Matrine-type alkaloids (MTAs) occur naturally in Sophora plants and frequently contaminate honey, creating regulatory friction between China and the EU owing to their toxicity and divergent maximum residue limits. Existing analytical tools either rely on laboratory-based instrumentation or target single analytes. We developed a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip (GICA) that simultaneously detects four MTAs-oxymatrine, matrine, sophocarpine and sophoridine-in honey. A broad-specificity monoclonal antibody (mAb 1C1) was raised via computationally guided hapten design, integrating conformational overlay, Mulliken charge and electrostatic potential mapping. The antibody showed high affinity (Kₐ = 3.85 × 10¹⁰ L/mol) and half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 1. 73, 3.84, 3.77 and 22.43 ng/mL for the four alkaloids, respectively. Under optimised conditions, the strip achieved visual cut-offs of 2-50 mg/kg and calculated LODs of 0.03-0.42 mg/kg, with spike recoveries of 87.2-107.0% in honey. Results agreed well with LC-MS/MS and the total assay time was 15 min. This work provides a simple, low-cost, field-ready platform for multi-alkaloid screening, directly addressing the compliance needs of honey export monitoring.
{"title":"Development of a Gold Immunochromatographic Strip with Broad-Specificity Monoclonal Antibodies for Rapid Detection of Matrine-Type Alkaloids in Honey","authors":"Shufen Si,Xueqing Wang,Liqiang Liu,aihong wu,Chuanlai Xu","doi":"10.1039/d6an01015f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an01015f","url":null,"abstract":"Matrine-type alkaloids (MTAs) occur naturally in Sophora plants and frequently contaminate honey, creating regulatory friction between China and the EU owing to their toxicity and divergent maximum residue limits. Existing analytical tools either rely on laboratory-based instrumentation or target single analytes. We developed a colloidal gold immunochromatographic strip (GICA) that simultaneously detects four MTAs-oxymatrine, matrine, sophocarpine and sophoridine-in honey. A broad-specificity monoclonal antibody (mAb 1C1) was raised via computationally guided hapten design, integrating conformational overlay, Mulliken charge and electrostatic potential mapping. The antibody showed high affinity (Kₐ = 3.85 × 10¹⁰ L/mol) and half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of 1. 73, 3.84, 3.77 and 22.43 ng/mL for the four alkaloids, respectively. Under optimised conditions, the strip achieved visual cut-offs of 2-50 mg/kg and calculated LODs of 0.03-0.42 mg/kg, with spike recoveries of 87.2-107.0% in honey. Results agreed well with LC-MS/MS and the total assay time was 15 min. This work provides a simple, low-cost, field-ready platform for multi-alkaloid screening, directly addressing the compliance needs of honey export monitoring.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149241312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aulia Ratri Hapsari,Noura Said Alkiyumi,Nicholas J. Goddard,Ruchi Gupta
Sustainable polymers such as chitosan are gaining popularity for diverse applications including sensing. Electrochemical sensors with chitosan-nanocomposite electrodes have been reported, but the use of undoped chitosan can reduce the cost of sensors. Chitosan films deposited on glass substrates can serve as optical label-free leaky waveguide (LW) sensors, providing high sensitivity at low cost compared to other optical sensors. Here, for the first time, we report chitosan LW biosensors for sequence-specific quantification of ∼7.9 kDa target DNA. The target DNA sequence selected in this work is strongly associated with low-grade, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The chitosan LW biosensor offered a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.4 nM for the target DNA in buffer without amplification and an analysis time of 30 min. In comparison, the LOD for the target DNA in 50% and 100% synthetic urine was 18.7 and 33.2 nM, respectively.
