Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2026.105191
Zongli Chen, Chenzhe Li, Ying Zhao
Estimating the tortuosity of porous electrodes is important for understanding the performance of lithium-ion batteries and optimizing the design of electrode microstructures. In this work, an improved method for estimating the tortuosity of porous electrodes is proposed based on radical tessellation, and the results agree well with those calculated by empirical formulas and finite element simulations. Compared with empirical formulas, the proposed method can estimate tortuosity for more complicated microstructures, regardless of particle distribution and size dispersity; compared with finite element simulations, the proposed method offers a significant advantage in computational efficiency. Based on the method, the influence of different microstructure characters on the tortuosity is discussed. It is found that in addition to the porosity, the particle size and particle aggregation morphology are all critical in influencing the tortuosity of the porous electrode. Finally, the tortuosity obtained by this method is integrated into the Pseudo-2-dimension (P2D) model for the calculation of effective properties, and the results show that this method offers an efficient way in improving the prediction accuracy of P2D models.
{"title":"Evaluation of tortuosity: A radical tessellation-based method in porous spherical particle packing systems","authors":"Zongli Chen, Chenzhe Li, Ying Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating the tortuosity of porous electrodes is important for understanding the performance of lithium-ion batteries and optimizing the design of electrode microstructures. In this work, an improved method for estimating the tortuosity of porous electrodes is proposed based on radical tessellation, and the results agree well with those calculated by empirical formulas and finite element simulations. Compared with empirical formulas, the proposed method can estimate tortuosity for more complicated microstructures, regardless of particle distribution and size dispersity; compared with finite element simulations, the proposed method offers a significant advantage in computational efficiency. Based on the method, the influence of different microstructure characters on the tortuosity is discussed. It is found that in addition to the porosity, the particle size and particle aggregation morphology are all critical in influencing the tortuosity of the porous electrode. Finally, the tortuosity obtained by this method is integrated into the Pseudo-2-dimension (P2D) model for the calculation of effective properties, and the results show that this method offers an efficient way in improving the prediction accuracy of P2D models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 105191"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147403170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2026.105192
Khushboo Birra , Shraddha C. Shirbhate , Pranay R. Kautkar , Samir M. Khule , Sanjay B. Nagdeote , K. Pushpanjali Patra , Vishwajit M. Gaikwad
Zinc ferrite based (1-x)ZnFe2O4(ZFO)-xNiO(NO) (x = 0–40%) composites are synthesized via solid state sintering method. Structural studies reveal the lattice parameters of composites are significantly influenced by the interfacial strain induced at the interfaces of composites. Internal atomic surroundings of both ZFO and NO unit cells are getting modified by composite formation. FTIR spectra indicate structural stability without any structural modulation after the inclusion of NO phase into ZFO matrix. The homogeneous distribution of ZFO and NO grains with significant grain connectivity is noticed for all composite samples. Room temperature dielectric studies indicate the enhancement of dielectric constant and improvement in dielectric loss with the incorporation of NO phase into ZFO matrix. The low frequency dielectric constant values of composites follow effective medium approximation (EMA) model. The interfaces between ZFO and NO phases create conductive interfaces that are accountable for overall enhancement in electrical properties of composites.
