ACS Applied Nano Materials最新文献

All-inorganic tin-lead (Sn−Pb) mixed-halide perovskites hold great potential for highly sensitive and broadband photodetectors. However, the performance of Sn−Pb perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) remains limited by Sn²⁺ oxidation and abundant interfacial defects. Herein, d-isoascorbic acid (DAA), which is a cost-effective chiral isomer of l-ascorbic acid (LAA), is introduced as a multifunctional additive into the perovskite precursor to break through these limitations. Based on experimental characterizations and density functional (DFT) calculations, it is proposed that the unique C5-R chiral configuration can trigger a conformational rearrangement within the molecular backbone of DAA, which creates an optimized planar configuration for −OH, C−O−C, and CO groups to facilitate robust multi-site synergistic coordination with these uncoordinated Pb²⁺, Sn²⁺, and I⁻ ions. Benefiting from this stereochemical modulation, the DAA PPDs achieve a remarkably low dark current density of 6.72 × 10⁻⁹ A cm⁻², a high responsivity of 0.37 A W⁻¹, and a specific detectivity of 4.12 × 10¹² Jones. Furthermore, the Sn−Pb PPDs exhibit rapid response times (96/110 μs) and enhanced resistance to environmental conditions. Our work highlights the role of chiral configuration in defect passivation and guides the design of effective perovskite additives.

Multicomponent hollow nanoflowers have attracted considerable attention as microwave-absorbing (MA) materials, owing to their synergistically enhanced interfacial polarization and dielectric loss. Heterointerface engineering enabled by compositional regulation and rational architecture construction provides an efficient pathway for improving electromagnetic wave absorption properties. In this study, hollow MoC/NC nanoflowers were successfully fabricated through a soft-template strategy. The homogeneous incorporation of MoC nanoparticles into the carbon matrix generates abundant heterostructures, thereby markedly promoting interfacial polarization. By precisely controlling the pyrolysis temperature, a high density of lattice defects was introduced, thereby promoting dipole polarization and facilitating electromagnetic energy dissipation. The distinctive hollow flower-like structure further enhances electromagnetic wave absorption properties via multiple scattering processes and intensified interfacial polarization. Ultimately, The MoC/NC composites present exceptional electromagnetic wave absorption properties, accompanied by an ultralow minimum reflection loss (RL_min) of −69.53 dB at 1.88 mm and an effective bandwidth extending to 5.36 GHz. Furthermore, CST simulation results verify the material’s strong microwave dissipation ability in practical applications, with a maximum reduction of 37 dB·m². This work demonstrates the synergistic interplay between multicomponent composition and structural engineering in enhancing microwave absorption, thereby providing an effective strategy toward the development of advanced electromagnetic wave absorbing materials.

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts play a crucial role in efficient hydrogen production, yet commercial Pt/C catalysts remain limited by their high platinum loading, high cost, and insufficient durability caused by particle agglomeration and Pt loss during long-term operation. Here, we report a grain-boundary-rich CeO₂ nanorod-supported Pt catalyst with strong metal−support interaction (SMSI) for highly active and durable hydrogen evolution in acidic and alkaline media. Pt nanoparticles were anchored on CeO₂ nanorods rich in grain boundaries through a molten-salt-assisted strategy, forming stable Pt−O−Ce interfacial bonds. The constructed SMSI not only modulates the electronic structure of Pt but also accelerates reaction kinetics by promoting hydrogen spillover. As a result, the Pt−CeO₂-GB catalyst delivers excellent HER activity, requiring low overpotentials of only 15.9 mV and 27 mV to achieve 10 mA cm⁻² in 0.5 M H₂SO₄ and 1.0 M KOH, respectively, together with favorable long-term stability in both electrolytes. Mechanistic analysis reveals that the enhanced activity stems from an optimized Pt electronic structure and facilitated interfacial hydrogen spillover, while the improved durability is attributed to robust Pt−O−Ce bonding and strong anchoring of Pt nanoparticles on CeO₂-GBs. This work provides an effective strategy for designing low-Pt, cost-effective, and highly stable electrocatalysts for acidic and alkaline water electrolysis.