{"title":"A chitosan leaky waveguide biosensor for measurement of DNA biomarkers","authors":"Aulia Ratri Hapsari,Noura Said Alkiyumi,Nicholas J. Goddard,Ruchi Gupta","doi":"10.1039/d6an01137c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an01137c","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable polymers such as chitosan are gaining popularity for diverse applications including sensing. Electrochemical sensors with chitosan-nanocomposite electrodes have been reported, but the use of undoped chitosan can reduce the cost of sensors. Chitosan films deposited on glass substrates can serve as optical label-free leaky waveguide (LW) sensors, providing high sensitivity at low cost compared to other optical sensors. Here, for the first time, we report chitosan LW biosensors for sequence-specific quantification of ∼7.9 kDa target DNA. The target DNA sequence selected in this work is strongly associated with low-grade, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. The chitosan LW biosensor offered a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.4 nM for the target DNA in buffer without amplification and an analysis time of 30 min. In comparison, the LOD for the target DNA in 50% and 100% synthetic urine was 18.7 and 33.2 nM, respectively.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149241311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Food-safety decisions require rapid screening of adulteration, origin fraud, elemental contamination and freshness loss. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) provides direct multi-element fingerprints with short acquisition times and little reagent consumption. Its performance in foods, however, depends on a coupled analytical chain: sample presentation controls laser coupling and mass removal; plasma evolution and acquisition govern emission; calibration and modelling determine interpretation; and validation establishes reliability beyond the development dataset. This critical review uses that chain to assess food-related LIBS workflows. It examines powders, moist tissues, fatty materials, liquids and spatially heterogeneous samples, then considers plasma-aware acquisition, preprocessing, chemometrics, deep learning and multimodal fusion. Task-specific comparisons with ICP-based methods, near-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging clarify where LIBS adds value. Pelletization provides a reproducible baseline for many powders, whereas moist, fatty and liquid matrices often require flattening, phase control, immobilization or enrichment. Readiness is strongest for selected mineral-related authenticity screens and elemental warning at concentrations clearly above a decision threshold, provided that independent validation and quality control are available. Closed-set provenance and portable sorting are generally less mature, while regulatory trace confirmation, cross-instrument transfer and realistic microbial analysis require stronger evidence. Progress depends on end-to-end timing, threshold-focused validation, interpretable models, drift monitoring and selective confirmation with complementary techniques.
{"title":"Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for food safety analysis: sample presentation, data interpretation, and application readiness","authors":"Yikang Hou,Zhuoxi Li,Jie Lian","doi":"10.1039/d6an00368k","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an00368k","url":null,"abstract":"Food-safety decisions require rapid screening of adulteration, origin fraud, elemental contamination and freshness loss. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) provides direct multi-element fingerprints with short acquisition times and little reagent consumption. Its performance in foods, however, depends on a coupled analytical chain: sample presentation controls laser coupling and mass removal; plasma evolution and acquisition govern emission; calibration and modelling determine interpretation; and validation establishes reliability beyond the development dataset. This critical review uses that chain to assess food-related LIBS workflows. It examines powders, moist tissues, fatty materials, liquids and spatially heterogeneous samples, then considers plasma-aware acquisition, preprocessing, chemometrics, deep learning and multimodal fusion. Task-specific comparisons with ICP-based methods, near-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging clarify where LIBS adds value. Pelletization provides a reproducible baseline for many powders, whereas moist, fatty and liquid matrices often require flattening, phase control, immobilization or enrichment. Readiness is strongest for selected mineral-related authenticity screens and elemental warning at concentrations clearly above a decision threshold, provided that independent validation and quality control are available. Closed-set provenance and portable sorting are generally less mature, while regulatory trace confirmation, cross-instrument transfer and realistic microbial analysis require stronger evidence. Progress depends on end-to-end timing, threshold-focused validation, interpretable models, drift monitoring and selective confirmation with complementary techniques.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149230136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In anticancer drug discovery, there is a clear need to determine how much of a drug enters the cell and its concentration in different cellular compartments (e.g., the nucleus or cytoplasm). This information helps assess therapeutic efficacy and optimise drug design and in vivo dosage. Compared with other analytical techniques, Raman spectroscopy provides many advantages that make it well suited to this application. It is non-destructive, preserving the structural and chemical integrity of the sample. It also eliminates the need for complex sample preparation and is suitable for live-cell experiments. Moreover, Raman spectra are largely unaffected by water interference, making the technique ideal for analysing living cells. Label-free detection is one of its most distinctive advantages. This study requires quantitative analysis without any fluorescent labels or other biological markers, while Raman measurements can rely solely on the inherent Raman properties of the anticancer drug itself, eliminating potential interference from labels on biological activity. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive investigation into the application of Raman spectroscopy for quantifying anticancer drug concentrations in living cells, combined with machine learning-based analysis. It advances beyond imaging analysis of drug distribution by determining drug concentrations and membrane permeability coefficients using Raman signals. For drugs administered at a concentration of 0.3%, accuracies of 0.01-0.1% were determined for a variety of anticancer drugs in different cell lines within a measurement window of 5 minutes.
