Abstract The family Malvaceae includes about 243 genera and at least 4 225 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. They are widely varied and include several important crops, which are mainly used as sources of fibre, food and beverages, medicines, timber. The species of the family Malvaceae: annual, Malva crispa and Malva meluca, native to East Asia, and perennial, Sida hermaphrodita, from North America, grown in monoculture in the experimental land of the Botanical Garden (Institute), served as subjects of the research, and the traditional crop Medicago sativa was used as control. The importance of the studied species of the family Malvaceae consists in their very rapid emergence and fast growth. The analysis of the chemical composition suggested that the dry matter of the studied species, at the 1st mowing contained 15.67-21.67 % raw protein, 2.15-4.46 % raw fats, 8.35-11.53 % minerals and 34.74-40.66 % nitrogen free extract, Medicago sativa - 17.03 %, 2.30 %, 33.31 %, 8.01 % and 39.41 % respectively, making them good candidates for use as livestock feed and for biomethane production. The nutritive value of 100 kg fresh mass of the studied Malvaceae species was 14.9-16.6 nutritive units and 153-173 MJ metabolizable energy, a nutritive unit contained 154.2-191.0 g digestible protein with high concentrations of limiting amino acids, the control - 21 nutritive units, 228 MJ and 164.3 g digestible protein, respectively. The calculated capacity of biomethane production of the studied Malvaceae species can reach 231-267 l/kg organic matter, Medicago sativa - 248 l/kg organic matter. The theoretical ethanol yield from structural carbohydrates of the dry biomass of stalks averaged 437-527 L/t in Malvaceae species, as compared to 485 L/t in corn. The best results were achieved by Sida hermaphrodita, due to its high amount of structural carbohydrates. These species may serve as feed for livestock, but also as multi-purpose feedstock for biorefinery in Moldova.
{"title":"Introduction and Economical Value of Some Species of the Malvaceae Family in the Republic of Moldova","authors":"V. Țîței, A. Teleuță","doi":"10.2478/alife-2018-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The family Malvaceae includes about 243 genera and at least 4 225 species of herbs, shrubs and trees. They are widely varied and include several important crops, which are mainly used as sources of fibre, food and beverages, medicines, timber. The species of the family Malvaceae: annual, Malva crispa and Malva meluca, native to East Asia, and perennial, Sida hermaphrodita, from North America, grown in monoculture in the experimental land of the Botanical Garden (Institute), served as subjects of the research, and the traditional crop Medicago sativa was used as control. The importance of the studied species of the family Malvaceae consists in their very rapid emergence and fast growth. The analysis of the chemical composition suggested that the dry matter of the studied species, at the 1st mowing contained 15.67-21.67 % raw protein, 2.15-4.46 % raw fats, 8.35-11.53 % minerals and 34.74-40.66 % nitrogen free extract, Medicago sativa - 17.03 %, 2.30 %, 33.31 %, 8.01 % and 39.41 % respectively, making them good candidates for use as livestock feed and for biomethane production. The nutritive value of 100 kg fresh mass of the studied Malvaceae species was 14.9-16.6 nutritive units and 153-173 MJ metabolizable energy, a nutritive unit contained 154.2-191.0 g digestible protein with high concentrations of limiting amino acids, the control - 21 nutritive units, 228 MJ and 164.3 g digestible protein, respectively. The calculated capacity of biomethane production of the studied Malvaceae species can reach 231-267 l/kg organic matter, Medicago sativa - 248 l/kg organic matter. The theoretical ethanol yield from structural carbohydrates of the dry biomass of stalks averaged 437-527 L/t in Malvaceae species, as compared to 485 L/t in corn. The best results were achieved by Sida hermaphrodita, due to its high amount of structural carbohydrates. These species may serve as feed for livestock, but also as multi-purpose feedstock for biorefinery in Moldova.","PeriodicalId":6413,"journal":{"name":"“Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings","volume":"68 1","pages":"126 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82352890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the absorbtion degree of different nitrogen forms (ammonium, nitric, amidic) from soil into the plant by using nuclear techniques and 15N isotope as a tracer. In the same time, the effect of foliar fertilization on increasing the efficiency of nitrogen use by biostimulating the plant up-take was highlighted. Urea and ammonium nitrate labeled with 15N isotope (10% from total nitrogen content of the fertilizers being covered by 15N isotope) were incorporated in soil. In order to highlight the efficiency of foliar fertilization, fertilizers having NPK matrix with mezo and microelements and proteic organic compounds (animal and vegetal) were designed and obtained. The effects of experimental treatments on isotopic indicators (15N/14N isotopic rate, δ 15N isotopic accumulation degree, 15N isotope export, absorbtion degree of 15N isotope) from plant were assessed. The tested plant was maize (Cortes hybrid). The values obtained were statistically analyzed by using variance analyze, with two factors, Duncan test of multiple comparison, multiple comparison threshold α= 0.05. The results of agrochemical testing showed that the absorbtion degree of 15N isotope from soil into maize plant was highest for the amidic (N-NH2) form of the nitrogen comparing with the other forms (N-NO3, N-NH4).
