Pub Date : 2023-10-09DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-164-167
O. V. Gromova, S. A. Vorob’eva, O. A. Volokh, O. D. Klokova, L. F. Livanova, N. I. Belyakova, E. Z. Popova, O. A. Lobovikova, I. V. Shul’gina, I. G. Shvidenko, A. K. Nikiforov
The bivalent chemical cholera vaccine is the only drug for the prevention of cholera registered in the Russian Federation. The vaccine has been produced in glass bottles containing 210 tablets. At the same time, modern trends dictate the need to produce the drug in varying dispensing and more practical packaging for the convenience of the consumer. The aim of the work was to study the stability of the properties of the immunobiological medicinal product “Bivalent chemical cholera vaccine” with modified filling and in new primary packaging. Materials and methods. When studying the quality of bivalent chemical cholera vaccine batches, physicochemical parameters, formaldehyde content, specific activity and safety, abnormal toxicity, immunogenicity, and microbiological purity were assessed. Stability in terms of “specific activity” was evaluated using dot immunoassay. Results and discussion. As a result of this work, the use of several dispensing options and new primary packaging of cholera vaccine has been experimentally substantiated. The stability of the finished vaccine preparation has been established in the “accelerated aging” test and during long-term storage. The possibility of using dot immunoassay with a conjugate based on staphylococcal protein A, labeled with colloidal gold, to monitor the stability of cholera vaccine has been experimentally demonstrated.
{"title":"Assessment of Stability of Chemical Cholera Vaccine in a New Primary Packaging","authors":"O. V. Gromova, S. A. Vorob’eva, O. A. Volokh, O. D. Klokova, L. F. Livanova, N. I. Belyakova, E. Z. Popova, O. A. Lobovikova, I. V. Shul’gina, I. G. Shvidenko, A. K. Nikiforov","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-164-167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-164-167","url":null,"abstract":"The bivalent chemical cholera vaccine is the only drug for the prevention of cholera registered in the Russian Federation. The vaccine has been produced in glass bottles containing 210 tablets. At the same time, modern trends dictate the need to produce the drug in varying dispensing and more practical packaging for the convenience of the consumer. The aim of the work was to study the stability of the properties of the immunobiological medicinal product “Bivalent chemical cholera vaccine” with modified filling and in new primary packaging. Materials and methods. When studying the quality of bivalent chemical cholera vaccine batches, physicochemical parameters, formaldehyde content, specific activity and safety, abnormal toxicity, immunogenicity, and microbiological purity were assessed. Stability in terms of “specific activity” was evaluated using dot immunoassay. Results and discussion. As a result of this work, the use of several dispensing options and new primary packaging of cholera vaccine has been experimentally substantiated. The stability of the finished vaccine preparation has been established in the “accelerated aging” test and during long-term storage. The possibility of using dot immunoassay with a conjugate based on staphylococcal protein A, labeled with colloidal gold, to monitor the stability of cholera vaccine has been experimentally demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135146624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-07DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-156-163
E. A. Chumachkova, A. V. Ivanova, A. M. Porshakov, I. N. Vyatkin, M. V. Forostyanaya, K. Ya. Chumachkov, V. P. Toporkov
The aim of the study was to zone the territory of the Saratov Region using indicators that influence the intensity of epidemic manifestations of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), and to assess the risk of infection of people for a differentiated approach to the organization of anti-epidemic measures in natural foci. Materials and methods. When calculating the intensity of epidemic manifestations of HFRS in the administrative-territorial units (ATUs) of the Region, the indicators that have the greatest impact on the risk of infection were selected: the intensive rate of morbidity among population, the rate of infection of carriers with the HFRS virus, the number of recreational facilities, and the forest cover rate. The paper presents personalized data of HFRS patients, the results of epizootiological monitoring, information about recreational facilities and the forest fund of the Saratov Region. All the data considered cover the period of 2010–2022 for each of the administrative districts of the Region and the city of Saratov. To calculate the intensity of epidemic manifestations, the dimension method and the decimal logarithm were used. Results and discussion. As a result of calculations, 8 ATU of the Regions have been classed as the territories with the highest intensity of epidemic manifestations and the risk of HFRS infection, with high intensity – 9, with medium – 10 and low – 12. Epidemiological geo-information analysis made it possible to establish that the territories with the highest intensity of epidemic manifestations of HFRS occupy 15.8 % of the area of the region, high – 23.8 %, medium – 28.5 %, low – 31.9 %. Based on the findings of the study, 16 districts of the Region and the city of Saratov were identified as the most dangerous in terms of HFRS infection. Namely these territories that primarily require targeted epizootiological monitoring for early and effective management of preventive activities.