{"title":"Quantification of drug concentrations in individual living cancer cells using Raman spectroscopy and machine learning","authors":"Jiaming Li,Jan Cerski,Andrew Downes","doi":"10.1039/d6an00870d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an00870d","url":null,"abstract":"In anticancer drug discovery, there is a clear need to determine how much of a drug enters the cell and its concentration in different cellular compartments (e.g., the nucleus or cytoplasm). This information helps assess therapeutic efficacy and optimise drug design and in vivo dosage. Compared with other analytical techniques, Raman spectroscopy provides many advantages that make it well suited to this application. It is non-destructive, preserving the structural and chemical integrity of the sample. It also eliminates the need for complex sample preparation and is suitable for live-cell experiments. Moreover, Raman spectra are largely unaffected by water interference, making the technique ideal for analysing living cells. Label-free detection is one of its most distinctive advantages. This study requires quantitative analysis without any fluorescent labels or other biological markers, while Raman measurements can rely solely on the inherent Raman properties of the anticancer drug itself, eliminating potential interference from labels on biological activity. Overall, this paper provides a comprehensive investigation into the application of Raman spectroscopy for quantifying anticancer drug concentrations in living cells, combined with machine learning-based analysis. It advances beyond imaging analysis of drug distribution by determining drug concentrations and membrane permeability coefficients using Raman signals. For drugs administered at a concentration of 0.3%, accuracies of 0.01-0.1% were determined for a variety of anticancer drugs in different cell lines within a measurement window of 5 minutes.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149230137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) composed of 2-vinylpyridine and 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium acetate (FMs) imprinted with homophthalic acid (pseudo-template (T) was fabricated directly on a stainless-steel substrate for selective adsorption of mono- and dicarboxylic acid metabolites of light aromatic components of petrogenic oil from complex aqueous samples. The analytical method features multiplexed sample processing, which yeilds high-throughput extraction and desorption (≥ 45 samples in 2.7 h or <4 min/sample), combined with a fast (8 min) UHPLC-MS/MS method for analysis of metabolites associated with microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) and bioremediation. Notable parameters that influence extraction efficiency, such as ratios of polymer components, extraction time, desorption time, desorption volume, and desorption solvent, were optimized. Polymer morphology, porosity and surface area were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption porosimetry (Brunauer Emmett-Teller, BET), respectively. The method achieved limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.05-0.2 ng mL-1 and limits of quantitation (LOQ) from 0.1-0.5 ng mL-1 with excellent linearity (R2 > 0.998) over 2-3 orders of magnitude for monocarboxylic acids (e.g., 0.1-500 ng mL-1 for salicylic acid, 0.5-1000 ng mL-1 for o, p, m-toluic acid) and for dicarboxylic metabolites (e.g., 0.5-500 ng mL-1 for phenylsuccinic acid and 0.1-500 ng mL-1 for benzylsuccinic acid). The accuracies from spiked samples ranged from 84-4-108% with %RSD of 1.6-13% for seawater and 83.6-114% with %RSD of 1.3-10.5% for produced water.