{"title":"Assessing the Absorption Degree of the Nitrogen Forms from Soil into Plant Using the 15N Isotope as a Marker","authors":"D. Mihalache, C. Sîrbu, A. Grigore","doi":"10.2478/alife-2018-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0013","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The aim of the study was to assess the absorbtion degree of different nitrogen forms (ammonium, nitric, amidic) from soil into the plant by using nuclear techniques and 15N isotope as a tracer. In the same time, the effect of foliar fertilization on increasing the efficiency of nitrogen use by biostimulating the plant up-take was highlighted. Urea and ammonium nitrate labeled with 15N isotope (10% from total nitrogen content of the fertilizers being covered by 15N isotope) were incorporated in soil. In order to highlight the efficiency of foliar fertilization, fertilizers having NPK matrix with mezo and microelements and proteic organic compounds (animal and vegetal) were designed and obtained. The effects of experimental treatments on isotopic indicators (15N/14N isotopic rate, δ 15N isotopic accumulation degree, 15N isotope export, absorbtion degree of 15N isotope) from plant were assessed. The tested plant was maize (Cortes hybrid). The values obtained were statistically analyzed by using variance analyze, with two factors, Duncan test of multiple comparison, multiple comparison threshold α= 0.05. The results of agrochemical testing showed that the absorbtion degree of 15N isotope from soil into maize plant was highest for the amidic (N-NH2) form of the nitrogen comparing with the other forms (N-NO3, N-NH4).","PeriodicalId":6413,"journal":{"name":"“Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings","volume":"73 1","pages":"86 - 92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86913645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mihaela Ursan, O. Boiu-Sicuia, C. Voaides, V. Stan, Corina Bubueanu, C. Cornea
Abstract The excessive use of synthetic pesticides for plant pathogens control could cause possible harmful side-effects to humans and animals, environmental pollution, residual toxicity, affects soil characteristics or induce the development of fungal resistance. Alternative ways for fungal contamination control involve natural products, based on microorganisms, many of them being already available for use. The selection and characterization of new biological agents useful for plant pathogens control are permanent goals for plant protection researches. In the last decade, several studies revealed that Streptomyces species are promising biocontrol agents against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi, including Fusarium spp., one of the most important wheat pathogens. In our study, 60 strains of Streptomyces spp. were isolated from soil or compost and evaluated for in vitro antifungal abilities by dual confrontation method. At least 30% of the isolates presented inhibitory activity against F. culmorum and F. graminearum. The bacterial strains were also tested for their ability to produce various bioactive compounds, possible involved in fungal inhibition. The capacity of some of the bacterial isolates to produce cellulases, amylases, lipases and volatile metabolites was proved. In addition, a new screening method for chitinases production was developed, based on the use of a combination of Congo red and Lugol solutions, which allowed the detection of chitinases in several Streptomyces spp. strains. Moreover, the reduction of the level of some Fusarium mycotoxins was detected by HPTLC analysis. As a conclusion, antagonistic interactions between Streptomyces isolates and fusaria could involve antibiosis, competition and parasitism and suggested that at least some of the selected isolates could be used in obtaining biological control products.