{"title":"Zoning of the Territory of the Saratov Region by the Intensity of Epidemic Manifestations of HFRS using GIS Analysis","authors":"E. A. Chumachkova, A. V. Ivanova, A. M. Porshakov, I. N. Vyatkin, M. V. Forostyanaya, K. Ya. Chumachkov, V. P. Toporkov","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-156-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-156-163","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to zone the territory of the Saratov Region using indicators that influence the intensity of epidemic manifestations of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), and to assess the risk of infection of people for a differentiated approach to the organization of anti-epidemic measures in natural foci. Materials and methods. When calculating the intensity of epidemic manifestations of HFRS in the administrative-territorial units (ATUs) of the Region, the indicators that have the greatest impact on the risk of infection were selected: the intensive rate of morbidity among population, the rate of infection of carriers with the HFRS virus, the number of recreational facilities, and the forest cover rate. The paper presents personalized data of HFRS patients, the results of epizootiological monitoring, information about recreational facilities and the forest fund of the Saratov Region. All the data considered cover the period of 2010–2022 for each of the administrative districts of the Region and the city of Saratov. To calculate the intensity of epidemic manifestations, the dimension method and the decimal logarithm were used. Results and discussion. As a result of calculations, 8 ATU of the Regions have been classed as the territories with the highest intensity of epidemic manifestations and the risk of HFRS infection, with high intensity – 9, with medium – 10 and low – 12. Epidemiological geo-information analysis made it possible to establish that the territories with the highest intensity of epidemic manifestations of HFRS occupy 15.8 % of the area of the region, high – 23.8 %, medium – 28.5 %, low – 31.9 %. Based on the findings of the study, 16 districts of the Region and the city of Saratov were identified as the most dangerous in terms of HFRS infection. Namely these territories that primarily require targeted epizootiological monitoring for early and effective management of preventive activities.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135301896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-147-155
D. V. Ul’shina, D. A. Kovalev, E. I. Eremenko, O. V. Semenova, A. G. Ryazanova, O. V. Bobrysheva, A. M. Zhirov, A. N. Kulichenko
The aim of the work was to compare the discriminating capacity of the canSNP13 genotyping and MALDI‑TOF mass spectrometry methods based on the results of the study of anthrax pathogen strains belonging to the two main genetic lines A and B. Materials and methods. 73 Bacillus anthracis strains from the collection of microorganisms of the Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor were investigated. Protein profiling was carried out using a Microflex mass spectrometer, data processing – in the environment of the statistical programming language “R”. Results and discussion. It has been experimentally confirmed that the proposed approach for differentiating proteotypes of B. anthracis strains with a discrimination index of 0.952 exceeds the one for the canSNP typing method and is comparable to the discrimination index for the MLVA31 method. The correlation of the results of strain clustering during typing by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and canSNP genotyping reaches 95 % as regards the division into the main genetic lines A and B. The studied strains of anthrax microbe, which mostly fall under phylogenetic groups of lineage A, represent more than a dozen protein profiles, which may be due to differences in the level of protein expression in strains of each canSNP genotype. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry makes it possible to obtain the results comparable with genetic tests, has a better discriminating capacity compared to canSNP typing, and is easier to perform.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Analytical Capabilities of MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry in the Molecular Typing of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i>","authors":"D. V. Ul’shina, D. A. Kovalev, E. I. Eremenko, O. V. Semenova, A. G. Ryazanova, O. V. Bobrysheva, A. M. Zhirov, A. N. Kulichenko","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-147-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-147-155","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to compare the discriminating capacity of the canSNP13 genotyping and MALDI‑TOF mass spectrometry methods based on the results of the study of anthrax pathogen strains belonging to the two main genetic lines A and B. Materials and methods. 73 Bacillus anthracis strains from the collection of microorganisms of the Stavropol Research Anti-Plague Institute of the Rospotrebnadzor were investigated. Protein profiling was carried out using a Microflex mass spectrometer, data processing – in the environment of the statistical programming language “R”. Results and discussion. It has been experimentally confirmed that the proposed approach for differentiating proteotypes of B. anthracis strains with a discrimination index of 0.952 exceeds the one for the canSNP typing method and is comparable to the discrimination index for the MLVA31 method. The correlation of the results of strain clustering during typing by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and canSNP genotyping reaches 95 % as regards the division into the main genetic lines A and B. The studied strains of anthrax microbe, which mostly fall under phylogenetic groups of lineage A, represent more than a dozen protein profiles, which may be due to differences in the level of protein expression in strains of each canSNP genotype. MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry makes it possible to obtain the results comparable with genetic tests, has a better discriminating capacity compared to canSNP typing, and is easier to perform.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":"300 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134945589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-123-131