{"title":"Design and investigation on structural, dielectric and electrical features of novel ferrite based particulate composites","authors":"Khushboo Birra , Shraddha C. Shirbhate , Pranay R. Kautkar , Samir M. Khule , Sanjay B. Nagdeote , K. Pushpanjali Patra , Vishwajit M. Gaikwad","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc ferrite based (1-<em>x</em>)ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>(ZFO)-<em>x</em>NiO(NO) (<em>x</em> = 0–40%) composites are synthesized via solid state sintering method. Structural studies reveal the lattice parameters of composites are significantly influenced by the interfacial strain induced at the interfaces of composites. Internal atomic surroundings of both ZFO and NO unit cells are getting modified by composite formation. FTIR spectra indicate structural stability without any structural modulation after the inclusion of NO phase into ZFO matrix. The homogeneous distribution of ZFO and NO grains with significant grain connectivity is noticed for all composite samples. Room temperature dielectric studies indicate the enhancement of dielectric constant and improvement in dielectric loss with the incorporation of NO phase into ZFO matrix. The low frequency dielectric constant values of composites follow effective medium approximation (EMA) model. The interfaces between ZFO and NO phases create conductive interfaces that are accountable for overall enhancement in electrical properties of composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 3","pages":"Article 105192"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study investigated the fragmentation of glass particles in binary mixtures with alumina, steel, and lead during attrition milling. The fragmentation kinetics, particle size distributions, and fragment morphologies were evaluated experimentally, and kinetic parameters were extracted using a population balance model. Discrete element method simulations clarified the dynamic interactions governing the material-dependent fragmentation. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of the counterpart materials strongly affected the collision intensity and fragment morphology. Alumina induces frequent high-energy collisions and efficient size reduction, producing irregular angular fragments. When lead was used, glass exhibited minimal fragmentation because the collision energy dissipated through plastic deformation during prolonged contact. Steel exhibited moderate fragmentation and generates fragments with low aspect ratios and high circularities suitable for recycling applications. The integration of experiments and simulations elucidated selective comminution mechanisms in heterogeneous systems and demonstrated that fragmentation efficiency and particle morphology can be tuned by the choice of counterpart material.
{"title":"Effect of counterpart material on glass particle morphology in binary component attrition milling evaluated by experiment and DEM simulation","authors":"Chiharu Tokoro , Yuki Murata , Yutaro Takaya , Hidehiro Kamiya , Kohei Komori , O Shourin","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105150","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105150","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the fragmentation of glass particles in binary mixtures with alumina, steel, and lead during attrition milling. The fragmentation kinetics, particle size distributions, and fragment morphologies were evaluated experimentally, and kinetic parameters were extracted using a population balance model. Discrete element method simulations clarified the dynamic interactions governing the material-dependent fragmentation. The results indicated that the mechanical properties of the counterpart materials strongly affected the collision intensity and fragment morphology. Alumina induces frequent high-energy collisions and efficient size reduction, producing irregular angular fragments. When lead was used, glass exhibited minimal fragmentation because the collision energy dissipated through plastic deformation during prolonged contact. Steel exhibited moderate fragmentation and generates fragments with low aspect ratios and high circularities suitable for recycling applications. The integration of experiments and simulations elucidated selective comminution mechanisms in heterogeneous systems and demonstrated that fragmentation efficiency and particle morphology can be tuned by the choice of counterpart material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105150"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2026.105173
Noor Zamin Khan , Zhe Qin , Sayed Ali Khan , Anqi Lin , Zhuan Zhao , Muhammad Amin Padhiar , Zakir Ullah , Sonehra Anjum , Shimao Wang , Gang Meng
In this study, double perovskite oxide phosphors were subjected to 14 MeV neutron irradiation with a total fluence of 1 × 1013n/cm2 to evaluate their performance for space applications. A detailed investigation of photoluminescence (PL), crystal structure, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and surface morphology for pre- and post-exposure to neutron irradiation. The PL results demonstrated that neutron-irradiated samples exhibit a significantly higher luminescence intensity compared to their non-irradiated counterparts. Notably, the sample with an doping concentration showed over 15% increase in luminescence intensity for the orange-red emission, peaking at 603 nm under 407 nm excitation, following irradiation. This observation challenges the conventional belief that high-energy radiation invariably degrades optical properties. Our results reveal that neutron irradiation induces beneficial defects, such as oxygen vacancies and lattice distortions, which effectively suppress non-radiative recombination and enhance emission. Furthermore, the samples exhibit remarkable durability under neutron irradiation. The optical and structural characteristics indicate that -doped is a promising orange-red phosphorescent material for applications in harsh radiative environments.