{"title":"The Potential of New Streptomyces Isolates as Biocontrol Agents Against Fusarium Spp","authors":"Mihaela Ursan, O. Boiu-Sicuia, C. Voaides, V. Stan, Corina Bubueanu, C. Cornea","doi":"10.2478/alife-2018-0093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0093","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The excessive use of synthetic pesticides for plant pathogens control could cause possible harmful side-effects to humans and animals, environmental pollution, residual toxicity, affects soil characteristics or induce the development of fungal resistance. Alternative ways for fungal contamination control involve natural products, based on microorganisms, many of them being already available for use. The selection and characterization of new biological agents useful for plant pathogens control are permanent goals for plant protection researches. In the last decade, several studies revealed that Streptomyces species are promising biocontrol agents against a wide range of phytopathogenic fungi, including Fusarium spp., one of the most important wheat pathogens. In our study, 60 strains of Streptomyces spp. were isolated from soil or compost and evaluated for in vitro antifungal abilities by dual confrontation method. At least 30% of the isolates presented inhibitory activity against F. culmorum and F. graminearum. The bacterial strains were also tested for their ability to produce various bioactive compounds, possible involved in fungal inhibition. The capacity of some of the bacterial isolates to produce cellulases, amylases, lipases and volatile metabolites was proved. In addition, a new screening method for chitinases production was developed, based on the use of a combination of Congo red and Lugol solutions, which allowed the detection of chitinases in several Streptomyces spp. strains. Moreover, the reduction of the level of some Fusarium mycotoxins was detected by HPTLC analysis. As a conclusion, antagonistic interactions between Streptomyces isolates and fusaria could involve antibiosis, competition and parasitism and suggested that at least some of the selected isolates could be used in obtaining biological control products.","PeriodicalId":6413,"journal":{"name":"“Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings","volume":"18 1","pages":"594 - 600"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82605126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Starciuc, N. Osadci, I. Petcu, Nicolae Malancea, Xenia Bordos, Victor Ungureanu
Abstract The investigations were aimed to establish the comparative efficiency of four disinfectants (Aquadez, Ecocide S, Virocide and Na OH) used for the disinfection of cattle farm of State Agrarian University of Moldova. According to the classical methodology, the disinfectants have been used in concentrations which were recommended by the producers. Following this, lavages were collected from different supports and equipment of the cattle farm before sparing of the disinfectants and one hour after the contact of the disinfectants with the substrates. In this context samples were taken from places as the feeding space for animals and the rest area, cows’ milking rooms and the milk collection rooms. Afterwards, the samples have been inseminated in laboratory conditions for establishing the afterwards disinfecting effect on the farm. As a result, the microbiological investigation demonstrated that concentrations which were recommended by the producers and double concentrations of disinfectants don’t have satisfactory 100% of the anti-microbial and antifungal effect. For all disinfected places with the mentioned disinfectants colonies of microorganisms grew on nutrient media, especially bacterial forms as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and microscopic fungal. Following comparisons, Ecocide S 3% and Na OH 3% had a higher efficiency than Aquadez 3%. The after application effect of Aquadez 3% established the presence of Salmonella, E. coli colonies grown on nutrient media as well as, Streptococcus and microscopic fungal.