M. I. Tolmacheva, A. Ya. Nikitin, E. I. Andaev, I. G. Chumachenko
The aim of this work was to analyze the spatial and temporal features of the epidemic process dynamics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Irkutsk Region in 2001–2021. Materials and methods. The data of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration for the Irkutsk Region, the Reference Center of the Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute, the materials of the state statistical reporting form No. 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases”, and scientific publications were analyzed. The chronological and chorological features of the change in the incidence of TVE have been traced. In the latter case, the administrative-territorial formations (ATF) of the subject were differentiated by epidemiological risk groups over two ten-year periods: 2001–2010 and 2011–2020. At each time interval, the grouping of areas according to the level of TBE incidence was carried out using the calculation of 95% confidence interval. Time sequences of observations were analyzed using the construction of regression equations. Standard methods of variation statistics in the Microsoft Excel were deployed. Results and discussion. Over the course of the 21st century, the incidence of TBE in Irkutsk Region has been declining. Based on 2001–2010 data, there were no cases of TBE in six ATF, and endemic areas were divided into three groups: with low (15 districts), medium (6) and high (8) incidence of TBE. A separate assessment of morbidity rates was conducted in the administrative center of the entity, the city of Irkutsk. In 2011–2020, the structure of ATF with varying epidemiological risk of TBE underwent a change. Six non-endemic areas, groups of low (12 ATFs), medium (9), high (6) and very high (2) epidemiological risk were identified. The spatial arrangement of high epidemiological risk zones changed, and their area increased. Each ATF cluster with different TBE incidence in 2011–2020 is characterized by the number of TBE cases and the volume of measures to prevent the infection. It is concluded that preventive measures were insufficient in ATF groups of high and very high epidemiological risk.
{"title":"Dynamics of the Epidemic Process of Tick-Borne Encephalitis in Irkutsk Region in 2001–2021","authors":"M. I. Tolmacheva, A. Ya. Nikitin, E. I. Andaev, I. G. Chumachenko","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-123-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-123-131","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to analyze the spatial and temporal features of the epidemic process dynamics of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Irkutsk Region in 2001–2021. Materials and methods. The data of the Rospotrebnadzor Administration for the Irkutsk Region, the Reference Center of the Irkutsk Research Anti-Plague Institute, the materials of the state statistical reporting form No. 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases”, and scientific publications were analyzed. The chronological and chorological features of the change in the incidence of TVE have been traced. In the latter case, the administrative-territorial formations (ATF) of the subject were differentiated by epidemiological risk groups over two ten-year periods: 2001–2010 and 2011–2020. At each time interval, the grouping of areas according to the level of TBE incidence was carried out using the calculation of 95% confidence interval. Time sequences of observations were analyzed using the construction of regression equations. Standard methods of variation statistics in the Microsoft Excel were deployed. Results and discussion. Over the course of the 21st century, the incidence of TBE in Irkutsk Region has been declining. Based on 2001–2010 data, there were no cases of TBE in six ATF, and endemic areas were divided into three groups: with low (15 districts), medium (6) and high (8) incidence of TBE. A separate assessment of morbidity rates was conducted in the administrative center of the entity, the city of Irkutsk. In 2011–2020, the structure of ATF with varying epidemiological risk of TBE underwent a change. Six non-endemic areas, groups of low (12 ATFs), medium (9), high (6) and very high (2) epidemiological risk were identified. The spatial arrangement of high epidemiological risk zones changed, and their area increased. Each ATF cluster with different TBE incidence in 2011–2020 is characterized by the number of TBE cases and the volume of measures to prevent the infection. It is concluded that preventive measures were insufficient in ATF groups of high and very high epidemiological risk.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-141-146
N. L. Tupota, V. A. Ternovoi, E. P. Ponomareva, R. B. Bayandin, A. N. Shvalov, B. S. Malyshev, T. V. Tregubchak, T. V. Bauer, E. V. Protopopova, N. K. Petrova, E. V. Zhebrovskaya, E. G. Burukhina, T. F. Khomichuk, A. P. Agafonov, R. A. Maksyutov, V. B. Loktev
