Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials最新文献

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are attractive for lightweight structural energy-storage systems because of their high theoretical energy density, but their integration into non-planar components is hindered by sulfur-cathode cracking, interfacial delamination, and contact loss under retained curvature and external loading. Here, we report a monolithically integrated NiCo₂Se₄ nanowire/carbon-cloth cathode scaffold (NCSe@CC) for curvature-retained Li–S pouch-cell integration. Direct growth and selenization of Ni–Co precursor nanowires on woven carbon cloth produce a binder-free, interconnected polar host that combines polysulfide-affinitive NiCo₂Se₄ surfaces with continuous electron-transport pathways along the carbon-fiber network. Compared with sulfur-loaded carbon cloth and precursor-coated carbon cloth, S/NCSe@CC exhibits enhanced polysulfide adsorption, reduced charge-transfer resistance, accelerated sulfur-redox kinetics, and improved electrochemical performance, delivering 1,544 mAh g^− 1 at 0.1 C with a polarization of 0.13 V. The cathode scaffold retains nanowire–fiber integration after 1,000 curvature-conditioning cycles at a radius of 2.5 mm, and pouch cells assembled with conditioned electrodes show discharge behavior comparable to pristine cells. Under cylindrical curvature, the pouch cell retains 94.0% of its flat-state capacity. Integration into cylindrical, oval, square, and drone-leg geometries further verifies electrical operability after geometric insertion and fixation. This work presents a materials-to-architecture strategy for interface-stable Li–S cathode scaffolds in non-planar structural energy-storage components.

Odor emissions from livestock and poultry farms have become an urgent environmental challenge and a scientific concern. Indole is one of the predominant malodorous compounds responsible for this issue. To explore effective deodorization strategies, indole was selected as a model pollutant for investigating the construction of heterojunction photocatalysts and their degradation mechanisms. Herein, this study developed an S‑scheme heterojunction photocatalyst LaFe_0.5Ni_0.5O₃/g-C₃N₄ (LFN/CN). Under visible‑light conditions without oxidants, the optimally proportioned catalyst 15LFN/CN (15% LFN by weight) exhibited a rate constant of 5.99 × 10^− 2 min^− 1. Its degradation rate constant for indole was 78.8 times that of pristine LFN and 5.24 times that of CN, respectively. Moreover, the catalyst achieved efficient degradation in the pH range of 3–11, with removal rates of 97.79%-100% at pH 9–11. It maintained excellent degradation performance in complex aqueous matrices (interfering ions/organics) and under natural light irradiation. Removal rates of 96.28%-100% were achieved for pollutants such as 3‑methylindole, estrogens, and antibiotics. Moreover, over 90% indole removal efficiency was achieved in three real dairy farm wastewater samples. LC‑MS analysis combined with toxicity assessment elucidated the degradation pathway of indole and its environmental safety. Critically, the accurate identification of the charge‑transfer mechanism in the material serves as the theoretical foundation for understanding the excellent activity of this heterojunction, and this identification heavily relies on spatiotemporally resolved characterization techniques. Accordingly, for the 15LFN/CN catalyst, direct and multidimensional experimental evidence for the S‑scheme pathway was provided: In situ irradiated X‑ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the electron migration pathway; Kelvin probe force microscopy demonstrated the highest surface potential variation (169.34 mV); and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy resolved an interfacial electron‑transfer lifetime of 164.39 ps and an extended charge‑recombination lifetime of 5.59 ns. These findings establish a reliable methodology for validating the S‑scheme mechanism and offer new insights for the efficient removal of typical odorous compounds in actual livestock wastewater.

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With the continued development of emerging technologies and devices such as flexible electronics, wearable systems, and electronic skins, multimodal intelligent sensors have become a key technological foundation for continuous health monitoring, human − machine interaction, and intelligent robotics. Compared with single-modal devices, multimodal intelligent sensors can simultaneously acquire multidimensional information, including mechanical, thermal, humidity, gaseous, and biochemical signals. However, their performance remains constrained by overlapping material response windows, signal crosstalk caused by structural coupling, and the difficulty of decoding complex datasets. Herein, recent progress toward high-performance multimodal intelligent sensors is summarized, discussed, and evaluated through a structured narrative-review framework centered on advanced material design, perception-decoupling strategies, artificial intelligence-driven data analysis, and system deployment. First, the major transduction pathways for pressure, strain, temperature, humidity, gas, and biochemical signals are outlined, and the design principles of sensor devices based on hydrogels, carbon-based and two-dimensional composites, Janus heterogeneous structures, and biomimetic textiles are summarized, together with their advantages in flexibility, conductivity, interfacial regulation, and multifunctional integration. Next, key decoupling strategies are discussed in depth, including structural spatial decoupling, orthogonal responses of functional materials, microstructure and interface engineering, the construction of independent signal channels, and feature-representation-based assisted unmixing, thereby clarifying the major routes toward low-crosstalk and high-fidelity perception under concurrent multi-stimulus conditions. Furthermore, this review examines the role of data-driven models in multimodal signal recognition, fusion-based decision-making, and scenario understanding. By linking these advances with applications in wearable health monitoring, electronic skins, and human–machine interaction, this review highlights the evolution of multimodal systems from device-level sensing toward system-level cognition. Finally, the major bottlenecks in the current field are identified, including material stability, decoupling capability, sensing accuracy, long-term reliability, system integration, and scalable manufacturing, and future perspectives are provided for next-generation multimodal sensing platforms featuring high selectivity, self-powering capability, manufacturability, interpretability, and edge-intelligence-enabled collaboration. This review aims to provide a cross-layer analytical framework and practical design guidelines for material selection, structural engineering, algorithm configuration, and system-level applications of high-performance multimodal intelligent sensors.

