Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism最新文献

Two initiatives are reshaping how we can approach and address the persistent and widely prevalent challenge of malnutrition, the leading global risk factor for morbidity and mortality. First is the focus on precision nutrition to identify inter- and intra-individual variation in our responses to diet, and its determinants. Second is the Food is Medicine (FIM) approach, an umbrella term for programs and services that link nutrition and health through the provision of food (e.g., tailored meals, produce prescriptions) and access to healthcare services. This article outlines how interventions and programs using FIM can synergize with precision nutrition approaches to make individual- or population-level tailored nutrition accessible and affordable, help to reduce the risk of metabolic diseases, and improve quality of life.

Plant-based diets emphasize higher intake of plant foods and are low in animal products. Individuals following plant-based diets have a lower risk of chronic conditions; however, the mechanisms underlying these associations are not completely understood. Omics data have opened opportunities to investigate the mechanistic effect of dietary intake on health outcomes. Here, we review omics analyses of plant-based diets in feeding and observational studies, showing that although metabolomics and proteomics identified candidate biomarkers and distinct pathways modifiable by plant-based diets, current evidence from transcriptomics and methylomics is limited. We also argue that future studies should examine how unhealthful plant-based diets are associated with a higher risk of health outcomes and integrate multiple omics data from feeding studies to provide further mechanistic insights.

Orosomucoids (ORMs) have historically been considered as carriers involved in drug and lipid delivery. However, recent studies indicate ORM2 as a hepatokine involved in metabolic regulation. Here, we highlight the functions of ORM2 in controlling metabolic health and disease, focusing on its newly discovered regulatory mechanisms.

Non-sugar sweeteners (NSS), low- or no-calorie alternatives to sugar, are marketed for weight loss and improved blood glucose control in people with diabetes. However, their health effects remain controversial. This review provides a brief overview of sweet taste perception and summarizes experimental findings of the impact of NSS on cardiometabolic health in animal models and humans. We also review evidence suggesting that many NSS are not metabolically inert, highlighting the challenges in related human studies. Given the conflicting and unclear data on health outcomes, additional mechanistic studies, particularly in animal models, are necessary to clarify how NSS influence feeding behaviors and energy homoeostasis.

Ferroptosis has been implicated in several reproductive disorders, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown; thus, interventions targeting this pathway are lacking. Here we summarize the emerging findings on ferroptosis in reproductive biology and corresponding disorders, and highlight perspectives and challenges on future ferroptosis research with potential clinical applications.

Aging is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, thus, translation of aging research into practical applications is driven by the unmet need for existing clinical therapeutic options. Basic and translational research efforts are converging at a critical stage, yielding insights into how fundamental aging mechanisms are used to identify promising geroprotectors or therapeutics. This review highlights several research areas from a clinical perspective, including senescent cell targeting, alleviation of inflammaging, and optimization of metabolism with endogenous metabolites or precursors. Refining our understanding of these key areas, especially from the clinical angle, may help us to better understand and attenuate aging processes and improve overall health outcomes.

Perceived stress levels, prevalence of pregnancies complicated by metabolic disorders, and childhood obesity have been increasing steadily. We here propose a pathway integrating stress-responsive biological systems into the established effects of maternal diabetes and obesity during pregnancy, overall exerting a combined contribution to offspring adiposity risk.

Purine metabolism is one of the core biochemical processes essential for cell survival and function. During development, purines are involved in germ cell development, ovarian function, and pregnancy outcomes. Here, we discuss the relationships between purine metabolism and reproductive health, offering insights into the future directions of the field.

Ovarian aging is considered to be the pacemaker of female aging, and is linked to various comorbidities such as osteoporosis, cardiovascular diseases, and cognitive decline. Many efforts have been made to determine the mechanisms underlying ovarian aging, but their potential to act as hallmarks to predict and intervene in this process currently remains unclear. In this review we propose nine hallmarks as common features of ovarian aging: genomic instability, telomere attrition, epigenetic alterations, impaired autophagy, cellular senescence, deregulated nutrient-sensing, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. Understanding the interaction between these hallmarks poses a significant challenge but may also pave the way to the identification of pharmaceutical targets that can attenuate ovarian aging.