Extensive spread of tick-borne diseases poses a significant problem for public health and the health of the population living in endemic areas. The aim of the study was to search, analyze genetic material and identify new viral agents of the Phenuiviridae family in taiga ticks collected in Asian regions of Russia using the method of high throughput sequencing. Materials and methods. The study involved 1460 taiga ticks collected in suburban areas of the Tomsk, Yekaterinburg and Primorsky Territory. The genetic material isolated from ticks was sequenced using Illumina technology followed by phylogenetic analysis. Results and discussion. Analysis of the sequencing results made it possible to detect extended nucleotide sequences of the L-gene fragment characteristic of the Phenuiviridae family viruses. We were able to identify 20 nucleotide sequences the length of 250 bp on average in homogenates of Ixodes persulcatus ticks. Eighteen isolates have been identified as members of the genus Uukuvirus and two isolates have been assigned to the genus Phlebovirus , Phenuiviridae family. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that all isolates of the genus Uukuvirus fall under the cluster of Tacheng tick virus 2 belonging to the species Tacheng uukuvirus. They form a separate phylogenetic group which is closely related to two Romanian variants of 2019. Tacheng tick virus 2 was detected in all three surveyed regions of the Asian part of Russia. Two Tomsk isolates of phlebovirus were classified as Sara tick phlebovirus and they clustered with two isolates of phleboviruses from Karelia. Thus, the genetic material of Tacheng tick virus 2 and Sara tick phlebovirus belonging to two genera of the family Phenuiviridae was found in I. persulcatus ticks collected in three geographically different regions of the Asian part of Russia.
{"title":"Detection of the Genetic Material of the Viruses Tacheng uukuvirus and Sara tick phlebovirus in Taiga Ticks Collected in the Sverdlovsk, Tomsk Regions and Primorsky Territory of Russia and Their Phylogeny","authors":"N. L. Tupota, V. A. Ternovoi, E. P. Ponomareva, R. B. Bayandin, A. N. Shvalov, B. S. Malyshev, T. V. Tregubchak, T. V. Bauer, E. V. Protopopova, N. K. Petrova, E. V. Zhebrovskaya, E. G. Burukhina, T. F. Khomichuk, A. P. Agafonov, R. A. Maksyutov, V. B. Loktev","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-141-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-141-146","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive spread of tick-borne diseases poses a significant problem for public health and the health of the population living in endemic areas. The aim of the study was to search, analyze genetic material and identify new viral agents of the Phenuiviridae family in taiga ticks collected in Asian regions of Russia using the method of high throughput sequencing. Materials and methods. The study involved 1460 taiga ticks collected in suburban areas of the Tomsk, Yekaterinburg and Primorsky Territory. The genetic material isolated from ticks was sequenced using Illumina technology followed by phylogenetic analysis. Results and discussion. Analysis of the sequencing results made it possible to detect extended nucleotide sequences of the L-gene fragment characteristic of the Phenuiviridae family viruses. We were able to identify 20 nucleotide sequences the length of 250 bp on average in homogenates of Ixodes persulcatus ticks. Eighteen isolates have been identified as members of the genus Uukuvirus and two isolates have been assigned to the genus Phlebovirus , Phenuiviridae family. Phylogenetic analysis has shown that all isolates of the genus Uukuvirus fall under the cluster of Tacheng tick virus 2 belonging to the species Tacheng uukuvirus. They form a separate phylogenetic group which is closely related to two Romanian variants of 2019. Tacheng tick virus 2 was detected in all three surveyed regions of the Asian part of Russia. Two Tomsk isolates of phlebovirus were classified as Sara tick phlebovirus and they clustered with two isolates of phleboviruses from Karelia. Thus, the genetic material of Tacheng tick virus 2 and Sara tick phlebovirus belonging to two genera of the family Phenuiviridae was found in I. persulcatus ticks collected in three geographically different regions of the Asian part of Russia.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-05DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-132-140
A. A. Tronin, N. K. Tokarevich, R. V. Buzinov, O. V. Sokolova, B. R. Gnativ, L. A. Bubnova, O. S. Safonova
In recent decades, a significant increase in the incidence of tick-borne viral encephalitis (TBVE) and the number of people attacked by ticks has been recorded in the European North of Russia. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the TBVE incidence and the number of people who appealed to medical organizations regarding tick bites in the European North of Russia. Materials and methods. We used the Form No. 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases”, the results of operational seasonal monitoring of TBVE, presented by the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations of the respective territories for our study. Statistical data processing was performed using the Microsoft Excel program. Display of the results on the map was carried out in the geographic information system ESRI ArcMap. Results and discussion. Combined analysis of the data on the number of cases and TBVE incidence, the number of people who appealed to medical organizations about tick bites and the number of people seeking advice about tick bites per 100 thousand population for the Arkhangelsk Region, the Republics of Karelia and Komi and their municipal districts has been performed. The mean values and gradients of the number of cases, incidence (2010–2020), the number of people who appealed to medical organizations regarding tick bites, and the number of people seeking treatment for tick bites per 100 000 population (2002–2020) have been calculated; maps of average values and gradients constructed. The incidence and the number of cases remain at the high level, exceeding the national average, but have been declining in the last decade. The number of people who appealed to medical organizations and the appealability of the population about tick bites per 100 000 of the population remain at a consistently high level and show no downward trend. The incidence and appealability of the population due to tick bites per 100 thousand of the population is spreading in a northerly direction, covering new territories in the Arctic zone. The main driving force behind the observed epidemic situation in the European North of Russia is the natural processes of climate change.
