Objective. Determination of the specifics of the relationship between psychological well-being and adherence to the normative model of traditional femininity based on the example of female students mastering helping professions at the medical and psychological faculties of Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod universities. Background. In the context of social instability and the constant growth of negative impacts on a person there is a need for detail study of psychological well-being and the specifics of the connection with it of other socio-psychological and personal phenomena. At the same time, the changed socio-cultural context of personality development as a gender subject, caused along with the traditional emergence of new egalitarian norms, in particular, femininity, actualizes the problem of the relationship between the psychological well-being of a woman's personality and the degree of adherence to traditional gender standards. Study design. The relationship between the level of psychological well-being and the degree of adherence to the traditional model of femininity among female students of psychological and medical faculties of Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod universities was studied. To analyze the data the Student's t-test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation analysis (Spearman's coefficient), and the Fisher coefficient were used. Participants. Sample: 92 female persons, 42 students of psychological faculties and 50 students of medical faculties of the 1st and 2nd years of higher education in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod aged 18 to 23 years (M=19,53; SD=1,11). Measurements. Questionnaire "Scale of psychological well-being" by K. Riff (adaptation by T.D. Shevelenkovа and P.P. Fesenko), Questionnaire "Norms of female behavior" by I.S. Kletsina, E.V. Joffe. Results. The average level of psychological well-being was found in the entire sample, while there are differences in female students of psychology and medicine between the scales of "Environment Management" and "Personal growth". The sample of female students of medical faculties of regional university shows a greater commitment to traditional norms of female behavior, and their well-being is more associated with traditional femininity. Conclusions. The relationship between psychological well-being and adherence to the norms of femininity in female students mastering helping professions in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod universities is established.
{"title":"Psychological Well-Being and Adherence to the Norms of Femininity of Female Students Mastering Helping Professions in a Regional and Metropolitan University","authors":"L.E. Semyonova, M. Sachkova","doi":"10.17759/sps.2022130407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130407","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Determination of the specifics of the relationship between psychological well-being and adherence to the normative model of traditional femininity based on the example of female students mastering helping professions at the medical and psychological faculties of Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod universities. Background. In the context of social instability and the constant growth of negative impacts on a person there is a need for detail study of psychological well-being and the specifics of the connection with it of other socio-psychological and personal phenomena. At the same time, the changed socio-cultural context of personality development as a gender subject, caused along with the traditional emergence of new egalitarian norms, in particular, femininity, actualizes the problem of the relationship between the psychological well-being of a woman's personality and the degree of adherence to traditional gender standards. Study design. The relationship between the level of psychological well-being and the degree of adherence to the traditional model of femininity among female students of psychological and medical faculties of Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod universities was studied. To analyze the data the Student's t-test, the Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation analysis (Spearman's coefficient), and the Fisher coefficient were used. Participants. Sample: 92 female persons, 42 students of psychological faculties and 50 students of medical faculties of the 1st and 2nd years of higher education in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod aged 18 to 23 years (M=19,53; SD=1,11). Measurements. Questionnaire \"Scale of psychological well-being\" by K. Riff (adaptation by T.D. Shevelenkovа and P.P. Fesenko), Questionnaire \"Norms of female behavior\" by I.S. Kletsina, E.V. Joffe. Results. The average level of psychological well-being was found in the entire sample, while there are differences in female students of psychology and medicine between the scales of \"Environment Management\" and \"Personal growth\". The sample of female students of medical faculties of regional university shows a greater commitment to traditional norms of female behavior, and their well-being is more associated with traditional femininity. Conclusions. The relationship between psychological well-being and adherence to the norms of femininity in female students mastering helping professions in Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod universities is established.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82680723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article presents the report of the International Scientific-Practical Conference "Ananiev Readings–2022. 60 Years of Social Psychology at St. Petersburg State University: From Origins to New Achievements and Innovations", held on October 18-21, 2022 at St. Petersburg State University. The main events and activities of the conference are highlighted. The article presents the main stages of origin, formation and development of the first Russian psychological science department of social psychology at the Saint-Petersburg (Leningrad) University, starting from development of theory and methodology issues to solution of social and psychological problems of an individual, group, collective and society. The importance of scientific exchange of experience of researchers of different scientific schools and directions is emphasized for the joint solution of urgent socio-psychological problems of modern society.