Cancer therapy remains constrained by insufficient molecular specificity, intratumoral heterogeneity, and the emergence of therapeutic resistance that limit durable clinical responses. CRISPR Cas9 genome editing offers an unprecedented opportunity to directly reprogram oncogenic drivers, tumor suppressor pathways, and regulatory noncoding elements with nucleotide level precision. Nevertheless, its clinical translation is fundamentally restricted by inefficient tumor selective delivery, limited intracellular trafficking, and concerns surrounding off target genome modification. Aptamers have emerged as highly adaptable targeting ligands capable of addressing these barriers through selective recognition of tumor associated surface receptors, minimal immunogenicity, and favorable physicochemical properties that support deep tissue penetration. Structure guided molecular docking has enabled rational optimization of aptamer receptor interactions, facilitating improved binding energetics and target discrimination prior to experimental implementation. In parallel, elucidation of receptor mediated endocytosis pathways and endosomal escape mechanisms has advanced understanding of how aptamer functionalization enhances intracellular transport and nuclear access of CRISPR components. Recent progress in nanotechnology has further expanded delivery strategies through lipid nanoparticles, polymeric and inorganic carriers, extracellular vesicles, and hybrid viral–nonviral platforms engineered with refined PEG architectures and linker chemistries to enhance stability and controlled release. Integration of these approaches enables spatiotemporally controlled genome editing within complex tumor microenvironments and mitigates biological obstacles such as tumor-associated extracellular matrix–mediated resistance and systemic degradation of gene editing cargos. This review highlights recent integrated advancements in aptamer engineering, structure-guided molecular docking, understanding of intracellular trafficking and endosomal escape mechanisms, and nanocarrier design. Collectively, these developments position aptamer-guided CRISPR-Cas9 systems as a promising strategy to improve tumor-specific delivery and genome editing precision in cancer therapy. However, substantial challenges remain regarding in vivo stability, manufacturing scalability, off-target effects, and rigorous preclinical and clinical validation before broad clinical translation can be realized.

Periprosthetic joint infection remains a major challenge for artificial joint materials, highlighting the need for antibacterial and anti-adhesive ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) surfaces. Here, a hydrated hyaluronic acid (HA)/Pluronic F127 biointerface was constructed on epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-loaded UHMWPE to couple polyphenol release modulation with active–passive antibacterial protection. The HA/F127 layer contributed to enhancing the outward migration of EGCG from the UHMWPE matrix. Compared with uncoated EGCG/UHMWPE, this hydrated interface increased the 24 h cumulative EGCG release by 52%, with micro-FTIR depth profiling revealing surface-biased residual EGCG redistribution rather than broad matrix depletion. This release-modulating interface enhanced antibacterial activity, achieving inhibition ratios of 95% against Staphylococcus aureus and 91% against Escherichia coli. By reducing protein adsorption and bacterial retention, the hydrated HA/F127 surface further provided passive anti-adhesive protection complementary to EGCG-mediated bacterial inhibition. The modified surface maintained good cytocompatibility and exhibited a short-term boundary-lubrication effect. Overall, this work presents an active-release/passive-antifouling biointerface strategy to address infection-related challenges of UHMWPE-based biomaterials.

Graphical abstract

A hydrated HA/F127 biointerface was constructed on EGCG-loaded UHMWPE through stepwise interfacial immobilization. The polymeric interface modulates EGCG release while reducing bacterial/protein adhesion, thereby coupling EGCG-mediated active antibacterial activity with passive anti-adhesion and boundary lubrication for infection-resistant UHMWPE joint materials.

Short-fiber thermoplastic biocomposites combine the ease of processing of thermoplastics with the improved end-of-life options provided by bioderived or biodegradable matrices and natural fibers. However, their performance is often limited by low fiber–matrix interfacial shear strength ((:{tau:}_{y})), which is commonly assessed through pull-out tests. The assumptions underlying this method, along with the need to avoid fiber breakage, require samples with very small, embedded fiber lengths, often prepared without applying pressure. Because pressure is inherently involved in thermoplastic (bio)composite processing, this may lead to a discrepancy between measured and processing-relevant (::{tau:}_{y})values, thus limiting the understanding and optimization of composite performance. Here, we investigate the pressure dependence of (:{tau:}_{y}) between poly(lactic acid) and hemp fiber bundles/technical fibers. The combination of pull-out tests on samples prepared at different pressures and micromechanical modeling using the Bowyer–Bader model showed that (:{tau:}_{y}) increases significantly with pressure, rising from ~ 5.50 MPa at ~ 0.5 bar to ~ 15.68 MPa at ~ 43 bar, with Bowyer–Bader estimates at ~ 200 bar remaining in the same order of magnitude. This behavior is attributed to pressure-induced conformity of the matrix to the surface topography of hemp fiber bundles, which increases the effective fiber–matrix contact area not accounted for in standard pull-out analysis. Overall, our findings (i) raise concerns about the reliability of (:{tau:}_{y}) values obtained from pressure-uncontrolled pull-out tests, (ii) highlight the crucial role of processing pressure in the manufacturing of thermoplastic biocomposites, and (iii) show that pressure affects the critical fiber length governing effective reinforcement.