{"title":"Analysis of the Dynamics of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Incidence and the Number of People who Appealed to Medical Organizations about Tick Bites in the European North of Russia","authors":"A. A. Tronin, N. K. Tokarevich, R. V. Buzinov, O. V. Sokolova, B. R. Gnativ, L. A. Bubnova, O. S. Safonova","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-132-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-132-140","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, a significant increase in the incidence of tick-borne viral encephalitis (TBVE) and the number of people attacked by ticks has been recorded in the European North of Russia. The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of the TBVE incidence and the number of people who appealed to medical organizations regarding tick bites in the European North of Russia. Materials and methods. We used the Form No. 2 “Information on infectious and parasitic diseases”, the results of operational seasonal monitoring of TBVE, presented by the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations of the respective territories for our study. Statistical data processing was performed using the Microsoft Excel program. Display of the results on the map was carried out in the geographic information system ESRI ArcMap. Results and discussion. Combined analysis of the data on the number of cases and TBVE incidence, the number of people who appealed to medical organizations about tick bites and the number of people seeking advice about tick bites per 100 thousand population for the Arkhangelsk Region, the Republics of Karelia and Komi and their municipal districts has been performed. The mean values and gradients of the number of cases, incidence (2010–2020), the number of people who appealed to medical organizations regarding tick bites, and the number of people seeking treatment for tick bites per 100 000 population (2002–2020) have been calculated; maps of average values and gradients constructed. The incidence and the number of cases remain at the high level, exceeding the national average, but have been declining in the last decade. The number of people who appealed to medical organizations and the appealability of the population about tick bites per 100 000 of the population remain at a consistently high level and show no downward trend. The incidence and appealability of the population due to tick bites per 100 thousand of the population is spreading in a northerly direction, covering new territories in the Arctic zone. The main driving force behind the observed epidemic situation in the European North of Russia is the natural processes of climate change.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135546023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-99-107
E. V. Monakhova, A. K. Noskov, V. D. Kruglikov, A. S. Vodop’yanov, N. A. Selyanskaya, E. A. Men’shikova, M. I. Ezhova, N. B. Nepomnyashchaya, I. G. Shvidenko, O. A. Podoinitsyna, R. V. Pisanov
The aim of the work was to identify genotypic features of clonal complexes formed by CTX–VPI + strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated from water bodies of the Rostov Region in different years, based on bioinformatics analysis of their whole genome sequences (WGSs). Materials and methods. Whole genome sequencing was performed on the MiSeq (Illumina) platform; identification of genetic determinants in WGSs and bioinformatics analysis – by means of BioEdit, BLASTN, BLASTP, CARD, Vector NTI software packages. Results and discussion. The strains were almost identical in each group of 2002-, 2005-, 2007-, 2020-, 2021-, and 2022-isolates and were found at different points of water sampling over a longer or shorter periods of time (from 3 weeks to 2 months). Bioinformatics analysis of WGSs of representative strains divided them into 4 clusters, which can be considered as separate clonal complexes sharing a number of characteristic genetic markers: 1) 2002-isolates containing one SNP in regulatory rpoS gene; 2) 2007-strains carrying tandemly duplicated preCTX prophage; 3) strains isolated in 2020 in Rostov-on-Don and in 2005, during epidemiological complications in the Kamensk district of the Rostov Region, which had a “hybrid” pathogenicity island including the cluster of type 3 secretion system and the nan-nag region of the VPI-2 island, and 9 SNPs in rpoS gene; 4) 2021- and 2022-strains and a single 2018-isolate containing a 9 bp deletion in vchC collagenase gene. Despite the revealed differences, representatives of all clonal complexes possessed sufficient sets of intact determinants of pathogenicity/persistence factors to realize virulent properties and ability to survive in water bodies. Detection of clonal complexes of potentially pathogenic strains in surface water bodies indicates occasional emergence of favorable conditions for their long-term circulation, which emphasizes the importance of constant monitoring of V. cholerae in the territory of Russia.