{"title":"Neutron irradiation-enhanced orange-red emission in double perovskite phosphors for harsh radiation environments","authors":"Noor Zamin Khan , Zhe Qin , Sayed Ali Khan , Anqi Lin , Zhuan Zhao , Muhammad Amin Padhiar , Zakir Ullah , Sonehra Anjum , Shimao Wang , Gang Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, double perovskite <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>L</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>T</mi><mi>a</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mo>:</mo><msup><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> oxide phosphors were subjected to 14 MeV neutron irradiation with a total fluence of 1 × 10<sup>13</sup>n/cm<sup>2</sup> to evaluate their performance for space applications. A detailed investigation of photoluminescence (PL), crystal structure, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and surface morphology for pre- and post-exposure to neutron irradiation. The PL results demonstrated that neutron-irradiated samples exhibit a significantly higher luminescence intensity compared to their non-irradiated counterparts. Notably, the sample with an <span><math><mrow><mn>0.05</mn><msup><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> doping concentration showed over 15% increase in luminescence intensity for the orange-red emission, peaking at 603 nm under 407 nm excitation, following irradiation. This observation challenges the conventional belief that high-energy radiation invariably degrades optical properties. Our results reveal that neutron irradiation induces beneficial defects, such as oxygen vacancies and lattice distortions, which effectively suppress non-radiative recombination and enhance <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> emission. Furthermore, the <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>L</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>T</mi><mi>a</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>6</mn></msub><mo>:</mo><msup><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span> samples exhibit remarkable durability under neutron irradiation. The optical and structural characteristics indicate that <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math></span>-doped <span><math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>a</mi></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>L</mi><mi>u</mi><mi>T</mi><mi>a</mi><msub><mi>O</mi><mn>6</mn></msub></mrow></math></span> is a promising orange-red phosphorescent material for applications in harsh radiative environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2026.105185
K. Sutharthani, S.S. Pradeepa, R. Suba Devi, M. Sivakumar
Electrochemical attributes of transition metal oxide hybrids are an active domain of research for energy storage applications. This study strives to explore the plausible performance of V2O5/CeO2 nanocomposite in supercapacitor applications and their anode capabilities in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Egg albumin is tapped as a bioreactor solvent for CeO2 synthesis. Microstructural analysis confirmed the successful integration of CeO2 into the V2O5 matrix, exhibiting a BET surface area of 32 m2 g−1 and excellent elemental homogeneity. Owing to their intriguing redox properties, the conjunction of V5+ and Ce4+ redox duos refines the diffusivity, thereby resulting in optimum performance in both applications. The discharge capacity of the V2O5/CeO2 nanocomposite was quantified as 1146.57 mAh g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. After 100 cycles at 1 A g−1, it retained 235.76 mAh g−1, exhibiting an 82.8 % capacity retention. As a supercapacitor electrode, it demonstrated a specific capacitance of 1173.05 F g−1 at 1 A g−1. The cyclic stability of the nanocomposite was verified over 5000 cycles with capacity retention of 97.4 %. The cumulative dissection of the V2O5/CeO2 nanocomposite showcased its strong potential in electrochemical applications.
过渡金属氧化物杂化材料的电化学性质是储能领域研究的热点。本研究旨在探索V2O5/CeO2纳米复合材料在超级电容器中的合理性能及其在锂离子电池(LIBs)中的负极性能。利用鸡蛋白蛋白作为生物反应器溶剂进行CeO2合成。显微结构分析证实CeO2成功地整合到V2O5基体中,表现出32 m2 g−1的BET表面积和良好的元素均匀性。由于其有趣的氧化还原特性,V5+和Ce4+氧化还原基团的结合改善了扩散率,从而在两种应用中都获得了最佳性能。在0.1 a g−1电流密度下,V2O5/CeO2纳米复合材料的放电容量为1146.57 mAh g−1。在1 A g−1下循环100次后,它保留了235.76 mAh g−1,容量保留率为82.8%。作为超级电容器电极,它在1ag−1时的比电容为1173.05 F g−1。经过5000次循环验证,纳米复合材料的容量保持率为97.4%。V2O5/CeO2纳米复合材料的累积解剖表明其具有很强的电化学应用潜力。