摘要本研究旨在探讨四种消毒剂(Aquadez、Ecocide S、Virocide和Na OH)在摩尔多瓦国立农业大学牛场的消毒效果。根据传统的方法，消毒剂的使用浓度是生产者建议的。随后，在保留消毒剂之前和消毒剂与基质接触后1小时，从牛场的不同支架和设备上收集洗液。在这种情况下，样本取自动物喂养空间和休息区，奶牛挤奶室和收集牛奶的房间。然后，在实验室条件下对样品进行人工授精，以确定农场的事后消毒效果。结果，微生物学调查表明，生产厂家推荐浓度和双浓度消毒剂不能达到100%的抑菌抑菌效果。在所有用上述消毒剂消毒的地方，微生物菌落在营养培养基上生长，特别是细菌形式，如链球菌、葡萄球菌和微观真菌。经过比较，Ecocide S 3%和naoh 3%的效率高于Aquadez 3%。3% Aquadez施用后的效果确定了在营养培养基上生长的沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌菌落以及链球菌和微生物真菌的存在。
{"title":"Comparative Efficiency of Various Disinfectants Used in the Cattle Farm","authors":"N. Starciuc, N. Osadci, I. Petcu, Nicolae Malancea, Xenia Bordos, Victor Ungureanu","doi":"10.2478/alife-2018-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0076","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The investigations were aimed to establish the comparative efficiency of four disinfectants (Aquadez, Ecocide S, Virocide and Na OH) used for the disinfection of cattle farm of State Agrarian University of Moldova. According to the classical methodology, the disinfectants have been used in concentrations which were recommended by the producers. Following this, lavages were collected from different supports and equipment of the cattle farm before sparing of the disinfectants and one hour after the contact of the disinfectants with the substrates. In this context samples were taken from places as the feeding space for animals and the rest area, cows’ milking rooms and the milk collection rooms. Afterwards, the samples have been inseminated in laboratory conditions for establishing the afterwards disinfecting effect on the farm. As a result, the microbiological investigation demonstrated that concentrations which were recommended by the producers and double concentrations of disinfectants don’t have satisfactory 100% of the anti-microbial and antifungal effect. For all disinfected places with the mentioned disinfectants colonies of microorganisms grew on nutrient media, especially bacterial forms as Streptococcus, Staphylococcus and microscopic fungal. Following comparisons, Ecocide S 3% and Na OH 3% had a higher efficiency than Aquadez 3%. The after application effect of Aquadez 3% established the presence of Salmonella, E. coli colonies grown on nutrient media as well as, Streptococcus and microscopic fungal.","PeriodicalId":6413,"journal":{"name":"“Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings","volume":"28 1","pages":"485 - 489"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89848629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract During the last years, in Romania and Bulgaria, an acceleration of existent disparities took place compared to the European Union countries as regards the occupational labor structures and an decreased evolution of the active population migration to other EU states. Starting from these considerations, the present paper shows an analysis of general and specific aspects of the labor market in the two neighbouring countries, starting from the general analysis, at national level, continuing with the regional analysis until the local analysis of the labor market, at cross border level. In Romania, in 2016, an employment rate of the population at work age (15-64 years old) was of 61.6%, to an active population of 8,979 thousand persons, of which 8,449 thousand employed persons and 530 thousand were unemployed. In Bulgaria, in 2016 the active population was of 3,264 thousand persons, respectively, 53.3%, of which 3,199.6 thousand employed persons and 64.4 thousand unemployed. The employment rate of the work was of 68.7%.. There are still signs that in the two countries the legislation complies to the realities and needs in practice.