{"title":"Genotypic Characteristics of CTX–VPI<sup>+</sup> Clonal Complexes of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> O1 Found in Water Bodies of the Rostov Region","authors":"E. V. Monakhova, A. K. Noskov, V. D. Kruglikov, A. S. Vodop’yanov, N. A. Selyanskaya, E. A. Men’shikova, M. I. Ezhova, N. B. Nepomnyashchaya, I. G. Shvidenko, O. A. Podoinitsyna, R. V. Pisanov","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-99-107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-99-107","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the work was to identify genotypic features of clonal complexes formed by CTX–VPI + strains of Vibrio cholerae isolated from water bodies of the Rostov Region in different years, based on bioinformatics analysis of their whole genome sequences (WGSs). Materials and methods. Whole genome sequencing was performed on the MiSeq (Illumina) platform; identification of genetic determinants in WGSs and bioinformatics analysis – by means of BioEdit, BLASTN, BLASTP, CARD, Vector NTI software packages. Results and discussion. The strains were almost identical in each group of 2002-, 2005-, 2007-, 2020-, 2021-, and 2022-isolates and were found at different points of water sampling over a longer or shorter periods of time (from 3 weeks to 2 months). Bioinformatics analysis of WGSs of representative strains divided them into 4 clusters, which can be considered as separate clonal complexes sharing a number of characteristic genetic markers: 1) 2002-isolates containing one SNP in regulatory rpoS gene; 2) 2007-strains carrying tandemly duplicated preCTX prophage; 3) strains isolated in 2020 in Rostov-on-Don and in 2005, during epidemiological complications in the Kamensk district of the Rostov Region, which had a “hybrid” pathogenicity island including the cluster of type 3 secretion system and the nan-nag region of the VPI-2 island, and 9 SNPs in rpoS gene; 4) 2021- and 2022-strains and a single 2018-isolate containing a 9 bp deletion in vchC collagenase gene. Despite the revealed differences, representatives of all clonal complexes possessed sufficient sets of intact determinants of pathogenicity/persistence factors to realize virulent properties and ability to survive in water bodies. Detection of clonal complexes of potentially pathogenic strains in surface water bodies indicates occasional emergence of favorable conditions for their long-term circulation, which emphasizes the importance of constant monitoring of V. cholerae in the territory of Russia.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-108-117
N. V. Pavlovich, O. S. Chemisova, N. V. Aronova, M. V. Tsimbalistova, A. S. Anisimova, E. N. Gudueva, O. N. Kolotova, L. V. Kataeva, K. B. Stepanova, A. P. Bondarenko, E. D. Teplyakova, O. E. Trotsenko, T. F. Stepanova, A. K. Noskov
The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the spectrum and antibiotic resistance of secondary pneumonia pathogens isolated in the territories of the Rostov, Tyumen Regions and Khabarovsk Territory against the background of a new coronavirus infection pandemic. Materials and methods. We investigated sputum samples from coronavirus-positive and coronavirus-negative patients with community-acquired pneumonia from medical organizations using bacteriological method, PCR mass spectrometry. Results and discussion. The study of the etiological structure of secondary pneumonia agents isolated from patients in medical organizations of the Southern, Ural and Far Eastern Federal Districts has revealed that the dominant cultures in SARS‑CoV‑2 “+” and SARS‑CoV‑2 “–” patients were yeast and yeast-like fungi. It has been found that under diversity of isolated fungi, Candida albicans species prevailed. The bacterial microflora is represented by a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, of which Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniaе were most often present in sputum. It has also been established that even before hospitalization of patients, community-acquired pneumonia could be caused by microorganisms of the ESKAPE group ( Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniaе , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Enterobacter spp.), which are usually considered as polyantibiotic-resistant pathogens of nosocomial infections. Moreover, in coronavirus-positive patients with secondary community-acquired pneumonia, those pathogens were isolated 2–3 times more frequently than in coronavirus-negative ones. Assessment of sensitivity/resistance of isolated strains to antibacterial drugs has revealed a general trend: the majority of the strains, regardless of the type, were characterized by a narrow spectrum of sensitivity, having 3 or more markers of antibiotic resistance. This confirms the necessity and expediency of microbiological support of the patient during the entire infectious process. The most adequate drugs of choice, providing activity against 60–70 % of strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family, are amikacin and cefoperazone/sulbactam.