{"title":"Dual role of redox-active V2O5/CeO2 nanocomposite electrodes in high-performance supercapacitor and battery applications","authors":"K. Sutharthani, S.S. Pradeepa, R. Suba Devi, M. Sivakumar","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrochemical attributes of transition metal oxide hybrids are an active domain of research for energy storage applications. This study strives to explore the plausible performance of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite in supercapacitor applications and their anode capabilities in Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Egg albumin is tapped as a bioreactor solvent for CeO<sub>2</sub> synthesis. Microstructural analysis confirmed the successful integration of CeO<sub>2</sub> into the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> matrix, exhibiting a BET surface area of 32 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup> and excellent elemental homogeneity. Owing to their intriguing redox properties, the conjunction of V<sup>5+</sup> and Ce<sup>4+</sup> redox duos refines the diffusivity, thereby resulting in optimum performance in both applications. The discharge capacity of the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite was quantified as 1146.57 mAh g<sup>−1</sup> at a current density of 0.1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. After 100 cycles at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, it retained 235.76 mAh g<sup>−1</sup>, exhibiting an 82.8 % capacity retention. As a supercapacitor electrode, it demonstrated a specific capacitance of 1173.05 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The cyclic stability of the nanocomposite was verified over 5000 cycles with capacity retention of 97.4 %. The cumulative dissection of the V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/CeO<sub>2</sub> nanocomposite showcased its strong potential in electrochemical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-19DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2026.105178
Jianhui Liu , Hang Zhou , Jiale Chen , Ying Ma , Shuangxi Shao , Honglei Zhang , Xiang Luo , Kaiqi Shi , Chongjiang Cao , Jesse Zhu , Dechun Huang
High-dose inhaled therapy offers a promising approach for respiratory infections, requiring efficient particle engineering. While fine particles from the milling process improved lung deposition, their poor flowability and high cohesion posed significant challenges for handling and dosing. In this study, a novel eccentric-pelletisation machine was developed to transform purely fine rifampicin powders into spherical agglomerates, significantly improving their flowability, dispersibility, and handling properties. Key manufacturing parameters − including relative humidity (60–70%), eccentric speed (240 rpm), eccentric time (20 min), and sieve size (400 µm) − were systematically optimized using an L9(34) orthogonal design. The optimized rifampicin agglomerates exhibited favorable properties, including bulk density (∼0.35 g/cm3), flow rate (∼0.59 g/s), roundness (∼0.92), yield (∼89.68%), and fine particle fraction/mass (>55%/5 mg), ensuring efficient high-dose delivery. Furthermore, the optimized agglomerates from three batches demonstrated excellent reproducibility of aerodynamic and physical properties. This study highlights the potential of the eccentric-pellestisation machine as a robust and scalable platform for producing inhalable rifampicin formulations, providing a foundation for industrial production and clinical applications for respiratory infections.
{"title":"Novel eccentric-pelletisation for rifampicin agglomerates: Process optimization and high-dose pulmonary delivery","authors":"Jianhui Liu , Hang Zhou , Jiale Chen , Ying Ma , Shuangxi Shao , Honglei Zhang , Xiang Luo , Kaiqi Shi , Chongjiang Cao , Jesse Zhu , Dechun Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-dose inhaled therapy offers a promising approach for respiratory infections, requiring efficient particle engineering. While fine particles from the milling process improved lung deposition, their poor flowability and high cohesion posed significant challenges for handling and dosing. In this study, a novel eccentric-pelletisation machine was developed to transform purely fine rifampicin powders into spherical agglomerates, significantly improving their flowability, dispersibility, and handling properties. Key manufacturing parameters − including relative humidity (60–70%), eccentric speed (240 rpm), eccentric time (20 min), and sieve size (400 µm) − were systematically optimized using an L<sub>9</sub>(3<sup>4</sup>) orthogonal design. The optimized rifampicin agglomerates exhibited favorable properties, including bulk density (∼0.35 g/cm<sup>3</sup>), flow rate (∼0.59 g/s), roundness (∼0.92), yield (∼89.68%), and fine particle fraction/mass (>55%/5 mg), ensuring efficient high-dose delivery. Furthermore, the optimized agglomerates from three batches demonstrated excellent reproducibility of aerodynamic and physical properties. This study highlights the potential of the eccentric-pellestisation machine as a robust and scalable platform for producing inhalable rifampicin formulations, providing a foundation for industrial production and clinical applications for respiratory infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105178"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2026.105175
Dandan Han , Tingyi Mo , Yunxia Wang , Chao Tang , Lin Chen , Lijia Xu