Despite the extensive and mature research on iridium (Ir) complexes for electro-to-light conversion, there is a striking imbalance in Ir-based optoelectronic materials for light-to-electricity conversion, particularly high-performance photodetectors, which have rarely been investigated. In this study, Ir nanoparticles (NPs) were loaded onto reduced graphene oxide (rGO), abbreviated as Ir NP/rGO, using commercial tris(2-(4,6-difluorophenyl)pyridine) iridium(III) and graphene oxide (GO) via hydrogen bonding interaction, followed by vacuum calcination, for the first time, for the construction of a photoelectrochemical (PEC)-type photodetector. The PEC result demonstrates that the as-obtained Ir NP/rGO-based PEC electrode shows the best PEC signal (e.g., current density and responsivity) at the smallest diameter of studied It NPs that were calcinated at the lowest temperature (600 °C). The current density and responsivity for the Ir NP/rGO-based PEC electrode in 0.5 M KOH can reach 34.7 μA cm⁻² and 294 μA W⁻¹, respectively, both of which are remarkably higher than those of emerging nanostructure-based PEC electrodes. Moreover, the Ir NP/rGO-based PEC electrode achieves competitive detectivity, comparable response/recovery time, as well as robust PEC stability. It is anticipated that Ir-based nanostructures can offer promising avenues for the rational design of high-efficiency, stable optoelectronic devices, including photodetectors, PEC sensors, and optoelectronic switches.

The rapid growth of hybrid electric vehicles and smart grids has intensified the demand for lithium−ion batteries (LIBs) with high energy densities and long cycle life, whereas the relatively low theoretical capacity of graphite limits further improvements in cell-level energy density. Transition metal oxides, particularly Fe₂O₃, suffer from poor electrical conductivity and severe volume variations during multielectron conversion reactions, severely hindering their practical application. Herein, a sequential strategy involving F127/TMB-directed mesoporous polydopamine sphere formation followed by CTAB-assisted Fe-species post-loading was developed to prepare a three-dimensional mesoporous carbon/Fe₂O₃ (MC-Fe₂O₃) composite anode. In this structure, Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles are anchored on the surface and within the accessible mesopores of an interconnected mesoporous carbon sphere framework. This architecture shortens Li⁺ diffusion pathways and helps buffer volume changes during cycling. As a result, the MC-Fe₂O₃ anode delivers a reversible capacity of 1175 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹ and 780.8 mAh g⁻¹ at 1.0 A g⁻¹, with good rate capability and long-term cycling stability. These results suggest that the surface-engineered 3D MC-Fe₂O₃ composite is a promising high-capacity anode material for LIBs.

Breast cancer remains a major global health concern, highlighting the need for advanced drug delivery strategies that can improve therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity. Although several reviews have discussed polymeric nanocarriers for breast cancer therapy, many have primarily focused on specific polymeric platforms, individual stimuli-responsive mechanisms, or conventional formulation strategies, with limited integration of emerging biomimetic and biologically inspired approaches and the most recent advances in the field. This review addresses this gap by providing a comprehensive and critical assessment of recent developments in polymeric nanocarriers for breast cancer drug delivery, with particular emphasis on pH-responsive and other stimuli-sensitive systems, chemical and surface modifications, advanced formulation strategies, and emerging polymer−lipid hybrid, biomimetic, and extracellular vesicle-inspired nanocarriers. The review further highlights how these approaches can improve drug loading, controlled release, tumor-specific accumulation, cellular uptake, and therapeutic efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. In addition, current challenges related to stability, reproducibility, scalability, safety, and clinical translation are critically discussed to identify key directions for future development. By integrating conventional polymeric strategies with emerging biomimetic and multifunctional platforms, this review provides a contemporary framework for understanding the evolution of polymeric nanocarriers and identifying opportunities for more precise and clinically translatable breast cancer therapy.

The development of highly sensitive and reliable sensing platforms for ovarian cancer biomarkers is of considerable importance for improving the early diagnostic performance and supporting clinical decision-making. Cancer antigen 125 (CA125) is among the most critical tumor markers for early detection and diagnosis. This study reports the synthesis and characterization of ferrocene-appended carbazole monomer and ferrocene-appended polycarbazole (PFC) using analytical techniques such as NMR, MALDI-MS, FTIR, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, UV−vis spectroscopy, TGA, and SEM. Carbazole was chosen for its superior conductivity, while ferrocene was integrated for its remarkable electroactivity. Subsequently, a blend of PFC and polycaprolactone (PCL) was electrospun onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), creating a reticulated PFC@PCL/GCE surface with enhanced electrochemical performance. CuAl-layered double hydroxide (CuAl-LDH) was synthesized and functionalized with amine (−NH₂) groups (CuAl@A) via functional organosilane, creating a highly effective immobilization matrix for anti-CA125. The structural and morphological properties of CuAl-LDH and CuAl@A were characterized with SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, and TGA. CuAl@A was drop-cast onto the reticulated electrode surface to create a suitable platform for immobilizing anti-CA125, resulting in a modified immunosensor (Ab-CA125/CuAl@A/PFC/GCE). Under the optimized conditions, the immunosensor exhibited high selectivity and sensitivity, enabling the detection of CA125 at low concentrations. The sensor demonstrated a broad linear detection range from 1.0 pg/mL to 100 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.62 pg/mL. The validation of the proposed electrochemical immunosensor system was performed with spike tests and a reference method (ELISA), both of which demonstrated high accuracy. This label-free electrochemical immunosensor represents a promising platform for the clinical detection of tumor markers, offering a simple, reliable, and highly sensitive approach for CA125 quantification.