{"title":"Comparative Analysis of the Pathogen Structure in Patients with Community-Acquired and Nosocomial Pneumonia in Medical Organizations of the Rostov, Tyumen Regions and Khabarovsk Territory at the Current Stage of a New Coronavirus Infection Pandemic","authors":"N. V. Pavlovich, O. S. Chemisova, N. V. Aronova, M. V. Tsimbalistova, A. S. Anisimova, E. N. Gudueva, O. N. Kolotova, L. V. Kataeva, K. B. Stepanova, A. P. Bondarenko, E. D. Teplyakova, O. E. Trotsenko, T. F. Stepanova, A. K. Noskov","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-108-117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-108-117","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative analysis of the spectrum and antibiotic resistance of secondary pneumonia pathogens isolated in the territories of the Rostov, Tyumen Regions and Khabarovsk Territory against the background of a new coronavirus infection pandemic. Materials and methods. We investigated sputum samples from coronavirus-positive and coronavirus-negative patients with community-acquired pneumonia from medical organizations using bacteriological method, PCR mass spectrometry. Results and discussion. The study of the etiological structure of secondary pneumonia agents isolated from patients in medical organizations of the Southern, Ural and Far Eastern Federal Districts has revealed that the dominant cultures in SARS‑CoV‑2 “+” and SARS‑CoV‑2 “–” patients were yeast and yeast-like fungi. It has been found that under diversity of isolated fungi, Candida albicans species prevailed. The bacterial microflora is represented by a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, of which Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniaе were most often present in sputum. It has also been established that even before hospitalization of patients, community-acquired pneumonia could be caused by microorganisms of the ESKAPE group ( Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus , Klebsiella pneumoniaе , Acinetobacter baumannii , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Enterobacter spp.), which are usually considered as polyantibiotic-resistant pathogens of nosocomial infections. Moreover, in coronavirus-positive patients with secondary community-acquired pneumonia, those pathogens were isolated 2–3 times more frequently than in coronavirus-negative ones. Assessment of sensitivity/resistance of isolated strains to antibacterial drugs has revealed a general trend: the majority of the strains, regardless of the type, were characterized by a narrow spectrum of sensitivity, having 3 or more markers of antibiotic resistance. This confirms the necessity and expediency of microbiological support of the patient during the entire infectious process. The most adequate drugs of choice, providing activity against 60–70 % of strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family, are amikacin and cefoperazone/sulbactam.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-04DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-118-122
O. A. Podoinitsyna, V. D. Kruglikov, D. A. Levchenko, A. S. Vodop’yanov, M. I. Ezhova, A. K. Noskov
Determination of Vibrio cholerae affiliation to one or another serogroup may meet some difficulties in cases of atypical agglutination with diagnostic cholera sera. The study of genetic determinants that allows for identifying a serogroup is a relevant task in monitoring of surface water body contamination with cholera vibrios. The aim of the work was to compare the structural organization (quantitative and qualitative gene composition) of LPS clusters in V. cholerae rough variants. Materials and methods. We used Illumina MiSeq for the whole genome sequencing; SPAdes software (version 3.11.1) for de novo assembly; and blastn (v. 2.5.0) for gene searching. GeneMarkS software was deployed for annotation of the genes incorporated in the clusters; nucmer – for searching homologous sites. Visualization of O-LPS clusters was carried out by means of SnapGene Viewer. Results and discussion. Strains of V. cholerae rough variants had diverse gene clusters responsible for O-antigen biosynthesis. We have identified three types of O-LPS clusters with different size and number of genes. Unique DNA sites, common to the whole group of V. cholerae rough variants, have not been detected. Two genes present in all rough strains have been defined, but they are not unique for this group of strains and can be found in representatives of other serogroups. For two types of clusters, a region containing the IS‑element, common with V. cholerae O1, has been revealed.
