Chemical Papers最新文献

Chitosan, a versatile and sustainable biopolymer, has emerged as a promising platform for developing advanced strategies in food safety and preservation. Its tunable molecular weight, degree of deacetylation, and hierarchical structure enable the rational design of diverse functional architectures, including nanostructures, coatings, membranes, and smart packaging systems with enhanced antimicrobial, antioxidant, barrier, and biocompatible properties. Beyond conventional preservation approaches, chitosan-based materials offer multifunctional solutions by extending shelf life, maintaining food quality, reducing environmental impacts, and enabling active and intelligent food packaging applications. Emerging applications include contaminant management strategies, such as microbial control and the adsorption of hazardous compounds, including aflatoxins and heavy metals. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the structural characteristics, modification strategies, functional properties, and diverse applications of chitosan-based materials in sustainable food protection systems. Furthermore, current challenges related to scalability, regulatory requirements, consumer acceptance, and commercialization are discussed, highlighting future perspectives for the successful translation of chitosan-based technologies into practical food applications.

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Packaging and transportation of hazardous chemical materials require a certain number of tests to be done. Intermediate Bulk Containers are widely used for packaging and shipping bulk materials. Dry refined hazardous materials are packaged inside Flexible Intermediate containers or FIBC super-sacks, which are widely used in the chemical industry for bulk handling of powders, granules, and specialty materials. These materials require packaging solutions which guarantee containment, integrity, electrostatic safety, and compliance with DOT hazardous material regulations. This paper explores progress in FIBC super-sack designs and specifications, including different fabric thicknesses, various liner materials, and UN-certified configurations for sensitive chemical compounds. A comparative examination of two specifications will help us determine potential cost savings. The project proposal is to develop the best packaging solution for hazardous chemicals. This paper studies the regulatory requirements and technical standards for UN-rated Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBCs), commonly known as super sacks, used to transport hazardous chemicals in Packing Groups II and III. It provides an overview of classification systems, performance criteria, and compliance obligations under international and U.S. regulations (International Air Transport Association 2023; International Maritime Organization 2023). Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBCs), commonly referred to as super sacks, are widely used for the bulk handling and transport of dry hazardous materials in the chemical industry. For substances classified under U.S. DOT regulations as Packing Group III (Class 9), UN packaging certification is required prior to shipment. This study evaluated two FIBC configurations of 190 GSM and 230 GSM woven polypropylene body fabric to determine whether the lower-specification bag meets UN certification requirements under 49 CFR Part 178, Subpart O, and whether it represents a viable cost-reducing alternative. Both configurations were U-shaped, 4-panel bags with a duffel-top inlet, a 3 mil polypropylene liner, and a safe working load of 2,500 lbs. Both the 190 GSM and 230 GSM FIBCs passed all six required PG III tests: Top Lift (178.812), Drop (178.810), Stacking (178.815), Topple (178.816), Righting (178.817), and Tear (178.818) (Pipeline and Hazardous 2022, 2025). No performance differences were observed between the two setups throughout any test. These data show that the 190 GSM bag is a suitable alternative to the 230 GSM bag for packaging hazardous chemical shipments in bulk under the tested conditions, with potential procurement cost savings for high-volume orders. Limitations encompass the single-material scope of testing and the absence of long-term storage or cyclic load assessments.

Researchers are collaborating on nanomaterials that can perform multiple functions since water purification as well as the demand for energy storage are serious concerns for societies. Due to their many physical, surface properties and conductive capabilities as well as outstanding chemical durability, metal oxide has got a lot of interest for potential applications in energy storage. In this study, the researchers present a simple hydrothermal process for the production of LaNiO₃/sugarcane bagasse. The morphological, structural and interfacial area of the material was determined using different physical properties such as Fourier transformation infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). LaNiO₃/SB showed specific capacitance (C_s) of 1958.67 F g⁻¹ with specific power (S_P) of 259 W kg⁻¹ and specific energy (S_E) (73 Wh kg⁻¹) at 1 A g⁻¹. The electrode material is efficient and perfect for storing energy and protecting the environment because of its remarkable electrochemical properties.