Most inorganic drug carriers are difficult to degrade, which limits their use in vivo. Here, PVP-framed Ag/AgBr nanocubes act as both the photosensitizer and the drug reservoir, so that a single light exposure generates reactive oxygen species and releases doxorubicin (DOX) from the same particle. FT-IR of the washed formulation identifies the loaded drug through bands at 1732, 1582 and 1286 cm⁻¹, and the surface potential is unchanged on loading (−22.7 to −22.5 mV in water), placing the drug at or within the PVP layer rather than adsorbed electrostatically. Under irradiation the nanocubes generate ·OH and ¹O₂, the AgBr converts to Ag; lattice-resolved imaging of the irradiated material reveals Ag(111) at 0.239 nm in one grain and unconverted AgBr in another, while the polymer framework retains its cubic outline, and the DOX fluorescence of the release medium rises over 15 min. In HeLa cells the irradiated formulation reduced viability to 30.3 ± 5.5% of the untreated control at 100 μg mL⁻¹, whereas in the dark viability remained between 86% and 98%. In a HeLa xenograft the irradiated DOX-loaded group was the only one whose mean tumor volume fell below its starting value (−50.2 ± 14.8% on day 12) and it differed from the irradiated carrier alone (Tukey-adjusted p = 0.041). Light therefore gates both arms of the treatment within a single material. Quantitative synergy, a validated DOX-equivalent dose and normal-cell safety remain to be established.

Palladium is an attractive but underdeveloped ultraviolet SERS material whose enhancement is strongly coupled to the surface chemistry. We introduce a lipid-confined, dry-state thermal reduction route that converts a drop-cast Na₂PdCl₄/DOPC precursor on Si into a tunable Pd nanocluster layer, in which DOPC acts as an active determinant of nanocluster formation. Transmission electron microscopy resolves discrete Pd nanoclusters of mean diameter 1.9 ± 0.5 nm in the residual lipid, and spectroscopic ellipsometry shows a near-UV plasmonic response that overlaps the 325 nm excitation line. Raman analysis of Pd−Cl vibrations identifies a narrow processing regime in which metallic Pd dominates. Under 325 nm excitation, the adenine UV-SERS response is strongest on substrates prepared at 100 °C, where enhancement factors reach 10² to 10³ and the limit of detection for the diagnostic band is 29 μM; at higher preparation temperatures, the response falls as the nanoclusters coalesce and their plasmon resonance shifts away from the excitation wavelength. The substrates expose low-frequency markers of chemical bonding: a Pd−N stretch at 251 cm⁻¹ for adenine and Pd−S markers at 342−356 cm⁻¹ for sulfur-containing adsorbates. Density functional theory assigns the adenine spectrum to the N7H tautomer chemisorbed through its N3/N9 ring nitrogens, reproducing the 251 cm⁻¹ Pd−N marker. A wavelength-dependent comparison indicates a substantial electromagnetic contribution, while the DFT-predicted order-of-magnitude Raman increase for the key adenine mode identifies a limited chemical enhancement.

MXene has attracted considerable attention for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to its superior electrical conductivity. However, its practical application is hindered by inherent limitations, including susceptibility to oxidation, disordered stacking, and mechanical brittleness. Herein, we report a layered EMI composite (P-MXene@LMPA) fabricated via an interfacial modification strategy, followed by hot-pressing densification. This approach employs sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) as a dual-function antioxidant and a “molecular bridge”, which effectively inhibits MXene oxidation during processing while enhancing surface wettability. Consequently, the infiltration of a low-melting-point alloy (LMPA) into MXene interlayers is facilitated during hot pressing, establishing a unique “MXene−molecular bridge−LMPA” continuous conductive network. Attributed to this dense layered architecture and synergistic interfacial effects, the composite demonstrates superior electromagnetic shielding performance. The synergistic combination of rigid MXene and ductile LMPA phases significantly enhanced the mechanical properties, yielding a compressive strength of approximately 65.78 MPa. It presents an effective strategy to mitigate the instability and brittleness of MXene, offering a promising solution for high-performance EMI shielding in advanced electronics and packaging.