{"title":"60 Years of Social Psychology at St. Petersburg State University: from the Origins to New Achievements","authors":"S. Gurieva, A. Sventsitskiy","doi":"10.17759/sps.2022130412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130412","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the report of the International Scientific-Practical Conference \"Ananiev Readings–2022. 60 Years of Social Psychology at St. Petersburg State University: From Origins to New Achievements and Innovations\", held on October 18-21, 2022 at St. Petersburg State University. The main events and activities of the conference are highlighted. The article presents the main stages of origin, formation and development of the first Russian psychological science department of social psychology at the Saint-Petersburg (Leningrad) University, starting from development of theory and methodology issues to solution of social and psychological problems of an individual, group, collective and society. The importance of scientific exchange of experience of researchers of different scientific schools and directions is emphasized for the joint solution of urgent socio-psychological problems of modern society.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73398276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective. Analysis of relationships between gender system justification, perceived gender inequality and ambivalent sexism in support for female candidates for the presidential post in Russia. Background. Human and gender development indices in Russia are considered to be very high in world rankings, however, promotion of women in politics and top management remains at a very low level, the Russian population is still prone to various biases towards women and their roles in society. Analysis of psychological mechanisms and factors restraining women’s empowerment is crucial to understand the lack of positive social change and barriers to quality attainment. Study design. The study examined relationships between gender system justifications, perceived gender inequality, hostile and benevolent sexism and respondents’ gender in support for female political candidates for presidency. Correlational online study using analysis of moderated mediation was conducted. Participants. Sample: N=1011 Russian respondents (48% male, 52% female) from 18 to 75 years old (M=35,1; SD=11,94). Measurements. Measures of system justification by J. Jost and A. Kay, Ambivalent sexism inventory by P. Glick and S. Fiske (both adapted to Russian by E. Agadullina), a question on perceived gender inequality in Russia («How would you evaluate gender inequality in Russia?») and a question about willingness to see a woman as a president of Russia («Would you like to see a woman as a president of Russia?»). Results. The direct association between gender system justification and support for a female politician was not found, however, indirect association through perceived gender inequality is significant: gender system justification leads to underestimation of inequality which in turn undermines willingness of the population to support female politicians. Ambivalent (benevolent and hostile) sexism hinders support for female politicians; benevolent (but not hostile) sexism contributes to underestimation of gender inequality in the society. Respondents’ gender does not moderate the studied relationships. Conclusions. Gender inequality perceived at low level as well as sexist attitudes are key factors restraining support for women in stereotypically unconventional fields (such as politics). Prevalence of sexist attitudes is one of the possible reasons why positive change is decelerated.
