Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions A: Science最新文献

Aerosol (AER) dispersion poses crucial challenges in urban environments due to its impact on air quality and public health. This study examines the influence of wind on the spatial and temporal distribution of the AER across Iran, using Sentinel-5P satellite data in conjunction with meteorological data spanning four years (2019–2022). Pearson correlation and linear regression models were applied to assess the influence of wind patterns on AER distribution across different regions. Preliminary findings demonstrated significant correlations between AER levels and wind patterns, suggesting that wind plays a substantial role in the dispersion of absorbing aerosols. Temporally, elevated AER levels were found during summer, likely due to increased anthropogenic activities and specific meteorological conditions. In contrast, lower levels were noted in winter months, attributed to stronger winds and precipitation. The results demonstrated that wind systems primarily cause the transfer of air pollutants from central urban areas (specifically the densely populated regions R5-R6, containing Tehran’s city center) to surrounding peripheral regions, with strong secondary evidence of inter-regional accumulation in specific downwind receptor areas (particularly R4), indicating the critical role of wind in transporting pollutants. These results highlight the importance of understanding regional wind patterns and their interaction with geographical and meteorological factors for air quality management.

The strategy in virtual screening of anti-viral and anti-malarial databases for possible therapeutic effects would be to identify promising drug molecules against coronavirus infection disease (COVID-19). This study aims to identify potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) through an in-silico screening of FDA-approved antiviral and antimalarial drugs. Quantum chemical calculations, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were employed to evaluate the binding affinity and stability of selected antiviral (lopinavir, remdesivir, adefovir, and oseltamivir) and antimalarial (mepacrine, quinine, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine) compounds against Mpro (PDB ID: 6LU7). Docking results revealed favourable interactions of several compounds within the active site of Mpro, indicating their inhibitory potential. Further validation through 150 ns MD simulations demonstrated stable protein–ligand complexes, supporting strong and persistent binding within the protease pocket. Overall, this comparative computational analysis suggests that selected antiviral and antimalarial drugs may serve as promising candidates for repurposing against SARS-CoV-2, providing a basis for further experimental investigation.

It is a well-known result of Hayman (Meromorphic functions. Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1964, Theorem 3.10) that if a non-constant meromorphic function F(z) in (mathbb {C}) satisfies

for some (lge 2), then (F(z)=e^{az+b}), where a and b are constants. This paper highlights two main objectives: first, to extend Hayman’s characterization of meromorphic functions satisfying certain logarithmic derivative conditions to several complex variables; and second, to apply this extension to study finite-order meromorphic solutions of the following specific nonlinear partial differential equation

where (i=1,2,ldots ,m) and Q(z) is an entire function in (mathbb {C}^m).

The dependence of eigenvalues of Dirac operator with interface conditions is studied in this paper. We will show that the eigenvalues are not only continuously but also smoothly dependent on the parameters of the problem. Moreover, the differential expressions of the eigenvalues with respect to each parameter are given.

In the present study, surface (n = 28) and deep (n = 4) sediments were sampled from the Gavkhuni International Wetland (GIW) to analyze potentially toxic elements (PTEs) values, sources, and potential ecological and human health hazards. Elements were analyzed applying inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). No significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in elemental concentrations between different sampling depths. The mean (± standard deviation) concentrations order of studied elements in surface sediment samples was: Al (28088.80 ± 13741.75) > Fe (16375.07 ± 7703.47) > Mn (364.21 ± 158.12) > Cr (55.04 ± 25.28) > V (51.93 ± 25.21) > Zn (36.35 ± 18.35) > Ni (27.30 ± 15.51) > As (24.40 ± 2.87) > Cu (17.43 ± 9.33) > Pb (9.82 ± 3.92) > Co (6.68 ± 3.30) > Mo (1.25 ± 0.98) > Cd (0.21 ± 0.11) mg kg^− 1. Arsenic value in all surface sediment samples exceeded the threshold effect level (TEL). Based on the enrichment factor (EF), As and Cd were identified as PTEs of potential risk in the wetland sediments. Although the mean contamination levels indicated by the modified contamination degree (mCd) were generally low, several sampling sites showed significant enrichment and pollution according to EF and the modified pollution index (MPI). At all sampling sites, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn exhibited minimal ecological risk, whereas As and Cd presented a significantly ecological threat. The highest toxic risk index (TRI) and modified hazard quotient (mHQ) values were observed at stations situated at the mouth of the Zayandeh-Rud River. Risk assessment indicated that children were subject to non-carcinogenic effects from As and carcinogenic effects from Cr through ingestion. Geological formations in the wetland catchment were recognized as the principal origin of the studied elements.

