传达而且积极塑造叙事。研究结果揭示了这些策略的独特运用,再加上多样化的翻译方法,准确地传达了原文的叙事,从而加强了中国的国际交流。这项研究拓展了叙事学研究的范围,为中国政治话语的翻译引入了一个新的理论视角。通过将叙事理论与翻译研究相结合,该研究为政治话语的翻译和解释揭示了新的维度和范式,为在这一领域实现有效的跨文化交流提供了重要的启示。
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引用次数: 0
Students’ Beliefs Toward the Effectiveness of Receiving Written Corrective Feedback for Developing L2 Writing Skills 学生对接受书面纠正性反馈是否能有效发展第二语言写作能力的看法
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.5539/ells.v14n1p30
Shayma Omar A. AL-Ahmadi, H. Khadawardi
This study investigated students’ beliefs and preferences regarding written corrective feedback (WCF) in an EFL environment. More specifically, it examined Saudi students’ perceptions of the utility and effect of WCF in enhancing their language skills at KAU. The study used a mixed-method research paradigm: a qualitative part, where data were collected from semi-structured interviews, and a quantitative part, which involved a closed-ended questionnaire to investigate participants’ beliefs regarding WCF and how it is used in EFL writing classes. The results can assist language teachers and curriculum designers in adapting feedback systems suitable to students’ expectations and learning styles. Finally, the study aims to bridge the gap between the current instructional approaches and student preferences.
本研究调查了在英语语言环境中学生对书面纠正反馈(WCF)的看法和偏好。更具体地说,它考察了沙特学生对 WCF 在提高他们的语言技能方面的作用和效果的看法。研究采用了混合方法研究范式:定性研究部分通过半结构式访谈收集数据,定量研究部分通过封闭式问卷调查参与者对 WCF 的看法以及如何在 EFL 写作课上使用 WCF。研究结果有助于语言教师和课程设计者根据学生的期望和学习风格调整反馈系统。最后,本研究旨在缩小当前教学方法与学生偏好之间的差距。
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引用次数: 0
The Popularization and Simplification of Literature in the Middle to Late Tang Dynasty 中晚唐文学的普及与简化
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.5539/ells.v14n1p42
Jingchun Chen
During the middle to late Tang Dynasty, the weakening of the aristocratic class was evident as a rising nouveau-riche class emerged. The proportion of court officials from this nouveau-riche class increased continuously, and the newly ascended class sought urgent cultural manifestation. The most notable result was the emergence of a literary style, literary works, and literary forms marked by a more populist and simplified approach.
唐朝中后期,随着新贵阶层的崛起,贵族阶层的力量明显减弱。这个新贵阶层在朝廷官员中所占的比例不断增加,新崛起的阶层急需在文化上有所表现。最显著的结果是出现了以更加平民化和简化的方式为特征的文学风格、文学作品和文学形式。
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引用次数: 0
“The Other” in Story of Your Life "你生命中的故事》中的 "他人
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.5539/ells.v14n1p66
Cancan Liu
“Other” is a concept formed relative to “self”, referring to all people and things other than self. Western philosophers believe that the “other” is a prerequisite for the “self.” Subject consciousness cannot be established without the “other” in consciousness. The formation of the other takes place in the relationship of binary opposition. One party uses force, language and ideology to exercise hegemony over the other party, making the other party lose its right to speak and be marginalized, thus becoming “other”. The concept of “the other” has been widely used in feminist, post-colonial and other research fields. In his novel Story of Your Life, Ted Chiang uses “alien” as a metaphor for the Chinese image of “the other”. The image of China as the “other” reflects the complex mentality of the West towards China. In general, although the novel embodies the author’s cultural and ethical reflection to explore the equal communication between different civilizations and build a community of human destiny, the author’s orientalist imagination is hidden deep inside.
"他者 "是相对于 "自我 "而形成的概念,指自我之外的一切人和事。西方哲学家认为,"他者 "是 "自我 "的前提。没有 "他者 "的意识,主体意识就无法建立。他者的形成是在二元对立的关系中进行的。一方用武力、语言和意识形态对另一方实施霸权,使另一方丧失话语权,被边缘化,从而成为 "他者"。"他者 "这一概念在女权主义、后殖民等研究领域被广泛使用。特德-蒋在其小说《你一生的故事》中以 "异类 "隐喻中国的 "他者 "形象。中国的 "他者 "形象反映了西方对中国的复杂心态。总体而言,这部小说虽然体现了作者探索不同文明平等交流、构建人类命运共同体的文化伦理思考,但作者的东方主义想象却深藏其中。
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引用次数: 0
Political Metaphors in English Version of “Report to the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China” 中国共产党第二十次全国代表大会报告》英文版中的政治隐喻
Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.5539/ells.v14n1p48
Ao Wang, You Wang, Yuyao Liu, Shuo Cao
With China’s growing influence, many countries are eager to know about China, and China also wants foreign countries to have a correct understanding of itself, so translations of political discourse are important. And because metaphor can reflect the thinking of the authors and translators, it is widely used in the translation process to transmit the ideology. Since now, many researches have been done to study the types of metaphors and the translation strategies of metaphors in the translations of the CPC literature, but few of them focus on how metaphors in the translation version convey the ideology. Therefore, this paper, aiming to study how political metaphors in the translation help transmit the ideology and governance thought of China to the world, applies Critical Metaphor Analysis as the analytical framework to investigate the political metaphors in English version of “Report to the 20th CPC National Congress”. The results show that journey metaphors, building metaphors, plant metaphors, life metaphors, and war metaphors are especially prominent. Compared with literal translation, the English version of the Report utilizes the imagery and concepts familiar to the readers to lead them to understand the Chinese theories and thinking that they are unfamiliar with. And the political metaphors explain and publicize the governance philosophy in a way that foreign readers can understand, highlight the Party’s attitude, and correctly display the image of China. This study deepens the study of the role of metaphors in the transmission of governments’ principles and policies.
随着中国影响力的不断扩大,很多国家都渴望了解中国,中国也希望外国能够正确认识自己,因此政治话语的翻译就显得尤为重要。而由于隐喻可以反映作者和译者的思想,因此在翻译过程中被广泛应用于传播意识形态。一直以来,关于中共文献译本中隐喻的类型以及隐喻的翻译策略的研究很多,但很少有研究关注译本中的隐喻是如何传递意识形态的。因此,本文以研究译文中的政治隐喻如何帮助向世界传递中国的意识形态和治国理政思想为目标,运用批判隐喻分析法作为分析框架,对《中共二十大报告》英文版中的政治隐喻进行了研究。结果表明,旅途隐喻、建筑隐喻、植物隐喻、生命隐喻和战争隐喻尤为突出。与直译相比,英文版《报告》利用读者熟悉的意象和概念,引导读者理解他们不熟悉的中国理论和思想。而政治隐喻则以外国读者能够理解的方式阐释和宣传了治国理念,彰显了党的态度,正确展示了中国形象。本研究深化了对隐喻在政府原则和政策传播中的作用的研究。
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引用次数: 0
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English Language and Literature Studies
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