{"title":"Support for Women in Politics: the Role of Gender System Justification, Gender Inequality Perception and Sexism","authors":"O. A. Ananyeva, M.K. Tatarenko","doi":"10.17759/sps.2022130403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130403","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Analysis of relationships between gender system justification, perceived gender inequality and ambivalent sexism in support for female candidates for the presidential post in Russia. Background. Human and gender development indices in Russia are considered to be very high in world rankings, however, promotion of women in politics and top management remains at a very low level, the Russian population is still prone to various biases towards women and their roles in society. Analysis of psychological mechanisms and factors restraining women’s empowerment is crucial to understand the lack of positive social change and barriers to quality attainment. Study design. The study examined relationships between gender system justifications, perceived gender inequality, hostile and benevolent sexism and respondents’ gender in support for female political candidates for presidency. Correlational online study using analysis of moderated mediation was conducted. Participants. Sample: N=1011 Russian respondents (48% male, 52% female) from 18 to 75 years old (M=35,1; SD=11,94). Measurements. Measures of system justification by J. Jost and A. Kay, Ambivalent sexism inventory by P. Glick and S. Fiske (both adapted to Russian by E. Agadullina), a question on perceived gender inequality in Russia («How would you evaluate gender inequality in Russia?») and a question about willingness to see a woman as a president of Russia («Would you like to see a woman as a president of Russia?»). Results. The direct association between gender system justification and support for a female politician was not found, however, indirect association through perceived gender inequality is significant: gender system justification leads to underestimation of inequality which in turn undermines willingness of the population to support female politicians. Ambivalent (benevolent and hostile) sexism hinders support for female politicians; benevolent (but not hostile) sexism contributes to underestimation of gender inequality in the society. Respondents’ gender does not moderate the studied relationships. Conclusions. Gender inequality perceived at low level as well as sexist attitudes are key factors restraining support for women in stereotypically unconventional fields (such as politics). Prevalence of sexist attitudes is one of the possible reasons why positive change is decelerated.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75710006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective. The Attitudes to Physical Disability Scale (ADS) adaptation.Background. Opinion polls show that in Russia perception of people with disabilities is complex and ambiguous. However, there is still no reliable method for measuring attitudes towards disability in Russia, but attitudes influence people with disabilities’ well-being and their inclusion.Study design. We conducted 2 studies. Within study 1 the original scale items were translated, tested at the stages of cognitive interviews and web-probing and corrected. Then a survey containing only the translated scale was conducted. In study 2 additional scales were included in the questionnaire in order to check the construct validity of the ADS.Participants. Study 1 sample included 627 respondents (45,6% men, Mage=35.99). Study 2 sample included 738 respondents (45,8% men, Mage=36.21).Measurements. During the research a series of cognitive interviews, web-probing and 2 surveys were conducted. Attitudes to Physical Disability Scale, social dominance orientation scale, just world belief scale and «Big Five Inventory» were used.Results. EFA results revealed the 3-factor structure of the Russian ADS version. CFA results indicated that the model has a good fit. Correlation analysis results proved scale construct validity, while high Cronbach’s α score proved its internal consistency.Conclusions. Russian ADS version proved to be a reliable and valid tool for investigating attitudes towards people with disabilities in Russia.
{"title":"Attitudes Towards Physical Disability Scale Adaptation on a Russian Sample","authors":"M.O. Romanova, E.A. Kozhan, A.O. Bykov, L.A. Efimova, A.F. Asadullina","doi":"10.17759/sps.2022130310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130310","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The Attitudes to Physical Disability Scale (ADS) adaptation.Background. Opinion polls show that in Russia perception of people with disabilities is complex and ambiguous. However, there is still no reliable method for measuring attitudes towards disability in Russia, but attitudes influence people with disabilities’ well-being and their inclusion.Study design. We conducted 2 studies. Within study 1 the original scale items were translated, tested at the stages of cognitive interviews and web-probing and corrected. Then a survey containing only the translated scale was conducted. In study 2 additional scales were included in the questionnaire in order to check the construct validity of the ADS.Participants. Study 1 sample included 627 respondents (45,6% men, Mage=35.99). Study 2 sample included 738 respondents (45,8% men, Mage=36.21).Measurements. During the research a series of cognitive interviews, web-probing and 2 surveys were conducted. Attitudes to Physical Disability Scale, social dominance orientation scale, just world belief scale and «Big Five Inventory» were used.Results. EFA results revealed the 3-factor structure of the Russian ADS version. CFA results indicated that the model has a good fit. Correlation analysis results proved scale construct validity, while high Cronbach’s α score proved its internal consistency.Conclusions. Russian ADS version proved to be a reliable and valid tool for investigating attitudes towards people with disabilities in Russia.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85435801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective. Quality of life is a category that develops in breadth, but not in depth. The objective of the paper is a brief systematic presentation of the approaches of three influential representatives of a field of interdisciplinary research of the quality of life, who contributed a lot to the shaping of this field and its development till our days, namely Alex Michalos, Joseph Sirgy and Ruut Veenhoven. Background. These three concepts of quality of life may be viewed as representing the main trend in quality of life research has evolved through the last three decades. The essential characteristics of this trend are, first of all, growing interdisciplinarity of both theoretical models and empirical research of the quality of life, increasing contribution of psychology to the understanding and investigating this area and progressing shift of the focus of research from objective living conditions to the subjective indicators of quality of life. Methodology. A transdisciplinary comparative analysis. Conclusions. These closely interconnected characteristics bridge quality of life studies focused on the specifics of different types of societies and cultures with the research of happiness and subjective well-being at an individual psychological level. The positive psychology currently defines today the main stream of understanding the quality of life in interdisciplinary research. This trend is expected to develop in direction increasing attention to the socio-psychological features of the personality, which determine its quality of life.