An innovative flexible corn ear Discrete Element Method (DEM) model was established to effectively capture hierarchical anatomical properties of the corncob. By embedding kernel apices within the interstitial voids of xylem annulus particles and establishing multi-point adhesive connections, the model facilitates detachable kernel mechanics and corncob fracture dynamics. Experimental quantification yielded circumferential and axial threshing forces of 19.24 N and 28.70 N for four kernels arranged in a 2 × 2 matrix pattern relative to the corncob. These measurements served as benchmark criteria for systematic bonding parameter calibration. Sequential application of optimization tests identified the optimal bonding parameter set governing kernel–corncob interactions. Model validation demonstrated simulated circumferential and axial threshing forces of 19.37 N and 28.83 N, yielding relative errors of 0.68 % and 0.42 %. Implementation of the calibrated ear DEM model for longitudinal axial flow threshing apparatus simulation successfully reproduced dynamic bond failure mechanisms between kernels and corncob, axial kernel distribution patterns within the cylinder, and the inverse correlation between unthreshed rate and cylinder rotational velocity. The developed flexible ear DEM model substantially advances simulation authenticity and accuracy for threshing processes, furnishing a robust computational platform and theoretical basis for investigating low-loss, high-efficiency threshing separation mechanisms.
{"title":"Measurement and calibration of bonding parameters for a multi-scale DEM model of corn ears: experiment and simulation alignment","authors":"Dandan Han , Tingyi Mo , Yunxia Wang , Chao Tang , Lin Chen , Lijia Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An innovative flexible corn ear Discrete Element Method (DEM) model was established to effectively capture hierarchical anatomical properties of the corncob. By embedding kernel apices within the interstitial voids of xylem annulus particles and establishing multi-point adhesive connections, the model facilitates detachable kernel mechanics and corncob fracture dynamics. Experimental quantification yielded circumferential and axial threshing forces of 19.24 N and 28.70 N for four kernels arranged in a 2 × 2 matrix pattern relative to the corncob. These measurements served as benchmark criteria for systematic bonding parameter calibration. Sequential application of optimization tests identified the optimal bonding parameter set governing kernel–corncob interactions. Model validation demonstrated simulated circumferential and axial threshing forces of 19.37 N and 28.83 N, yielding relative errors of 0.68 % and 0.42 %. Implementation of the calibrated ear DEM model for longitudinal axial flow threshing apparatus simulation successfully reproduced dynamic bond failure mechanisms between kernels and corncob, axial kernel distribution patterns within the cylinder, and the inverse correlation between unthreshed rate and cylinder rotational velocity. The developed flexible ear DEM model substantially advances simulation authenticity and accuracy for threshing processes, furnishing a robust computational platform and theoretical basis for investigating low-loss, high-efficiency threshing separation mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105175"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study introduces a sustainable and green approach for synthesizing gold quantum dots (Au QDs) using an ultrasound–assisted method with Typha latifolia leaf extract serving as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. Optimization via Box–Behnken design yielded monodisperse nanoparticles with high crystallinity and a predominantly spherical morphology, exhibiting an average diameter of 6.8 ± 4.7 nm. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses (XRD, UV–Vis, DLS, FTIR, TEM) confirmed successful formation and surface functionalization of the Au QDs. Antibacterial assessments revealed that the Au QDs achieved complete inhibition of Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli at MIC values of 0.20 and 0.40 mg/mL, representing a fold improvement over the crude extract. Integration with a microfluidic platform accelerated bactericidal action, enabling rapid detection of potassium ion leakage (1.57 ± 0.09 ppm for B. subtilis, 1.34 ± 0.06 ppm for E. coli) within 30 min—approximately 50 % faster than conventional assays. Antioxidant performance improved markedly, with DPPH, ABTS, and NO scavenging activities increasing by 28–46 % relative to the extract. Biosafety evaluations using Allium cepa, Artemia urmiana, and MTT assays indicated negligible cytotoxicity and genotoxicity across tested concentrations. Collectively, these results demonstrate that T. latifolia–derived Au QDs possess strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, rapid microfluidic–enabled responsiveness, and excellent biosafety, establishing them as promising candidates for translational biomedical and environmental applications.