{"title":"Investigation of the Lipopolysaccharide Cluster Structure in the Genomes of <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Rough Variants","authors":"O. A. Podoinitsyna, V. D. Kruglikov, D. A. Levchenko, A. S. Vodop’yanov, M. I. Ezhova, A. K. Noskov","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-118-122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-118-122","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of Vibrio cholerae affiliation to one or another serogroup may meet some difficulties in cases of atypical agglutination with diagnostic cholera sera. The study of genetic determinants that allows for identifying a serogroup is a relevant task in monitoring of surface water body contamination with cholera vibrios. The aim of the work was to compare the structural organization (quantitative and qualitative gene composition) of LPS clusters in V. cholerae rough variants. Materials and methods. We used Illumina MiSeq for the whole genome sequencing; SPAdes software (version 3.11.1) for de novo assembly; and blastn (v. 2.5.0) for gene searching. GeneMarkS software was deployed for annotation of the genes incorporated in the clusters; nucmer – for searching homologous sites. Visualization of O-LPS clusters was carried out by means of SnapGene Viewer. Results and discussion. Strains of V. cholerae rough variants had diverse gene clusters responsible for O-antigen biosynthesis. We have identified three types of O-LPS clusters with different size and number of genes. Unique DNA sites, common to the whole group of V. cholerae rough variants, have not been detected. Two genes present in all rough strains have been defined, but they are not unique for this group of strains and can be found in representatives of other serogroups. For two types of clusters, a region containing the IS‑element, common with V. cholerae O1, has been revealed.","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135646753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-03DOI: 10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-93-98
F. V. Logvin, O. V. Semenova, A. G. Ryazanova, I. V. Zharnikova, L. Yu. Aksenova, D. V. Rusanova, S. A. Kurcheva, O. L. Startseva, A. S. Geogdzhayan, A. N. Kulichenko
The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the developed anthrax magnoimmunosorbents (MIS) for the selective concentration of Bacillus anthracis spores and to increase the sensitivity of anthrax agent detection techniques, including when testing soil samples. Materials and methods. We used 10 vaccine strains of B. anthracis and 30 strains of closely related bacilli of the genus Bacillus ( B. cereus – 15, B. thuringiensis – 10, B. megaterium – 5) with typical species properties. The work was performed on three experimental batches of magnoimmunosorbents. DNA extraction and PCR setting was carried out in compliance with the instructions for reagent panel for B. anthracis DNA detection “ApliSens Bacillus anthracis -FRT”. Results and discussion. It is shown that when using MIS, the sensitivity of the cultural method is increased by at least 7 times (taking into account the possibility of sorption of 1–10 or more spores on a sorbent particle). The sensitivity of the PCR method is improved by 10 times and amounts to 50 B. anthracis spores per 1 ml for the samples concentrated with the help of MIS. The sensitivity of the bacteriological method using MIS increases by a factor of 7.5 when testing the artificially contaminated with B. anthracis soil samples. Hence, application of the developed MIS makes it possible to significantly enhance the sensitivity of anthrax agent detection methods and can be considered as an effective means of sample preparation for the investigation of environmental objects (soil).
{"title":"Assessment of the Effectiveness of Using Magnoimmunosorbents for the Selective Concentration of Anthrax Agent Spores","authors":"F. V. Logvin, O. V. Semenova, A. G. Ryazanova, I. V. Zharnikova, L. Yu. Aksenova, D. V. Rusanova, S. A. Kurcheva, O. L. Startseva, A. S. Geogdzhayan, A. N. Kulichenko","doi":"10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-93-98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21055/0370-1069-2023-3-93-98","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the developed anthrax magnoimmunosorbents (MIS) for the selective concentration of Bacillus anthracis spores and to increase the sensitivity of anthrax agent detection techniques, including when testing soil samples. Materials and methods. We used 10 vaccine strains of B. anthracis and 30 strains of closely related bacilli of the genus Bacillus ( B. cereus – 15, B. thuringiensis – 10, B. megaterium – 5) with typical species properties. The work was performed on three experimental batches of magnoimmunosorbents. DNA extraction and PCR setting was carried out in compliance with the instructions for reagent panel for B. anthracis DNA detection “ApliSens Bacillus anthracis -FRT”. Results and discussion. It is shown that when using MIS, the sensitivity of the cultural method is increased by at least 7 times (taking into account the possibility of sorption of 1–10 or more spores on a sorbent particle). The sensitivity of the PCR method is improved by 10 times and amounts to 50 B. anthracis spores per 1 ml for the samples concentrated with the help of MIS. The sensitivity of the bacteriological method using MIS increases by a factor of 7.5 when testing the artificially contaminated with B. anthracis soil samples. Hence, application of the developed MIS makes it possible to significantly enhance the sensitivity of anthrax agent detection methods and can be considered as an effective means of sample preparation for the investigation of environmental objects (soil).","PeriodicalId":52264,"journal":{"name":"Problemy Osobo Opasnykh Infektsii","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135788581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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