目标。生活质量是一个在广度上发展而不是在深度上发展的范畴。本文的目的是简要系统地介绍生活质量跨学科研究领域的三位有影响力的代表的方法，他们对该领域的形成及其发展做出了很大贡献，即Alex Michalos, Joseph Sirgy和Ruut Veenhoven。背景。这三个生活质量的概念可以被视为代表了生活质量研究在过去三十年中发展的主要趋势。这一趋势的基本特征是:首先，生活质量的理论模型和实证研究的跨学科性日益增强，心理学对这一领域的理解和研究的贡献越来越大，研究重点从客观生活条件向主观生活质量指标的转移。方法。一个跨学科的比较分析。结论。这些紧密相连的特征将关注不同类型社会和文化的生活质量研究与个人心理层面的幸福和主观幸福感研究联系起来。积极心理学定义了当今跨学科研究中理解生活质量的主流。预计这一趋势将朝着越来越重视人格的社会心理特征的方向发展，这些特征决定着人格的生活质量。
{"title":"Contemporary Approaches to the Quality of Life: from Objective Contexts to Subjective Ones","authors":"A. Lebedeva, D. Leontiev","doi":"10.17759/sps.2022130409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130409","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Quality of life is a category that develops in breadth, but not in depth. The objective of the paper is a brief systematic presentation of the approaches of three influential representatives of a field of interdisciplinary research of the quality of life, who contributed a lot to the shaping of this field and its development till our days, namely Alex Michalos, Joseph Sirgy and Ruut Veenhoven. Background. These three concepts of quality of life may be viewed as representing the main trend in quality of life research has evolved through the last three decades. The essential characteristics of this trend are, first of all, growing interdisciplinarity of both theoretical models and empirical research of the quality of life, increasing contribution of psychology to the understanding and investigating this area and progressing shift of the focus of research from objective living conditions to the subjective indicators of quality of life. Methodology. A transdisciplinary comparative analysis. Conclusions. These closely interconnected characteristics bridge quality of life studies focused on the specifics of different types of societies and cultures with the research of happiness and subjective well-being at an individual psychological level. The positive psychology currently defines today the main stream of understanding the quality of life in interdisciplinary research. This trend is expected to develop in direction increasing attention to the socio-psychological features of the personality, which determine its quality of life.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89833496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective. Against the background of the analysis of the history of social psychology, to study the specifics of its academic research at the IP RAS and the role of E.V. Shorokhova in their organization, characterizing her scientific life.Background. In connection with the 50th anniversary of the country’s leading scientific center for experimental psychological research — the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences — the article analyzes the scientific and organizational activities of the IPAN Deputy Director, head of the laboratory of social psychology, one of the founders and leaders of Soviet and post-Soviet social psychology, Professor E.V. Shorokhova, whose 100th birthday is celebrated by the scientific community this year. The relevance of the article is related to the need to study the history of Soviet social psychology as a historical and scientific basis for studying the existing prerequisites and explicating the logic of the development of socio-psychological knowledge in order to determine its future prospects in modern socio-cultural conditions. The novelty of the article is determined by the scientific methods of the institutional and personological analysis of the heritage and the construction of the periodization of E.V. Shorokhova as an authoritative enthusiast of the country’s first post-war socio-psychological research and one of the organizational leaders of their further development during the «Thaw» at the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences and then at the Institute of Psychology of the USSR Academy of Sciences/RAS during periods of «Stagnation», «Reconstruction» and modern democratization society.Conclusions. This article shows for the first time the periodization of the life stages of E.V. Shorokhova, their existential-institutional significance and scientific-subject content are shown, which had a strategic impact on the organization of a complex of socio-psychological research at the IP RAS.