{"title":"Eco-friendly Typha latifolia gold quantum dots with microfluidic-boosted antimicrobial and antioxidant performance","authors":"Kimia Torabi , Fateme Aghamir , Zinab Moradi Alvand , Ghasem Eghlima","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a sustainable and green approach for synthesizing gold quantum dots (Au QDs) using an ultrasound–assisted method with <em>Typha latifolia</em> leaf extract serving as both the reducing and stabilizing agent. Optimization via Box–Behnken design yielded monodisperse nanoparticles with high crystallinity and a predominantly spherical morphology, exhibiting an average diameter of 6.8 ± 4.7 nm. Spectroscopic and microscopic analyses (XRD, UV–Vis, DLS, FTIR, TEM) confirmed successful formation and surface functionalization of the Au QDs. Antibacterial assessments revealed that the Au QDs achieved complete inhibition of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> at MIC values of 0.20 and 0.40 mg/mL, representing a fold improvement over the crude extract. Integration with a microfluidic platform accelerated bactericidal action, enabling rapid detection of potassium ion leakage (1.57 ± 0.09 ppm for <em>B. subtilis</em>, 1.34 ± 0.06 ppm for <em>E. coli</em>) within 30 min—approximately 50 % faster than conventional assays. Antioxidant performance improved markedly, with DPPH, ABTS, and NO scavenging activities increasing by 28–46 % relative to the extract. Biosafety evaluations using <em>Allium cepa</em>, <em>Artemia urmiana</em>, and MTT assays indicated negligible cytotoxicity and genotoxicity across tested concentrations. Collectively, these results demonstrate that <em>T. latifolia</em>–derived Au QDs possess strong antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, rapid microfluidic–enabled responsiveness, and excellent biosafety, establishing them as promising candidates for translational biomedical and environmental applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105161"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146022866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2026.105186
Deepak Sharma , Sanjeev Kumar , Varun Sharma
Microwave sintering, a form of powder metallurgy, and direct metal laser sintering, an additive manufacturing technique, have enhanced the efficiency and sustainability of processing CoCrMoW alloy powder biomaterials used in dental applications. This work examines the microstructural, mechanical, corrosion, and sustainability performance of CoCrMoW dental implants fabricated through two distinct routes. Dental implants fabricated with the direct rapid tooling route exhibited a fully melted, dense microstructure with smooth surfaces and low porosity (3.02%), which enhanced densification, reduced oxidation, and increased crystallinity. On the other hand, dental implants fabricated through the indirect rapid tooling route showed rougher surfaces and higher porosity (38.19%), as well as higher hardness due to the formation of an amorphous phase and oxide dispersion strengthening. Additionally, they exhibited improved corrosion resistance due to the formation of an effective protective oxide film. The direct rapid tooling route demonstrated a significantly lower potential for global warming (0.34 kg CO2 eq) and fewer repercussions on ecosystems, human health, and resource depletion compared to indirect rapid tooling (19.53 kg CO2 eq). This study has demonstrated that the direct rapid tooling approach offers a superior, more efficient, and environmentally responsible route for fabricating CoCrMoW alloy dental implants.