在不锈钢底物上制备了一种由2-乙烯基吡啶和1-乙烯基-3-乙基咪唑醋酸酯（FMs）分子印迹聚合物（MIP），用于选择性吸附复杂含水样品中轻芳香烃组分的一羧酸代谢物和二羧酸代谢物。该分析方法具有多重样品处理的特点，对单羧酸（例如水杨酸0.1-500 ng mL-1, o, p， m-甲酸0.5-1000 ng mL-1）和二羧酸代谢物（例如苯琥珀酸0.5-500 ng mL-1和苯琥珀酸0.1-500 ng mL-1）产生高通量的提取和解吸（2.7 h或0.998样品≥45个），超过2-3个数量级。海水加样的准确度为84-4-108%，RSD为1.6-13%；采出水加样的准确度为83.6-114%，RSD为1.3-10.5%。
{"title":"Molecularly imprinted polymer thin film solid phase microextraction for biomarkers of anaerobic metabolism of BTEX by microorganisms involved in bioremediation and in microbially influenced corrosion","authors":"Temitope Odunayo Nwachukwu,Reza Akhoondi,Christina Sheila Bottaro","doi":"10.1039/d6an00943c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an00943c","url":null,"abstract":"A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) composed of 2-vinylpyridine and 1-vinyl-3-ethylimidazolium acetate (FMs) imprinted with homophthalic acid (pseudo-template (T) was fabricated directly on a stainless-steel substrate for selective adsorption of mono- and dicarboxylic acid metabolites of light aromatic components of petrogenic oil from complex aqueous samples. The analytical method features multiplexed sample processing, which yeilds high-throughput extraction and desorption (≥ 45 samples in 2.7 h or <4 min/sample), combined with a fast (8 min) UHPLC-MS/MS method for analysis of metabolites associated with microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) and bioremediation. Notable parameters that influence extraction efficiency, such as ratios of polymer components, extraction time, desorption time, desorption volume, and desorption solvent, were optimized. Polymer morphology, porosity and surface area were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption porosimetry (Brunauer Emmett-Teller, BET), respectively. The method achieved limits of detection (LOD) ranging from 0.05-0.2 ng mL-1 and limits of quantitation (LOQ) from 0.1-0.5 ng mL-1 with excellent linearity (R2 > 0.998) over 2-3 orders of magnitude for monocarboxylic acids (e.g., 0.1-500 ng mL-1 for salicylic acid, 0.5-1000 ng mL-1 for o, p, m-toluic acid) and for dicarboxylic metabolites (e.g., 0.5-500 ng mL-1 for phenylsuccinic acid and 0.1-500 ng mL-1 for benzylsuccinic acid). The accuracies from spiked samples ranged from 84-4-108% with %RSD of 1.6-13% for seawater and 83.6-114% with %RSD of 1.3-10.5% for produced water.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149230138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Decentralised point-of-care testing (POCT) is driving a paradigm shift towards non-invasive and minimally invasive continuous health monitoring. While alternative biofluids, such as saliva, sweat, tears, exhaled breath condensate, and interstitial fluid (ISF) offer a patient-centric window into systemic physiology, their clinical utility remains constrained by ultra-low biomarker concentrations, severe matrix complexity, high analytical noise, and ambiguous correlations with established blood reference ranges. This review examines how micro-total analysis systems (µTAS), augmented by advanced functional materials and artificial intelligence (AI), systematically overcome these analytical bottlenecks. We evaluate wearable, implantable, and handheld microfluidic architectures, focusing on how passive fluidic logic and on-chip pre-concentration matrices (e.g., cellulose nanofibers and hydrogels) minimise biofouling and sample attenuation. Furthermore, we assess next-generation transduction modalities, spanning low-power electrochemical arrays, optical colorimetric assays, and vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), amplified by functional porous nanomaterials, including MXenes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Crucially, we detail the pivotal shift from conventional linear calibration models to machine learning (ML)-driven multivariate deconvolution. We review the deployment of computational frameworks-including supervised/unsupervised learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for direct microfluidic signal denoising, dynamic sensor calibration, drift compensation, and multiplexed pattern decoding. Finally, we address the technical, ethical, and regulatory hurdles to clinical translation, highlighting emerging frontiers such as Edge AI and federated learning. Synergistically unifying precision bio-interface fluidics with intelligent data pipelines could help move microfluidic POCT platforms from qualitative screening tools towards quantitative, predictive diagnostics, although most reported systems remain at the prototype or pilot stage and still require prospective clinical validation.