{"title":"Scientific Reflection on the Development of Academic Social Psychology (to the 50th Anniversary of the IP RAS and the 100th Anniversary of the Birth of E.V. Shorokhova)","authors":"I. Semenov, D. Vodopianov","doi":"10.17759/sps.2022130313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130313","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. Against the background of the analysis of the history of social psychology, to study the specifics of its academic research at the IP RAS and the role of E.V. Shorokhova in their organization, characterizing her scientific life.Background. In connection with the 50th anniversary of the country’s leading scientific center for experimental psychological research — the Institute of Psychology of the Russian Academy of Sciences — the article analyzes the scientific and organizational activities of the IPAN Deputy Director, head of the laboratory of social psychology, one of the founders and leaders of Soviet and post-Soviet social psychology, Professor E.V. Shorokhova, whose 100th birthday is celebrated by the scientific community this year. The relevance of the article is related to the need to study the history of Soviet social psychology as a historical and scientific basis for studying the existing prerequisites and explicating the logic of the development of socio-psychological knowledge in order to determine its future prospects in modern socio-cultural conditions. The novelty of the article is determined by the scientific methods of the institutional and personological analysis of the heritage and the construction of the periodization of E.V. Shorokhova as an authoritative enthusiast of the country’s first post-war socio-psychological research and one of the organizational leaders of their further development during the «Thaw» at the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences and then at the Institute of Psychology of the USSR Academy of Sciences/RAS during periods of «Stagnation», «Reconstruction» and modern democratization society.Conclusions. This article shows for the first time the periodization of the life stages of E.V. Shorokhova, their existential-institutional significance and scientific-subject content are shown, which had a strategic impact on the organization of a complex of socio-psychological research at the IP RAS.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80283094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Pochebut, V. Chiker, I. Kuznetsova, S. Gurieva, D. Beznosov, N. Volkova, T. Yanicheva
The objective of this article is to develop and validate the scale for measuring organizational social capital consolidation (OSCC).Background. The problem of methodological support for the study of the social capital of an organization is relevant, since there are no reliable and proven methods of its research in social psychology to date. In accordance with the concept proposed by us, a methodology for diagnosing the main components of the organization’s social capital has been developed, its reliability and validity have been verified.Study design. The study comprises a three-phase process. In the first phase, the OSCC scale was developed. In the second phase, five socio-psychological studies were conducted by using OSCC scale in various organizations. The third phase includes the analysis of psychodiagnostics capabilities of the developed scale, its reliability, and validity.Participants. A total of 382 employees from 23 to 46 years old working for St. Petersburg organizations participated in the study. The average age was 35 years old. Males accounted for 40,6% of the sample, while females — 59,4%.Methods. The study applies the confirmatory factor analysis, the analysis of internal consistency and correlation analysis.Results. OSCC scale has construct validity and is reliable across the samples. The scale consists of four components: trust, commitment to targets and organizational values, following behavioral norms, and support of organizational reputation. Each component, anchored on a 5-point scale, includes four items.Conclusion. The OSCC scale is valid and reliable for measuring the main components of organizational social capital and estimating its consolidation.