{"title":"Aspects of Labor Market in Romania and Bulgaria in the Context of the Impementation of the Strategy Europa 2020. Comparative Study","authors":"D. Cretu, A. R. Iova","doi":"10.2478/alife-2018-0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0029","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the last years, in Romania and Bulgaria, an acceleration of existent disparities took place compared to the European Union countries as regards the occupational labor structures and an decreased evolution of the active population migration to other EU states. Starting from these considerations, the present paper shows an analysis of general and specific aspects of the labor market in the two neighbouring countries, starting from the general analysis, at national level, continuing with the regional analysis until the local analysis of the labor market, at cross border level. In Romania, in 2016, an employment rate of the population at work age (15-64 years old) was of 61.6%, to an active population of 8,979 thousand persons, of which 8,449 thousand employed persons and 530 thousand were unemployed. In Bulgaria, in 2016 the active population was of 3,264 thousand persons, respectively, 53.3%, of which 3,199.6 thousand employed persons and 64.4 thousand unemployed. The employment rate of the work was of 68.7%.. There are still signs that in the two countries the legislation complies to the realities and needs in practice.","PeriodicalId":6413,"journal":{"name":"“Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings","volume":"161 1","pages":"196 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80191872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Recent studies have shown that certain soil microorganisms are capable to sustain plant nutrition in both conventional and organic agriculture; however, yet further studies needed for evaluation of the factors affecting PGPR performance. The goal of this research was to evaluate performance of natural bacteria relative to nutrient uptake and biomass development in corn (Zea mays L.) as it is related to conventional production systems. Soils have been collected from forested areas of Lake Region. The isolated bacteria have been tested at the conventional farm in Mediterranean region. Nine isolated and one cocktailed bacteria suspensions have been applied to rhizosphere of corn plants under regular cultivation practices in conventional production systems. The results revealed that all isolates are showing either positive or negative effect on both plant performance and nutrient uptake. No statistical differences were observed on grain yield; however, Isolates 3 and 9 showed improved grain-excluded biomass performances by 37.1% and 38.5% respectively. Phosphorus, zinc and manganese uptakes were the highest in Isolate 6 whereas the highest Fe uptake was determined in Isolate 8 at the tuft formation stage. Although all isolates represent their specific individual performances as far as any plant nutrient uptakes are concerned, their cocktail was not as effective. That happened probably due to competition between the isolates.
{"title":"The Restriction of Individual Performance of PGPR on Maize Nutrient Uptake by Antagonistic Relations","authors":"Hakan Mutlu, A. Coşkan","doi":"10.2478/alife-2018-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recent studies have shown that certain soil microorganisms are capable to sustain plant nutrition in both conventional and organic agriculture; however, yet further studies needed for evaluation of the factors affecting PGPR performance. The goal of this research was to evaluate performance of natural bacteria relative to nutrient uptake and biomass development in corn (Zea mays L.) as it is related to conventional production systems. Soils have been collected from forested areas of Lake Region. The isolated bacteria have been tested at the conventional farm in Mediterranean region. Nine isolated and one cocktailed bacteria suspensions have been applied to rhizosphere of corn plants under regular cultivation practices in conventional production systems. The results revealed that all isolates are showing either positive or negative effect on both plant performance and nutrient uptake. No statistical differences were observed on grain yield; however, Isolates 3 and 9 showed improved grain-excluded biomass performances by 37.1% and 38.5% respectively. Phosphorus, zinc and manganese uptakes were the highest in Isolate 6 whereas the highest Fe uptake was determined in Isolate 8 at the tuft formation stage. Although all isolates represent their specific individual performances as far as any plant nutrient uptakes are concerned, their cocktail was not as effective. That happened probably due to competition between the isolates.","PeriodicalId":6413,"journal":{"name":"“Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings","volume":"82 1","pages":"100 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76772250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The autochthonous Feteasca neagra variety, cultivated in four wine regions of Romania, was comparatively assessed in order to characterize its quality potential in different terroirs. Among the variables of the terroir, the clone of Feteasca neagra is also a factor. Thus, in Murfatlar region we find either clone 9Mf or the massal selection, in Stefanesti clone 4VI is planted, while in Pietroasa and Bucharest clone 10Pt is cultivated. To assess the behaviour of the variety in different wine regions physico-chemical analyses of the grapes were performed, along with the determination of the uvological and phenolic maturity parameters. The results show a high variability, induced both by the cultivation conditions and the selected clone. Although the harvesting was done at approximately the same date, differences in all assessed parameters are found to be directly dependent on the clone, even in the case of the cultivation in the same region (Murfatlar), while the same clone (10Pt) shows a different behaviour when cultivated in separated regions (Pietroasa or Bucharest). The most important characteristics of the grapes are presented and discussed, with a special emphasis on the parameters related to phenolic maturity, which are the most important for the colour and aging potential of the wines. The other compositional parameters are discussed as well, as they also influence the wine’s balance. The favourability of the different regions for the cultivation of Feteasca neagra is assessed, taking into account the wine style which can be obtained from the raw materials, such as wines destined for aging or wines suitable for consumption while young