{"title":"Intelligent diagnostics: AI-augmented microfluidic devices for non-invasive and minimally invasive disease biomarker monitoring.","authors":"Akkapol Suea-Ngam, Supacha Wirojsaengthong, Pumidech Puthongkham, Nadnudda Rodthongkum","doi":"10.1039/d6an00751a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an00751a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Decentralised point-of-care testing (POCT) is driving a paradigm shift towards non-invasive and minimally invasive continuous health monitoring. While alternative biofluids, such as saliva, sweat, tears, exhaled breath condensate, and interstitial fluid (ISF) offer a patient-centric window into systemic physiology, their clinical utility remains constrained by ultra-low biomarker concentrations, severe matrix complexity, high analytical noise, and ambiguous correlations with established blood reference ranges. This review examines how micro-total analysis systems (µTAS), augmented by advanced functional materials and artificial intelligence (AI), systematically overcome these analytical bottlenecks. We evaluate wearable, implantable, and handheld microfluidic architectures, focusing on how passive fluidic logic and on-chip pre-concentration matrices (<i>e.g.</i>, cellulose nanofibers and hydrogels) minimise biofouling and sample attenuation. Furthermore, we assess next-generation transduction modalities, spanning low-power electrochemical arrays, optical colorimetric assays, and vibrational spectroscopy (IR and Raman), amplified by functional porous nanomaterials, including MXenes, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Crucially, we detail the pivotal shift from conventional linear calibration models to machine learning (ML)-driven multivariate deconvolution. We review the deployment of computational frameworks-including supervised/unsupervised learning, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks for direct microfluidic signal denoising, dynamic sensor calibration, drift compensation, and multiplexed pattern decoding. Finally, we address the technical, ethical, and regulatory hurdles to clinical translation, highlighting emerging frontiers such as Edge AI and federated learning. Synergistically unifying precision bio-interface fluidics with intelligent data pipelines could help move microfluidic POCT platforms from qualitative screening tools towards quantitative, predictive diagnostics, although most reported systems remain at the prototype or pilot stage and still require prospective clinical validation.</p>","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149230912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dide Su Demirel,Naci Polat,Hakan Eligul,Zeynep Yegin,Barbaros Cetin,Veli Cengiz Ozalp,Elif Esra Altuner,Ali Dogan Dursun,Gunes Kibar
Saliva is a promising non-invasive specimen for respiratory virus diagnostics but its biochemical complexity challenges direct interfacing with affinity-based biosensors. We report a dual-aptamer magnetic-capture electrochemical assay for detection of influenza B virus (IBV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) in artificial saliva. For each target virus, two sequence-distinct DNA aptamers are used: an amino-modified capture aptamer (IBV1 or RSV1) covalently coupled to ~5 µm polydopamine-coated magnetic microparticles by direct Schiff-base reaction with the polydopamine quinone/catechol surface, and a thiol-modified detection aptamer (IBV2 or RSV2) self-assembled on screen-printed gold electrodes via thiol–gold chemistry. After a single multiplexed batch capture step with both aptamer–magnetic-particle types, the pellet is split and analysed in parallel on the two aptamer-modified electrodes by square-wave voltammetry (SWV). Langmuir analysis of the SWV calibration curves yielded apparent dissociation constants of Kd = 177 ± 62 PFU mL⁻¹ (IBV) and 226 ± 85 PFU mL⁻¹ (hRSV), with detection limits of 15 and 11 PFU mL⁻¹, respectively. Log-linear calibration spanned 10¹–10⁴ PFU mL⁻¹ on both channels (n = 4 concentrations, R² = 0.995 and 0.990) with sensitivities of 8.58 and 6.61 µA per decade, so that each virus-specific assay covers three orders of magnitude of viral load. The sequence-orthogonal dual-aptamer geometry — capture and detection recognitions targeting non-identical epitopes — is proposed as the structural mitigation. This proof-of-concept establishes a programmable, saliva-compatible architecture reconfigurable for emerging respiratory pathogens by aptamer substitution alone.