{"title":"Psychological Diagnostics of Organizational Social Capital","authors":"L. Pochebut, V. Chiker, I. Kuznetsova, S. Gurieva, D. Beznosov, N. Volkova, T. Yanicheva","doi":"10.17759/sps.2022130305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130305","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this article is to develop and validate the scale for measuring organizational social capital consolidation (OSCC).Background. The problem of methodological support for the study of the social capital of an organization is relevant, since there are no reliable and proven methods of its research in social psychology to date. In accordance with the concept proposed by us, a methodology for diagnosing the main components of the organization’s social capital has been developed, its reliability and validity have been verified.Study design. The study comprises a three-phase process. In the first phase, the OSCC scale was developed. In the second phase, five socio-psychological studies were conducted by using OSCC scale in various organizations. The third phase includes the analysis of psychodiagnostics capabilities of the developed scale, its reliability, and validity.Participants. A total of 382 employees from 23 to 46 years old working for St. Petersburg organizations participated in the study. The average age was 35 years old. Males accounted for 40,6% of the sample, while females — 59,4%.Methods. The study applies the confirmatory factor analysis, the analysis of internal consistency and correlation analysis.Results. OSCC scale has construct validity and is reliable across the samples. The scale consists of four components: trust, commitment to targets and organizational values, following behavioral norms, and support of organizational reputation. Each component, anchored on a 5-point scale, includes four items.Conclusion. The OSCC scale is valid and reliable for measuring the main components of organizational social capital and estimating its consolidation.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91035353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective. The article examines how the Cold War propaganda employed the male stereotype in the representations of the Soviet and U.S. militaries. Background. The relevance is determined by necessity to study the methods and resources, which are used in creating the image of the enemy. For the first time the Soviet songs have been analyzed as a weapon of the Cold War propaganda. Study design. The research hypothesis was that the Soviet songs about the militaries contained two components related to masculinity. First, the identified characteristics of the militaries have been compared to the male stereotype per se; then – to the stereotype of Soviet masculinity. Measurements. The research materials consist of 190 Soviet songs (1946-1991) which contain the images of Soviet and U.S. militaries. Content analysis serves as the research method. The units for analysis: features and social roles attributed to a man and to a Soviet man. Results. The role of gender stereotyping in representations of “us” and “them”, in creating the image of the enemy has been examined on the data of the songs. The influence of the Soviet ideology on correcting male stereotype has been investigated. It was established that two modes of male stereotype used for creating the representations of Soviet and US militaries: both “us” and “them” were estimated through the light of stereotype of “real man”, on the one hand (strength, courage, self-control, and others), and through the light of stereotype of Soviet man, on the other hand (collectivism, patriotism, mercy, and others). Main conclusions. First, Song served one of resources in creating the image of Enemy; second, gender stereotyping functioned as an important method of the Cold War propaganda; third, main regularities of social stereotyping have been confirmed: “us” were represented in more detailed and more positive ways, then “them”.