We study the classical Bohr inequality for bounded analytic functions f on the unit disk and present improved versions of this inequality. By incorporating a linear combination of the quantities (S_r/pi ) and (S_r/(pi -S_r)) into the majorant series of f with appropriate coefficients, we demonstrate that the Bohr radius and associated coefficients in all our results are best possible (sharp). Furthermore, we show that several existing results are derived as particular cases of our main findings. Finally, we establish that the initial coefficients (|a_0|=|f(0)|) and (|f(0)|^2) in the main inequalities cannot be replaced by |f(z)| and (|f(z)|^2), respectively.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a central nervous system disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration of striatal dopamine nerve cells. The dopaminergic pathway is essential for the body’s movement as it allows dopamine to be transported from one side of the brain to the other. Dopamine function declines in response to PD, which can be defined by the absence of substantia nigra dopaminergic nerve cells. Building upon the preceding research efforts, our objective was to ascertain the levels of Glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats exposed to rotenone injections, as well as to examine the protein expressions of D1 and D2 receptors in the striatum. GSH, SOD and MDA in the CSF as well as D1 and D2 receptors in the striatum were assessed. Sericin treatment in rotenone-exposed rats led to a notable decrease in MDA, plus an increase in SOD and GSH CSF levels when contrasted with the rotenone-only group. A significant reduction in D1R protein levels in the rotenone group was observed when compared with the control set. Treatment of animals by sericin in the rotenone-exposed group significantly increase D1R levels compared to the rotenone group. Data revealed that D2R protein level decreased significantly in the rotenone plus sericin and sericin groups compared to control group. Further, sericin treatment might have beneficial impacts on dopamine generation and function in PD models.

Let (mathcal {S}) denote the class of analytic univalent functions in the unit disk (mathbb {D}:={zin mathbb {C}:|z|<1}) with the form (f(z)=z+sum _{n=2}^{infty }a_{n}z^{n}). The logarithmic inverse coefficients (Gamma _{n}) of (fin mathcal {S}) are defined by

In this article, we determine the sharp bounds for the second Hankel determinant of logarithmic inverse coefficients for starlike and convex functions with respect to symmetric points.

Meyomessi-Olounou Pan-African granitoids occur in the Ntem Group (Ntem Complex). Mineralogy, geochemical and litho-structural features helped to constrain their petrogenesis and geodynamic setting. The observed granitoid blocks, boulders or slabs were subjected to Pan-African brittle deformation marked by a NE to ENE schistosity and a fracture event showing three principal orientations (N100E ̶ N120E, N010 ̶ N020E and N050/N070E) and dipping generally 50 to 70° SW. Medium to coarse-grained granodiorite, biotite- and amphibole-biotite granite are the varieties of granitoid studied in Meyomessi-Olounou. They are calc-alkaline S-type granite with SiO₂ (68.55–72.64 wt %), Rb/Sr (0.54–1.33) > 0.15 and low LFSEs and HFSEs. Fractionated REE display negative europium anomaly (Eu/Eu*4.68–8.56) with LREE [(La/Yb)_N = 0.02–0.03] enriched over HREE [(Gd/Yb)_N = 0.20–0.35], and ΣREE (255.00 ̶287.03 ppm). Granitoids were emplaced within a syn- collision context where partial melting, fractional crystallisation, felsic to mafic magmas and where the estimated crystallization temperature is between 700 and 950°C.

Groundwater resource assessment is an important part of sustainable water management in the coastal district. In this study, geoelectrical methods were employed for aquifer characterization and delineation of subsurface lithology in the Kanyakumari district, Southern India. Vertical electrical sounding data were collected at 47 locations using the Schlumberger array, and Dar Zarrouk parameters were derived from resistivity and layer-thickness inversion. The 1-D inversion results show resistivity values ranging from 4.7 to 1981.7 Ω m and layer thicknesses between 0.4 and 123 m. Curve-type interpretations show HA-type (36%) and HK-type (30%) curves correspond to sandy-clay and interbedded sand-clay lithologies, which are characteristic of a confined aquifer. Longitudinal conductance (S) varies between 0.158 and 5.709 mhos (60.1–1974.1 mhos/m²). Values > 2.0 mhos indicate higher groundwater productivity, typically associated with clay-rich zones. High transmissivity zones with a value > 10,000 Ω m² cover 493.04 km² and represent promising groundwater potential areas. In contrast, clay-dominated zones show a value < 500 Ω m², reflecting limited yield. In the southeast and southwest of the study area, low anisotropy value (λ = 1.01 to 30.88, dimensionless) was observed, reflecting structural control and heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity in sand and hard rock formations. These results offer fundamental knowledge of aquifer characteristics and groundwater potential, a scientific basis for regional freshwater resource planning. The geoelectrical parameter derived from calibrated models proved effective in delineating productive aquifer zones. Their application is recommended for sustainable groundwater management practices, particularly in agricultural and domestic supply. The research outputs presented in this paper directly support SDG 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation) by identifying safe and sustainable groundwater potential zones for irrigation and domestic supply.