{"title":"Dual-Aptamer Magnetic Capture and Electrochemical Detection of Influenza B and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses in Artificial Saliva","authors":"Dide Su Demirel,Naci Polat,Hakan Eligul,Zeynep Yegin,Barbaros Cetin,Veli Cengiz Ozalp,Elif Esra Altuner,Ali Dogan Dursun,Gunes Kibar","doi":"10.1039/d6an01053a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an01053a","url":null,"abstract":"Saliva is a promising non-invasive specimen for respiratory virus diagnostics but its biochemical complexity challenges direct interfacing with affinity-based biosensors. We report a dual-aptamer magnetic-capture electrochemical assay for detection of influenza B virus (IBV) and human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) in artificial saliva. For each target virus, two sequence-distinct DNA aptamers are used: an amino-modified capture aptamer (IBV1 or RSV1) covalently coupled to ~5 µm polydopamine-coated magnetic microparticles by direct Schiff-base reaction with the polydopamine quinone/catechol surface, and a thiol-modified detection aptamer (IBV2 or RSV2) self-assembled on screen-printed gold electrodes via thiol–gold chemistry. After a single multiplexed batch capture step with both aptamer–magnetic-particle types, the pellet is split and analysed in parallel on the two aptamer-modified electrodes by square-wave voltammetry (SWV). Langmuir analysis of the SWV calibration curves yielded apparent dissociation constants of Kd = 177 ± 62 PFU mL⁻¹ (IBV) and 226 ± 85 PFU mL⁻¹ (hRSV), with detection limits of 15 and 11 PFU mL⁻¹, respectively. Log-linear calibration spanned 10¹–10⁴ PFU mL⁻¹ on both channels (n = 4 concentrations, R² = 0.995 and 0.990) with sensitivities of 8.58 and 6.61 µA per decade, so that each virus-specific assay covers three orders of magnitude of viral load. The sequence-orthogonal dual-aptamer geometry — capture and detection recognitions targeting non-identical epitopes — is proposed as the structural mitigation. This proof-of-concept establishes a programmable, saliva-compatible architecture reconfigurable for emerging respiratory pathogens by aptamer substitution alone.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149225962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Qu,Lixia Mei,Xinxin Li,Hong Zhang,Hongfei He,Yuan Xu,Yongjun Yang,Guangcheng Luo
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is one of the most widely used molecular diagnostic methods and is considered a promising tool for point-of-care testing (POCT). However, because LAMP requires multiple complex primers, false-positive and false-negative results can occur, thereby limiting its clinical applicability. Herein, we propose a novel chemically modified double-stranded probe (CDP) to reduce false-positive and false-negative LAMP results, thereby developing CDP-assisted LAMP (CLAMP). The CDP consists of a recognition strand (RS) and a 2′-fluoro (2′-F)-modified signal strand (SS). We found that the 2′-F-modified SS has a significantly higher melting temperature than its natural counterpart, providing excellent thermostability and a high signal-to-noise ratio. During the CLAMP reaction, the CDP specifically binds to LAMP amplicons via its RS, and the SS is efficiently displaced by Bst DNA polymerase, enabling specific fluorescence generation. With the assistance of CDP, CLAMP effectively reduces false-positive and false-negative results and tolerates common interfering compounds. Furthermore, CLAMP was 100-fold more sensitive than conventional LAMP and exhibited 100% accuracy in clinical validation. In summary, a novel CDP-based strategy was established to enhance the performance of LAMP, thereby improving its applicability and offering a promising tool for POCT molecular diagnosis.