{"title":"Stereotyping as a Weapon of Cold War Propaganda: Military Masculinity in Soviet Songs","authors":"T. Riabova","doi":"10.17759/sps.2022130406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130406","url":null,"abstract":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\"><strong>Objective.</strong> The article examines how the Cold War propaganda employed the male stereotype in the representations of the Soviet and U.S. militaries. <strong>Background.</strong> The relevance is determined by necessity to study the methods and resources, which are used in creating the image of the enemy. For the first time the Soviet songs have been analyzed as a weapon of the Cold War propaganda. <strong>Study design.</strong> The research hypothesis was that the Soviet songs about the militaries contained two components related to masculinity. First, the identified characteristics of the militaries have been compared to the male stereotype <em>per se</em>; then – to the stereotype of Soviet masculinity. <strong>Measurements</strong>. The research materials consist of 190 Soviet songs (1946-1991) which contain the images of Soviet and U.S. militaries. Content analysis serves as the research method. The units for analysis: features and social roles attributed to a man and to a Soviet man. <strong>Results</strong>. The role of gender stereotyping in representations of “us” and “them”, in creating the image of the enemy has been examined on the data of the songs. The influence of the Soviet ideology on correcting male stereotype has been investigated. It was established that two modes of male stereotype used for creating the representations of Soviet and US militaries: both “us” and “them” were estimated through the light of stereotype of “real man”, on the one hand (strength, courage, self-control, and others), and through the light of stereotype of Soviet man, on the other hand (collectivism, patriotism, mercy, and others). <strong>Main conclusions</strong>. First, Song served one of resources in creating the image of Enemy; second, gender stereotyping functioned as an important method of the Cold War propaganda; third, main regularities of social stereotyping have been confirmed: “us” were represented in more detailed and more positive ways, then “them”.</p>","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76383648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present issue of the journal "Social Psychology and Society" readers can get acquainted with articles united by a common topic – gender studies in the system of socio-psychological knowledge.
{"title":"Gender Issues in Social Psychology: Research Directions","authors":"I. Kletsina","doi":"10.17759/sps.2022130401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130401","url":null,"abstract":"In the present issue of the journal \"Social Psychology and Society\" readers can get acquainted with articles united by a common topic – gender studies in the system of socio-psychological knowledge.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88896705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Gritsenko, V. A. Shorokhova, O. Khukhlaev, I. Novikova, A. Chernaya, I.M. Pervushina, I.E. Liubitov
Objective. The determination of the conditions under which the preservation of ethnic identity will contribute to the effectiveness of intercultural interaction of international students with host Russian population. Background. With the growth in both the number of foreign cultural students in the Russian Federation and the intolerant attitude of the host community towards migrants the need to search for psychological resources of foreign cultural students in order to reduce the stressful impact of the new cultural environment and to establish effective interaction with representatives of the host culture increases. Study design. The research is based on the author's model for assessing and predicting the effectiveness of intercultural interaction, integratively combining Anxiety/Uncertainty Management theory by W. Gudykunst, the theory of Intergroup threat by W. Stephan & C. Stephan and Uncertainty-Identity theory by M. Hogg. The contribution of ethnic identity to the effectiveness of intercultural interaction of international students in Russia was determined with the help of moderation analysis using PROCESS macro add in package for SPSS Statistics 21.0. Participants. International students studying at higher educational institutions in Moscow, Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Ulan-Ude, 340 people (58,5% are women, the average age is 22,9 years). Measurements. Scales for determining ethnic identity, perceived threat and perceived discrimination, developed by J. Berry for the MIRIPS project adapted by N.M. Lebedeva and A.N. Tatarko and the scale of perceived effectiveness of communication across relationships and cultures by W. Gudykunst and T. Nishida, modified by O.E. Khukhlaev for international students' self-assessment of the effectiveness of interaction with Russian students. Results. The interaction effects of ethnic identity and self-assessment of intercultural communication effectiveness taking into account the moderating parameter (perceived threat and perceived discrimination) are revealed. Conclusions. Ethnic identity acts as a predictor of intercultural interaction effectiveness only in the conditions of perceiving the communication situation as either significantly threatening (high degree of perceived threat and medium degree of perceived discrimination), or as significantly discriminating (high degree of perceived discrimination and medium degree of perceived threat), or both significantly and threatening, and discriminating.