{"title":"Characterization of Quality Potential of Feteasca Neagra Grapes Cultivated in Different Romanian Wine Regions","authors":"A. Antoce, G. Cojocaru","doi":"10.2478/alife-2018-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0035","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The autochthonous Feteasca neagra variety, cultivated in four wine regions of Romania, was comparatively assessed in order to characterize its quality potential in different terroirs. Among the variables of the terroir, the clone of Feteasca neagra is also a factor. Thus, in Murfatlar region we find either clone 9Mf or the massal selection, in Stefanesti clone 4VI is planted, while in Pietroasa and Bucharest clone 10Pt is cultivated. To assess the behaviour of the variety in different wine regions physico-chemical analyses of the grapes were performed, along with the determination of the uvological and phenolic maturity parameters. The results show a high variability, induced both by the cultivation conditions and the selected clone. Although the harvesting was done at approximately the same date, differences in all assessed parameters are found to be directly dependent on the clone, even in the case of the cultivation in the same region (Murfatlar), while the same clone (10Pt) shows a different behaviour when cultivated in separated regions (Pietroasa or Bucharest). The most important characteristics of the grapes are presented and discussed, with a special emphasis on the parameters related to phenolic maturity, which are the most important for the colour and aging potential of the wines. The other compositional parameters are discussed as well, as they also influence the wine’s balance. The favourability of the different regions for the cultivation of Feteasca neagra is assessed, taking into account the wine style which can be obtained from the raw materials, such as wines destined for aging or wines suitable for consumption while young","PeriodicalId":6413,"journal":{"name":"“Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings","volume":"7 1","pages":"238 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77830186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The changes from Tax Code foresee that societies with fiscal value under one milion euro (to 500.000 euro till 31.12.2017) to be included in the micro-enterprises category and according to this provision owes to the state budget a 1% tax from fiscal value to 16% corporate tax. The paper presents benchmarking of this new fiscal measure applying above some retail and cash&cary societies from Romania to taxing profit in case this measure would be applied to all tipes of companies analysis based on a set of indicators (Absolute abnormality, growth index, turnover dynamics etc). The conclusions following the paper are: increase revenue collected to the state budget and simplifying the methods of determination to this tax but general apply to this measure could lead to infringement, encouraging layoffs, increasing unemployment, discouragement of investments, the impossibility of companies to recover in situations of crisis, discourage entry on market of new envestors, encouraging tax evasion, shortening economic chains.
{"title":"The Impact of Turnover Tax vs Taxing Profit to Retail and Cash&Cary Societies","authors":"P. Stoicea, T. A. Dinu, E. Stoian","doi":"10.2478/alife-2018-0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0033","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The changes from Tax Code foresee that societies with fiscal value under one milion euro (to 500.000 euro till 31.12.2017) to be included in the micro-enterprises category and according to this provision owes to the state budget a 1% tax from fiscal value to 16% corporate tax. The paper presents benchmarking of this new fiscal measure applying above some retail and cash&cary societies from Romania to taxing profit in case this measure would be applied to all tipes of companies analysis based on a set of indicators (Absolute abnormality, growth index, turnover dynamics etc). The conclusions following the paper are: increase revenue collected to the state budget and simplifying the methods of determination to this tax but general apply to this measure could lead to infringement, encouraging layoffs, increasing unemployment, discouragement of investments, the impossibility of companies to recover in situations of crisis, discourage entry on market of new envestors, encouraging tax evasion, shortening economic chains.","PeriodicalId":6413,"journal":{"name":"“Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings","volume":"14 1","pages":"223 - 231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78770780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Demirbaş, H. Durukan, Tolga Karakoy, Hesna Pamiralan, M. Gok, A. Coşkan
Abstract The present investigation aimed to understand the effects of dressing fertilizers and different nitrogen (N) doses on yield and nutrient uptake of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) plant. The study has been carried out with three repetitions under the greenhouse conditions. Nitrogen doses were; 0 kg N ha-1, 30 kg N ha-1, 60 kg N ha-1, 90 kg N ha-1 and 120 kg N ha-1 (in CaNO3.4H2O form) and dressing fertilizers were applied as 40 kg N ha-1. The results indicated that the dressing fertilizer application significantly increased average shoot dry weight with 8.18 g poƒ-1. Also, N (2.88 % N), P (0.40 % P), K (3.90 % K) and Fe (114.2 mg kg-1) concentrations increased with dressing fertilizer application of chickpea plant as compared to without dressing fertilizer application. However, dressing fertilizer application did not affect Mg, Zn, Mn and Cu concentrations of chickpea plant. Generally, in this study dressing fertilizer application increased yield and some macro and microelements concentrations of chickpea plant.