{"title":"A novel double-stranded probe minimizes false-positive and false-negative LAMP results with ultrasensitivity and high specificity","authors":"Jie Qu,Lixia Mei,Xinxin Li,Hong Zhang,Hongfei He,Yuan Xu,Yongjun Yang,Guangcheng Luo","doi":"10.1039/d6an00881j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an00881j","url":null,"abstract":"Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is one of the most widely used molecular diagnostic methods and is considered a promising tool for point-of-care testing (POCT). However, because LAMP requires multiple complex primers, false-positive and false-negative results can occur, thereby limiting its clinical applicability. Herein, we propose a novel chemically modified double-stranded probe (CDP) to reduce false-positive and false-negative LAMP results, thereby developing CDP-assisted LAMP (CLAMP). The CDP consists of a recognition strand (RS) and a 2′-fluoro (2′-F)-modified signal strand (SS). We found that the 2′-F-modified SS has a significantly higher melting temperature than its natural counterpart, providing excellent thermostability and a high signal-to-noise ratio. During the CLAMP reaction, the CDP specifically binds to LAMP amplicons via its RS, and the SS is efficiently displaced by Bst DNA polymerase, enabling specific fluorescence generation. With the assistance of CDP, CLAMP effectively reduces false-positive and false-negative results and tolerates common interfering compounds. Furthermore, CLAMP was 100-fold more sensitive than conventional LAMP and exhibited 100% accuracy in clinical validation. In summary, a novel CDP-based strategy was established to enhance the performance of LAMP, thereby improving its applicability and offering a promising tool for POCT molecular diagnosis.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiayi Yan,Xiuli Wu,Jingyan Gao,Wentao Su,Xiaomeng Ren,Fanhua Kong,Shuang Song
Intestinal inflammation is a central pathological process in gastrointestinal diseases, yet conventional in vitro models poorly reproduce epithelial–immune interactions, and accessible platforms for rapid anti-inflammatory screening remain lacking. Here, a low-cost, high-throughput tape-based intestinal chip co-culturing Caco-2 epithelial cells and RAW264.7 macrophages under dynamic flow was applied to approximate the epithelial–macrophage interface of the intestinal wall and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). Three COS fractions (COS1, COS2, COS3; 3.6, 2.7, and 0.8 kDa) prepared from Antarctic krill shell exhibited molecular weight-dependent transepithelial permeability, with COS3 showing the highest permeability. All COS fractions significantly suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, macrophage morphological activation, and the production of NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, with the low-molecular-weight COS3 showing the strongest effects under equal-mass dosing. Targeted metabolomics identified four candidate marker metabolites (proline, asparagine, GTP, and α-ketoglutaric acid) that were elevated by LPS and partially restored by COS treatment, providing a metabolic signature for rapid evaluation of anti-inflammatory efficacy. These findings establish the integrated tape-based chip–metabolomics strategy as an accessible platform for screening anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds and highlight the potential of low-molecular-weight COS as anti-inflammatory agents.