目标。确定维护民族特性的条件将有助于国际学生与俄罗斯当地居民进行有效的跨文化互动。背景。随着俄罗斯联邦外国文化学生人数的增加和东道社区对移民的不容忍态度，寻找外国文化学生的心理资源以减少新文化环境的压力影响和与东道文化代表建立有效互动的必要性增加了。研究设计。本研究基于作者提出的评估和预测跨文化互动有效性的模型，将W. Gudykunst的焦虑/不确定性管理理论、W. Stephan & C. Stephan的群体间威胁理论和M. Hogg的不确定性-认同理论整合在一起。民族认同对俄罗斯留学生跨文化互动有效性的贡献是通过使用SPSS统计软件21.0中的PROCESS宏进行调节分析来确定的。参与者。在莫斯科、伏尔加格勒、顿河畔罗斯托夫、圣彼得堡、叶卡捷琳堡、乌兰乌德的高等教育机构学习的国际学生340人(58.5%是女性，平均年龄为22.9岁)。测量。确定种族认同、感知威胁和感知歧视的量表，由J. Berry为MIRIPS项目开发，由N.M. Lebedeva和A.N. Tatarko改编;跨关系和文化沟通的感知有效性量表，由W. Gudykunst和T. Nishida编写，由O.E. Khukhlaev修改，用于国际学生对与俄罗斯学生互动有效性的自我评估。结果。揭示了考虑到调节参数(感知威胁和感知歧视)的民族认同与跨文化交际有效性自我评价的交互效应。结论。只有当交际情境被认为具有显著威胁性(高度感知威胁和中等感知歧视)，或具有显著歧视性(高度感知歧视和中等感知威胁)，或既具有显著威胁性又具有歧视性时，族群认同才会成为跨文化互动有效性的预测因子。
{"title":"Perceived Threat and Discrimination as Moderators of Ethnic Identity Connection and Effectiveness of Intercultural Interaction of International Students in Russia","authors":"V. Gritsenko, V. A. Shorokhova, O. Khukhlaev, I. Novikova, A. Chernaya, I.M. Pervushina, I.E. Liubitov","doi":"10.17759/sps.2022130410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17759/sps.2022130410","url":null,"abstract":"Objective. The determination of the conditions under which the preservation of ethnic identity will contribute to the effectiveness of intercultural interaction of international students with host Russian population. Background. With the growth in both the number of foreign cultural students in the Russian Federation and the intolerant attitude of the host community towards migrants the need to search for psychological resources of foreign cultural students in order to reduce the stressful impact of the new cultural environment and to establish effective interaction with representatives of the host culture increases. Study design. The research is based on the author's model for assessing and predicting the effectiveness of intercultural interaction, integratively combining Anxiety/Uncertainty Management theory by W. Gudykunst, the theory of Intergroup threat by W. Stephan & C. Stephan and Uncertainty-Identity theory by M. Hogg. The contribution of ethnic identity to the effectiveness of intercultural interaction of international students in Russia was determined with the help of moderation analysis using PROCESS macro add in package for SPSS Statistics 21.0. Participants. International students studying at higher educational institutions in Moscow, Volgograd, Rostov-on-Don, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Ulan-Ude, 340 people (58,5% are women, the average age is 22,9 years). Measurements. Scales for determining ethnic identity, perceived threat and perceived discrimination, developed by J. Berry for the MIRIPS project adapted by N.M. Lebedeva and A.N. Tatarko and the scale of perceived effectiveness of communication across relationships and cultures by W. Gudykunst and T. Nishida, modified by O.E. Khukhlaev for international students' self-assessment of the effectiveness of interaction with Russian students. Results. The interaction effects of ethnic identity and self-assessment of intercultural communication effectiveness taking into account the moderating parameter (perceived threat and perceived discrimination) are revealed. Conclusions. Ethnic identity acts as a predictor of intercultural interaction effectiveness only in the conditions of perceiving the communication situation as either significantly threatening (high degree of perceived threat and medium degree of perceived discrimination), or as significantly discriminating (high degree of perceived discrimination and medium degree of perceived threat), or both significantly and threatening, and discriminating.","PeriodicalId":54079,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology and Society","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89130174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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