摘要本试验旨在了解追肥和不同施氮量对鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.)产量和养分吸收的影响。本研究在温室条件下进行了三次重复试验。氮剂量为;施用0 kg N ha-1、30 kg N ha-1、60 kg N ha-1、90 kg N ha-1和120 kg N ha-1(以CaNO3.4H2O形式)，追肥为40 kg N ha-1。结果表明，施用追肥显著提高了地上部平均干重(8.18 g poƒ-1)。鹰嘴豆追肥处理的N (2.88% N)、P (0.40% P)、K (3.90% K)和铁(114.2 mg kg-1)浓度均高于不追肥处理。施用追肥对鹰嘴豆植株Mg、Zn、Mn、Cu的浓度无显著影响。在本研究中，施用追肥总体上提高了鹰嘴豆植株的产量和一些宏微量元素的浓度。
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Abstract Waste water treatment plants are complex systems consisting of construction, hydro-mechanical, electrical, monitoring and automation equipment. Monitoring activities emphasize that the processes are dynamic; wastewater quality at the entering point of treatment plant varies in a wide range. Treatment technologies adopted must reduce major pollutants; that involves nitrification-denitrification processes and biological and chemical reduction of phosphorus through mechanical-chemical-biological treatment pathways. Increasing the activated sludge concentration in a wastewater treatment plant is an effective method by altering the process dynamics and by reducing the produced sludge volume. There are proposed and discussed in terms of technical and cost efficiency different technological wastewater treatment schemes. In Romania, wastewater treatment plants and sewage systems operating involve processes based on the new systems overrated, there is mandatory to diminish quantities in water supply systems and to exclude improperly working of wastewater pre-treatment stations. Those operations impose technological measures ensuring efficient functioning regardless the service conditions.
{"title":"Current Trends in Biological Wastewater Treatment","authors":"D. Drăcea, A. Tronac, Sebastian Mustata","doi":"10.2478/alife-2018-0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/alife-2018-0055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Waste water treatment plants are complex systems consisting of construction, hydro-mechanical, electrical, monitoring and automation equipment. Monitoring activities emphasize that the processes are dynamic; wastewater quality at the entering point of treatment plant varies in a wide range. Treatment technologies adopted must reduce major pollutants; that involves nitrification-denitrification processes and biological and chemical reduction of phosphorus through mechanical-chemical-biological treatment pathways. Increasing the activated sludge concentration in a wastewater treatment plant is an effective method by altering the process dynamics and by reducing the produced sludge volume. There are proposed and discussed in terms of technical and cost efficiency different technological wastewater treatment schemes. In Romania, wastewater treatment plants and sewage systems operating involve processes based on the new systems overrated, there is mandatory to diminish quantities in water supply systems and to exclude improperly working of wastewater pre-treatment stations. Those operations impose technological measures ensuring efficient functioning regardless the service conditions.","PeriodicalId":6413,"journal":{"name":"“Agriculture for Life, Life for Agriculture” Conference Proceedings","volume":"1 1","pages":"373 - 376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88745609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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