{"title":"A tape-based intestinal chip co-culture model for assessing anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan oligosaccharides","authors":"Jiayi Yan,Xiuli Wu,Jingyan Gao,Wentao Su,Xiaomeng Ren,Fanhua Kong,Shuang Song","doi":"10.1039/d6an00749j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an00749j","url":null,"abstract":"Intestinal inflammation is a central pathological process in gastrointestinal diseases, yet conventional in vitro models poorly reproduce epithelial–immune interactions, and accessible platforms for rapid anti-inflammatory screening remain lacking. Here, a low-cost, high-throughput tape-based intestinal chip co-culturing Caco-2 epithelial cells and RAW264.7 macrophages under dynamic flow was applied to approximate the epithelial–macrophage interface of the intestinal wall and to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). Three COS fractions (COS1, COS2, COS3; 3.6, 2.7, and 0.8 kDa) prepared from Antarctic krill shell exhibited molecular weight-dependent transepithelial permeability, with COS3 showing the highest permeability. All COS fractions significantly suppressed LPS-induced NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation, macrophage morphological activation, and the production of NO, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, with the low-molecular-weight COS3 showing the strongest effects under equal-mass dosing. Targeted metabolomics identified four candidate marker metabolites (proline, asparagine, GTP, and α-ketoglutaric acid) that were elevated by LPS and partially restored by COS treatment, providing a metabolic signature for rapid evaluation of anti-inflammatory efficacy. These findings establish the integrated tape-based chip–metabolomics strategy as an accessible platform for screening anti-inflammatory bioactive compounds and highlight the potential of low-molecular-weight COS as anti-inflammatory agents.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The accurate detection of liver cancer-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) remains challenging due to their low abundance and high sequence homology. Herein, we report a colorimetric biosensor integrating Exo-III-assisted target recycling with a cyclization-functional DNAzyme walker for sensitive and highly specific miRNA detection. Notably, the assay incorporates two distinct miRNA recognition events: first, the target miRNA hybridizes with a stem-loop probe to trigger Exo-III-mediated cyclic cleavage; second, the released initiator strand activates the DNA walker on magnetic beads, where the miRNA must hybridize with a specific binding site on the tracker strand to reconstitute the split DNAzyme catalytic core. This dual-recognition mechanism dramatically enhances specificity, enabling the sensor to discriminate single- and double-nucleotide mismatches with high reliability. Coupled with Ag⁺-aptamer-mediated signal transduction, the platform produces a visible color change for naked-eye readout. With cascade amplification, the assay achieves a detection limit of 2.7 fM and a linear range of 5 fM to 100 pM. Successful spike-recovery tests in human serum (96.2–104.4%) suggest its potential for clinical application. This portable, visual colorimetric strategy offers a promising solution for early liver cancer screening.
{"title":"A Sensitive and Visual Colorimetric Biosensor for Liver Cancer‑Associated miRNA Using Exo‑III Assisted Target Recycling and a Cyclization‑Functional DNAzyme Walker","authors":"Guanchao Zhang,Lei Jia,Bing Xu","doi":"10.1039/d6an01082b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6an01082b","url":null,"abstract":"The accurate detection of liver cancer-associated microRNAs (miRNAs) remains challenging due to their low abundance and high sequence homology. Herein, we report a colorimetric biosensor integrating Exo-III-assisted target recycling with a cyclization-functional DNAzyme walker for sensitive and highly specific miRNA detection. Notably, the assay incorporates two distinct miRNA recognition events: first, the target miRNA hybridizes with a stem-loop probe to trigger Exo-III-mediated cyclic cleavage; second, the released initiator strand activates the DNA walker on magnetic beads, where the miRNA must hybridize with a specific binding site on the tracker strand to reconstitute the split DNAzyme catalytic core. This dual-recognition mechanism dramatically enhances specificity, enabling the sensor to discriminate single- and double-nucleotide mismatches with high reliability. Coupled with Ag⁺-aptamer-mediated signal transduction, the platform produces a visible color change for naked-eye readout. With cascade amplification, the assay achieves a detection limit of 2.7 fM and a linear range of 5 fM to 100 pM. Successful spike-recovery tests in human serum (96.2–104.4%) suggest its potential for clinical application. This portable, visual colorimetric strategy offers a promising solution for early liver cancer screening.","PeriodicalId":63,"journal":{"name":"Analyst","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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