This study introduces a novel biohybrid composite system by integrating silane-treated collagen biopolymer with Kender-F hybrid fibers (60% hemp and 40% flax) in an epoxy matrix, specifically engineered for prosthetic structural applications. Unlike conventional natural fiber composites, the present work uniquely combines a protein-based biopolymer with silane-modified hybrid lignocellulosic fibers to simultaneously enhance interfacial bonding, toughness, and multifunctional durability. Five composite systems (M, MSC0, MSC1, MSC2, and MSC3) were fabricated and systematically evaluated for mechanical (ASTM D3039 tensile, ASTM D790 flexural, ASTM D256 impact, ASTM D2240 hardness), tribological (ASTM G99), water absorption (ASTM D570), and flammability behavior (ASTM D635 and UL-94).The incorporation of silane-treated collagen significantly improved load transfer efficiency and interfacial adhesion, resulting in enhanced structural integrity. Among all composites, MSC2 (3 vol.% collagen) demonstrated the optimum stiffness–toughness balance, achieving a tensile strength of 152 MPa, flexural strength of 168 MPa, impact strength of 4.6 J, and Shore-D hardness of 83, along with the highest density of 1.31 g/cm3. In contrast, MSC3 (5 vol.% collagen) exhibited superior functional performance with the lowest specific wear rate (0.013 mm³/N·m), reduced coefficient of friction (0.25), decreased flame propagation rate (4.92 mm/min), and stable, non-dripping behavior under UL-94 conditions.The findings reveal a synergistic effect between collagen biopolymer and silane-treated Kender-F fibers, enabling simultaneous improvement in mechanical strength, wear resistance, moisture stability, and flame retardancy. This multifunctional optimization distinguishes the proposed composite from existing natural fiber systems and demonstrates its strong potential for advanced prosthetic components requiring high strength, durability, and safety.

The rise in energy consumption requires the progression of effective energy storing systems to fulfil the energy necessities. A feasible approach is the development of unique nanostructures, which have proven to be excellent materials in hybrid supercapacitor electrodes. A cerium-based binary metal oxide in the perovskite phase, CeCuO₃ (CCO), for its outstanding performance and cost-effectiveness when combined with the remarkably versatile reduced graphene oxide, was developed via hydrothermal approach. The composite manufacturing process provides a substantial electroactive surface area (SA) of 52.1 m²/g for pristine sample and an increased SA of 81.96 m²/g for rGO@CCO, contributing via BET analysis and structurally validated using X-ray diffraction, Infrared spectroscopy and SEM (scanning electron microscopy). The key highlights of the study were to assess the electrochemical evaluation of rGO@CeCuO₃ by cyclic voltammetry, impedance spectroscopic analysis and galvanostatic charging-discharging tests. The rGO@CCO sample attained a outstanding capacitance of 1242 F/g at an 1 A/g applied current density and an exceptionally negligible solution resistance of 0.82 Ω in a 3 M KOH electrolytic medium, maintaining excellent stability after 10000th CV cycles. This suggests that the potential applications for the fabricated electrode in next-generation flexible electronics include energy storage and conversion devices.

A cost-effective and high-performance LaNiO₃/rGO nanocomposite electrode was fabricated for effectual H₂ evolution in alkaline media. The combinition of LaNiO₃ nanoparticles with conductive rGO sheets created a porous 3D network, providing abundant catalytic sites and rapid electron transport channels. Electrochemical tests (1 M KOH) confirmed that LaNiO₃/rGO electrode significantly outperforms pristine LaNiO₃, displaying a low ƞ (191 mV) at 10 mA/cm² and Tafel plot (40 mV/dec), suggesting that HER follows the Heyrovsky pathway. Physical analyses confirmed uniform nanoparticle distribution on rGO and a stable perovskite crystalline structure, ensuring structural integrity during extended operation. The synergistic combination of LaNiO₃ and rGO enhances the active surface area and promotes efficient electron–proton transfer, leading to superior HER activity and long-term stability. These results highlight LaNiO₃/rGO as a capable catalyst for renewable H₂ production and energy applications.