微波烧结是粉末冶金的一种形式,直接金属激光烧结是一种增材制造技术,提高了加工牙科用CoCrMoW合金粉末生物材料的效率和可持续性。本研究考察了通过两种不同途径制备的CoCrMoW牙种植体的显微结构、机械、腐蚀和可持续性性能。采用直接快速加工工艺制备的牙种植体具有完全熔化、致密的微观结构,表面光滑,孔隙率低(3.02%),增强了致密化,减少了氧化,提高了结晶度。另一方面,通过间接快速加工方法制备的种植体表面更粗糙,孔隙率更高(38.19%),由于非晶相的形成和氧化物弥散强化,硬度更高。此外,由于形成有效的氧化保护膜,它们表现出更好的耐腐蚀性。与间接快速加工(19.53 kg CO2当量)相比,直接快速加工路线对全球变暖的潜在影响显著降低(0.34 kg CO2当量),对生态系统、人类健康和资源枯竭的影响也更小。该研究表明,直接快速加工方法为制造CoCrMoW合金牙科种植体提供了一种更优越、更高效、更环保的途径。
{"title":"Effect of manufacturing route on powder biomaterial Co–Cr–Mo–W dental implants: microstructural and environmental assessment","authors":"Deepak Sharma , Sanjeev Kumar , Varun Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2026.105186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microwave sintering, a form of powder metallurgy, and direct metal laser sintering, an additive manufacturing technique, have enhanced the efficiency and sustainability of processing CoCrMoW alloy powder biomaterials used in dental applications. This work examines the microstructural, mechanical, corrosion, and sustainability performance of CoCrMoW dental implants fabricated through two distinct routes. Dental implants fabricated with the direct rapid tooling route exhibited a fully melted, dense microstructure with smooth surfaces and low porosity (3.02%), which enhanced densification, reduced oxidation, and increased crystallinity. On the other hand, dental implants fabricated through the indirect rapid tooling route showed rougher surfaces and higher porosity (38.19%), as well as higher hardness due to the formation of an amorphous phase and oxide dispersion strengthening. Additionally, they exhibited improved corrosion resistance due to the formation of an effective protective oxide film. The direct rapid tooling route demonstrated a significantly lower potential for global warming (0.34 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq) and fewer repercussions on ecosystems, human health, and resource depletion compared to indirect rapid tooling (19.53 kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq). This study has demonstrated that the direct rapid tooling approach offers a superior, more efficient, and environmentally responsible route for fabricating CoCrMoW alloy dental implants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105186"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Low-temperature drying is a critical step for ensuring the product quality and long-term stability of pharmaceutical solids such as granules and tablets. Vacuum rotary kilns have a wide range of industrial applications and are potentially applicable to the low-temperature drying of pharmaceutical solids. In this study, a vacuum rotary kiln was modified by the utilization of a hot-water circulation unit to improve the heat transfer efficiency and addition of internal structural components to the rotating cylinder to improve the powder flow characteristics. Experiments demonstrated that these components promoted the ideal cascading motion, which increased contact between the granules and heated cylinder wall and improved mixing uniformity throughout the powder bed. Numerical simulations were conducted to visualize particle trajectories and contact areas and quantify mixing indices. Among the internal structural components tested, flights with an axial gradient and high contact frequency with the powder bed as well as metal liners with high porosity enhanced the drying efficiency by reducing the drying time and minimizing localized overheating. These results demonstrate the potential applicability of vacuum rotary kilns to the low-temperature drying process of pharmaceutical solids by optimizing their internal geometry.
{"title":"Internal geometry optimization of a vacuum rotary kiln for enhanced low-temperature drying of pharmaceutical solids","authors":"Yuka Fukushima , Toshiki Nakamura , Fumihiko Kato , Shizuki Ohshima , Motoharu Suzuki , Kohei Tahara","doi":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apt.2025.105162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-temperature drying is a critical step for ensuring the product quality and long-term stability of pharmaceutical solids such as granules and tablets. Vacuum rotary kilns have a wide range of industrial applications and are potentially applicable to the low-temperature drying of pharmaceutical solids. In this study, a vacuum rotary kiln was modified by the utilization of a hot-water circulation unit to improve the heat transfer efficiency and addition of internal structural components to the rotating cylinder to improve the powder flow characteristics. Experiments demonstrated that these components promoted the ideal cascading motion, which increased contact between the granules and heated cylinder wall and improved mixing uniformity throughout the powder bed. Numerical simulations were conducted to visualize particle trajectories and contact areas and quantify mixing indices. Among the internal structural components tested, flights with an axial gradient and high contact frequency with the powder bed as well as metal liners with high porosity enhanced the drying efficiency by reducing the drying time and minimizing localized overheating. These results demonstrate the potential applicability of vacuum rotary kilns to the low-temperature drying process of pharmaceutical solids by optimizing their internal geometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":7232,"journal":{"name":"Advanced Powder Technology","volume":"37 2","pages":"Article 105162"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145922470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}