A bifunctional Fe-modified titanium metal–organic framework, MIL-125(Ti)@Fe, was rationally designed to integrate adsorption preconcentration and photo-Fenton degradation for efficient removal of anionic azo dyes from textile wastewater. Structural characterization confirmed that low-level Fe incorporation preserves the MIL-125(Ti) framework while narrowing the band gap from 3.20 to 2.28 eV, thereby extending light absorption into the visible region. Compared with pristine MIL-125(Ti), MIL-125(Ti)@Fe exhibited substantially enhanced adsorption capacities toward CI Direct Blue 1 and CI Direct Yellow 4, as well as near-complete degradation of the residual dye after adsorption equilibrium under UV/visible irradiation in the presence of H₂O₂. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo-first-order degradation behavior with thermally assisted reaction rates. The synergistic enhancement arises from adsorption preconcentration coupled with Fe-assisted H₂O₂ activation, as supported by radical trapping experiments showing an •OH-dominated degradation pathway. Potential interfacial electron-transfer effects are discussed as a plausible contribution rather than as directly confirmed charge-separation evidence. The catalyst retained over 90% of its activity after five consecutive cycles, demonstrating excellent structural robustness. This work establishes a design principle for Fe-assisted Ti-MOF platforms that couple adsorption and photo-Fenton catalysis, offering a sustainable and reusable strategy for advanced wastewater treatment. Unlike conventional Fe oxide-loaded MOFs or photocatalysis-focused Ti-MOF systems, the present low-level Fe-modified MIL-125(Ti) couples high adsorption capacity, •OH-dominated photo-Fenton degradation, low Fe leaching, and stable recyclability within a single framework-preserved material.

Cancer is one of the leading global health problems that lead to death, and the need for novel antitumor agents has encouraged us to synthesize a novel series of thiazole-chalcone hybrids (containing lactone, enamine, thiazole and chalcone units at same structure). The compounds were synthesized via three steps starting from 2-acetyl-γ-butyrolactone and characterized by its structures on the basis of spectroscopic methods. Then, the anticancer potentials of compounds 3, 5 and 7a–i was evaluated against the human colon cancer cell line SW620 using cell viability (MTT); proliferation and morphological analyses at 24 and 48 h were performed. Most of the compounds (7a, 7b, 7c, 7g, 7h, and 7i) exhibited significant cytotoxic activity at 24 h, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 13.0 ± 1.00 to 30.8 ± 1.80 µM. After 48 h, a significant time-dependent increase in the activity of the compounds was observed, while IC₅₀ values decreased significantly (IC₅₀ values for 7i (3.3 ± 0.11 µM), 7b (3.9 ± 0.12 µM), 7g (4.2 ± 0.32 µM) and 7h (6.2 ± 0.09 µM)). Their cytotoxic potential was evaluated in a noncancerous cell line (CCD-18Co) and a human colon cancer cell line (SW620) using cell viability (MTT) at 24 and 48 h. Anticancer potential was evaluated in SW620 using proliferation and morphological analyses. Several compounds, particularly 7a, 7b, 7c, 7g, 7h, and 7i, exhibited significant cytotoxic activity at 24 h in SW620, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.17 (5.82–19.96) to 37.51 (17.06–106.5) µM (p < 0.05). Notably, a pronounced time-dependent enhancement of activity was observed at 48 h in SW620, with substantially reduced IC₅₀ values for the most active derivatives, including 7i (4.97 (3.44–7.56) µM), 7b (5.86 (2.74–15.27) µM), 7g (5.25 (2.38–12.54) µM), and 7h (8.21 (4.09–18.48) µM) (p < 0.05). Treatment with these compounds induced marked morphological alterations, such as cell rounding, vacuolization, and disruption of normal cellular architecture, while proliferation assays demonstrated complete inhibition of cell growth by day four for selected derivatives. Importantly, halogen-substituted thiazole–chalcone hybrids (Cl, Br, and F), particularly 7c, 7g, and 7i, showed enhanced and time-dependent anticancer efficacy, underscoring the critical role of halogen substitution in modulating biological activity. These findings suggest that thiazole–chalcone hybrids represent promising anticancer pharmacophores and warrant further mechanistic and in vivo investigations. These findings suggest that thiazole-chalcone hybrids represent promising anticancer pharmacophores and warrant further mechanistic and in vivo investigations.